![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/hermafrodit.jpeg\")
Foto: nezn\u00e1m\u00fd autor\/Wikimedia Commons\/voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo<\/p>\nP\u0159\u00edroda ob\u010das chybuje a\u00a0hraje si s\u00a0lidskou biologi\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dech. Zat\u00edmco dnes mluv\u00edme o\u00a0intersexualit\u011b jako o\u00a0medic\u00ednsk\u00e9m faktu, v\u00a0minulosti byli tito lid\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako hermafrodit\u00e9. Jejich \u017eivoty nebyly jen o\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00edm boji s\u00a0vlastn\u00ed identitou, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0brut\u00e1ln\u00edch st\u0159etech se spole\u010densk\u00fdmi pravidly, c\u00edrkv\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1konem. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee pro\u017eijete dvacet let jako spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 d\u00edvka, abyste se jednoho r\u00e1na po verdiktu soudn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e stali mu\u017eem. A\u00a0to v\u0161e pod drobnohledem ve\u0159ejnosti, kter\u00e1 la\u010dnila po senzaci.<\/p>\n
Genetick\u00e1 loterie: Kdy\u017e se p\u0159\u00edroda nem\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout<\/p>\n
Biologick\u00e1 realita je ne\u00faprosn\u00e1. Nejde o\u00a0modern\u00ed v\u00fdmysl ani o\u00a0\u201evolbu\u201c \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. Jde o\u00a0shodu n\u00e1hod v\u00a0chromozomech a\u00a0hormonech, kter\u00e1 tu byla odjak\u017eiva. U\u017e ve star\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b vyvol\u00e1vali tito lid\u00e9 protich\u016fdn\u00e9 emoce. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159i je pova\u017eovali za posly boh\u016f a\u00a0uct\u00edvali je, sen\u00e1t v\u00a0nich \u010dasto vid\u011bl \u0161patn\u00e9 znamen\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed z\u00e1znamy o\u00a0tom, \u017ee \u201eobojetn\u00e9\u201c d\u011bti byly v\u00a0ran\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch republiky vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do truhel a\u00a0h\u00e1zeny do mo\u0159e, aby se m\u011bsto o\u010distilo od h\u0159\u00edchu.<\/p>\n
S n\u00e1stupem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se pohled je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159itvrdil. St\u0159edov\u011bk v\u00a0intersexu\u00e1ln\u00edch lidech vid\u011bl \u010f\u00e1blovo d\u00edlo nebo v\u00fdsledek sodomie. Pokud se takov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pokusil o\u00a0svatbu, riskoval hrdeln\u00ed trest. C\u00edrkev m\u011bla jasno: \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed b\u00fdt bu\u010f mu\u017e, nebo \u017eena. Nic mezi t\u00edm neexistovalo, a\u00a0pokud ano, muselo to b\u00fdt potla\u010deno nebo zni\u010deno. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9my t\u00e9 doby byly postaveny na bin\u00e1rn\u00edm vid\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bta a\u00a0kdokoli se neve\u0161el do kolonky, st\u00e1val se lovnou zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed pro inkvizitory i\u00a0sv\u011btsk\u00e9 soudce.<\/p>\n
Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd proces a\u00a0zni\u010den\u00fd \u017eivot kv\u016fli pohlav\u00ed<\/p>\n
Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f historie je osud Francouzky Herculine Barbin, kter\u00e1 se narodila v\u00a0roce 1838.\u00a0Herculine vyr\u016fstala v\u00a0d\u00edv\u010d\u00edm intern\u00e1tu a\u00a0pozd\u011bji pracovala jako u\u010ditelka v\u00a0kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed \u0161kole. Byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za citlivou, by\u0165 pon\u011bkud nedu\u017eivou mladou d\u00e1mu. Jen\u017ee jej\u00ed t\u011blo se za\u010dalo v\u00a0pubert\u011b m\u011bnit zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd ne\u0161lo ignorovat. M\u00edsto \u017eensk\u00fdch tvar\u016f se dostavila s\u00edla, hrub\u0161\u00ed hlas a\u00a0anatomick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 Herculine v\u00a0noci d\u011bsily.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se po letech pln\u00fdch studu a\u00a0bolesti p\u0159iznala m\u00edstn\u00edmu l\u00e9ka\u0159i, n\u00e1sledovala s\u00e9rie poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch prohl\u00eddek p\u0159ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed komis\u00ed. Verdikt byl na tehdej\u0161\u00ed dobu nekompromisn\u00ed: Herculine nen\u00ed \u017eena, ale mu\u017e. St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady j\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b zm\u011bnily pohlav\u00ed a\u00a0z jemn\u00e9 u\u010ditelky v\u00a0kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e se stal Abel Barbin. Pro \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd cel\u00fd \u017eivot pro\u017eil v\u00a0\u017eensk\u00e9m kolektivu a\u00a0neznal nic jin\u00e9ho, to byla soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poprava. Abel skon\u010dil v\u00a0b\u00edd\u011b pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9ho podn\u00e1jmu, neschopen zapadnout do mu\u017esk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd mu byl ciz\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 1868\u00a0sp\u00e1chal sebevra\u017edu a\u00a0jeho den\u00edky, kter\u00e9 po sob\u011b zanechal, dodnes slou\u017e\u00ed jako nejsmutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o\u00a0tom, jak krut\u011b dok\u00e1zala spole\u010dnost s \u201eobojetn\u00fdmi\u201c lidmi nalo\u017eit.<\/p>\n
