{"id":28338,"date":"2026-03-18T14:07:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T14:07:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/28338\/"},"modified":"2026-03-18T14:07:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T14:07:09","slug":"vedci-z-cernu-objevili-novou-castici-ktera-muze-zmenit-nase-chapani-hmoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/28338\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci z\u00a0CERNu objevili novou \u010d\u00e1stici, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed hmoty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice, ozna\u010den\u00e1 jako \u039ecc\u207a, vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch proton\u016f ve Velk\u00e9m hadronov\u00e9m urychlova\u010di (LHC), kde jsou \u010d\u00e1stice urychlov\u00e1ny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na rychlost sv\u011btla.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco b\u011b\u017en\u00fd proton se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou kvark\u016f up a\u00a0jednoho kvarku down, tento \u201et\u011b\u017ek\u00fd proton\u201c obsahuje dva kvarky charm a\u00a0jeden kvark down. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Objev byl prezentov\u00e1n tento t\u00fdden v\u00a0r\u00e1mci s\u00e9rie v\u011bdeck\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed Rencontres de Moriond<\/a>, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na \u010d\u00e1sticovou fyziku a\u00a0astrofyziku.<\/p>\n

Co je kvark?<\/p>\n

Podle \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e9 fyziky je kvark element\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice a\u00a0jedna ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch jednotek hmoty. Tvo\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad protony a\u00a0neutrony, z\u00a0nich\u017e se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed atomov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra. Nikdy se nevyskytuj\u00ed samostatn\u011b, jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny silnou jadernou interakc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Existuje \u0161est typ\u016f kvark\u016f, odborn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch v\u016fn\u011b: up (nahoru), down (dol\u016f), charm (p\u016fvabn\u00fd), strange (podivn\u00fd), top (svrchn\u00ed) a\u00a0bottom (spodn\u00ed). Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou kvarky up a\u00a0down, zat\u00edmco t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvarky, jako charm nebo top, vznikaj\u00ed pouze p\u0159i vysokoenergetick\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch v\u00a0urychlova\u010d\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010d k\u00a0pochopen\u00ed sil v\u00a0j\u00e1d\u0159e atomu<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro studium siln\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 interakce, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017ee kvarky uvnit\u0159 proton\u016f a\u00a0neutron\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee jde o\u00a0jednu ze \u010dty\u0159 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sil ve fyzice, jej\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2017\u00a0v\u011bdci objevili podobnou \u010d\u00e1stici slo\u017eenou ze dvou kvark\u016f charm a\u00a0jednoho kvarku up. Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice se li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00edsto kvarku up obsahuje kvark down.<\/p>\n

Navzdory t\u00e9to zd\u00e1nliv\u011b mal\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed \u201e\u017eivotnost\u201c, podle teoretick\u00fdch model\u016f a\u017e \u0161estin\u00e1sobn\u011b. To jej\u00ed detekci zna\u010dn\u011b komplikuje a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdznam samotn\u00e9ho objevu.<\/p>\n

Foto: CERN<\/p>\n

Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed \u201erodokmenu proton\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 ukazuje, jak z\u00a0protonu vznikaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice nahrazen\u00edm jeho kvark\u016f kvarky typu strange (s), charm (c) nebo bottom (b). Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice \u039ecc\u207a se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na vrcholu.<\/p>\n

Technologie, kter\u00e1 objev umo\u017enila<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli sehr\u00e1la modernizace detektoru \u010d\u00e1stic LHCb. Tento detektor funguje jako extr\u00e9mn\u011b rychl\u00e1 \u201ekamera\u201c, kter\u00e1 zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 produkty sr\u00e1\u017eek \u010d\u00e1stic ve Velk\u00e9m hadronov\u00e9m urychlova\u010di a\u00a0dok\u00e1\u017ee analyzovat des\u00edtky milion\u016f ud\u00e1lost\u00ed za sekundu.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice byla objevena na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho rozpadu na t\u0159i leh\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice. Pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich stopy umo\u017enily v\u011bdc\u016fm zp\u011btn\u011b rekonstruovat existenci \u010d\u00e1stice \u039ecc\u207a.<\/p>\n

\u201eJedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0prvn\u00ed novou \u010d\u00e1stici identifikovanou po modernizaci detektoru LHCb, kter\u00e1 byla dokon\u010dena v\u00a0roce 2023, a\u00a0teprve o\u00a0druh\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl pozorov\u00e1n baryon se dv\u011bma t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kvarky,\u201c uvedl na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch CERNu<\/a> mluv\u010d\u00ed LHCb Vincenzo Vagnoni.<\/p>\n

Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee tento objev pomoci objasnit dlouholet\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se struktury baryon\u016f, tedy \u010d\u00e1stic slo\u017een\u00fdch ze t\u0159\u00ed kvark\u016f.<\/p>\n

Co je Velk\u00fd hadronov\u00fd urychlova\u010d?<\/p>\n

Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd t\u00e9\u017e jako LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Je to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed urychlova\u010d \u010d\u00e1stic na sv\u011bt\u011b. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v\u00a0podzemn\u00edm tunelu mezi poho\u0159\u00edm Jura ve Francii a\u00a0\u017denevsk\u00fdm jezerem ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku.<\/p>\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed kruhov\u00fd tunel o\u00a0d\u00e9lce 27\u00a0kilometr\u016f, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e jsou \u010d\u00e1stice urychlov\u00e1ny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na rychlost sv\u011btla a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b jsou p\u0159ivedeny ke sr\u00e1\u017ece. Urychlova\u010d byl spu\u0161t\u011bn v\u00a0roce 2008\u00a0a\u00a0v roce 2012\u00a0sehr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i potvrzen\u00ed existence tzv. Higgsova bosonu.<\/p>\n

Budoucnost v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0nejist\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Objev \u201et\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed varianty protonu\u201c podle v\u011bdc\u016f p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00ed krok k\u00a0hlub\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch kamen\u016f hmoty. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice toti\u017e nen\u00ed jen izolovan\u00fdm objevem, ale d\u00edlkem do komplexn\u00ed skl\u00e1da\u010dky, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zp\u0159es\u0148ovat sou\u010dasn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed teorie.<\/p>\n

Jak ale upozor\u0148uj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, nap\u0159\u00edklad den\u00edk The Guardian<\/a>, budoucnost podobn\u00fdch experiment\u016f nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt samoz\u0159ejm\u00e1. Diskutuje se toti\u017e o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch omezen\u00edch rozpo\u010dtu, kter\u00e1 by mohla zpomalit dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum i\u00a0modernizaci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice, ozna\u010den\u00e1 jako \u039ecc\u207a, vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch proton\u016f ve Velk\u00e9m hadronov\u00e9m urychlova\u010di (LHC), kde jsou \u010d\u00e1stice…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28339,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[12731,12729,6069,12730,54,898,12732,12733,4095,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-28338","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-castice","9":"tag-evropska-organizace-pro-jaderny-vyzkum-cern","10":"tag-fyzika","11":"tag-proton","12":"tag-svet","13":"tag-svycarsko","14":"tag-urychlovac","15":"tag-velky-hadronovy-urychlovac-lhc","16":"tag-vyzkum","17":"tag-world","18":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116250571109178489","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28338\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}