Zlato v\u00a0kapse, tajemstv\u00ed pod sukn\u00ed: Olympijsk\u00e9 hrdinky pod lupou<\/p>\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skand\u00e1ly se ale odehr\u00e1ly tam, kde jde o\u00a0vte\u0159iny a\u00a0sl\u00e1vu\u00a0\u2013 na atletick\u00fdch stadionech. Ve 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed testy pohlav\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly sp\u00ed\u0161e inkvizici ne\u017e v\u011bdu. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je polsk\u00e1 sprinterka Ewa K\u0142obukowska. V\u00a0roce 1964\u00a0brala zlato v\u00a0Tokiu, ale o\u00a0t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji byla jako prvn\u00ed sportovkyn\u011b v\u00a0historii diskvalifikov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b tehdy revolu\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f chromozom\u016f. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verdikt zn\u011bl: \u201eM\u00e1 o\u00a0jeden mu\u017esk\u00fd chromozom nav\u00edc.\u201c Sv\u011bt ji odepsal jako podvodnici. Ironi\u00ed osudu je, \u017ee Ewa pozd\u011bji ot\u011bhotn\u011bla a\u00a0porodila syna, co\u017e je definitivn\u00ed d\u016fkaz \u017eenstv\u00ed, p\u0159esto j\u00ed medaile nikdo nevr\u00e1til a\u00a0jej\u00ed kari\u00e9ra z\u016fstala v\u00a0trosk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd byl osud Ameri\u010danky Stelly Walsh (p\u016fvodn\u011b Stanis\u0142awy Walasiewicz, na olympi\u00e1d\u011b reprezentovala Polsko, svoji rodnou zemi). Byla hv\u011bzdou 30.\u00a0let, olympijskou v\u00edt\u011bzkou a\u00a0mil\u00e1\u010dkem dav\u016f. Pravda vy\u0161la najevo a\u017e po jej\u00ed tragick\u00e9 smrti v\u00a0roce 1980, kdy se stala n\u00e1hodnou ob\u011bt\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9ho p\u0159epaden\u00ed na parkovi\u0161ti. Pitva \u0161okovala sportovn\u00ed sv\u011bt: Stella Walsh nebyla biologickou \u017eenou v\u00a0prav\u00e9m slova smyslu. V\u00a0jej\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch na\u0161li mu\u017eskou kombinaci chromozom\u016f XY a\u00a0jej\u00ed t\u011blo skr\u00fdvalo zakrn\u011bl\u00e9 mu\u017esk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny. Stella cel\u00fd \u017eivot lhala nejen fanou\u0161k\u016fm, ale i\u00a0sv\u00e9mu man\u017eelovi. Byla to podvodnice, nebo ob\u011b\u0165 genetick\u00e9 loterie, kter\u00e1 jen cht\u011bla b\u011bhat a\u00a0milovat? Historie ji dnes vid\u00ed jako tragickou postavu, kter\u00e1 musela sv\u00e9 t\u011blo skr\u00fdvat ka\u017edou vte\u0159inu sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n
Foto: nezn\u00e1m\u00fd autor\/Wikimedia Commons\/voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo<\/p>\n
Zlat\u00e1 Stella Walsh (vlevo) a\u00a0jej\u00ed soupe\u0159ky v\u00a0roce 1932.\u00a0Byla to nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed \u017eena sv\u011bta, nebo mu\u017e v\u00a0\u017eensk\u00e9m dresu? Pravda vy\u0161la najevo a\u017e po smrti. <\/p>\n
Boxerky v\u00a0ringu: Modern\u00ed hon na \u010darod\u011bjnice, nebo ochrana sportu?<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edpad boxerky Imane Khelif z\u00a0olympi\u00e1dy v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei 2024\u00a0uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee ani dnes neum\u00edme jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edct, kde kon\u010d\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fd sv\u011bt a\u00a0za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ten mu\u017esk\u00fd. Khelif se narodila jako \u017eena, v\u00a0Al\u017e\u00edrsku jako \u017eena vyrostla a\u00a0v rodn\u00e9m list\u011b m\u00e1 jasno. P\u0159esto \u010delila brut\u00e1ln\u00edmu kyber\u00fatoku a\u00a0obvin\u011bn\u00edm z\u00a0podvodu kv\u016fli nejasn\u00fdm test\u016fm Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed boxersk\u00e9 asociace (IBA).<\/p>\n
Spekuluje se o\u00a0form\u011b DSD (Differences in Sex Development)\u00a0\u2013 vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch stavech, kdy se t\u011blo vyv\u00edj\u00ed \u017eensky, ale krev a\u00a0genetika vykazuj\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00e9 parametry. Zat\u00edmco davy m\u011bly jasno a\u00a0mluvily o\u00a0mu\u017ei, kter\u00fd ml\u00e1t\u00ed \u017eeny, realita v\u00a0t\u011ble sportovkyn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazem, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda odm\u00edt\u00e1 hr\u00e1t podle na\u0161ich pravidel. Je to modern\u00ed paralela k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu Stelly Walsh, jen s\u00a0t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee dnes o\u00a0v\u0161em rozhoduj\u00ed vir\u00e1ln\u00ed videa na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Pravda v\u00a0rodn\u00e9m list\u011b: Pro\u010d biologie nezn\u00e1 jen dv\u011b kolonky?<\/p>\n
S n\u00e1stupem modern\u00ed medic\u00edny p\u0159estali b\u00fdt tito lid\u00e9 cirkusovou atrakc\u00ed pro panoptika a\u00a0stali se \u201ep\u0159\u00edpady k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u201c. Dlouho se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee pohlav\u00ed je jen v\u011bc\u00ed v\u00fdchovy, a\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bli operace u\u00a0kojenc\u016f bez jejich souhlasu, jen aby se ve\u0161li do tabulek. Dnes u\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee intersexualita nen\u00ed jedna diagn\u00f3za, ale \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum. Od syndrom\u016f, kdy t\u011blo mu\u017ee vypad\u00e1 jako \u017eensk\u00e9, a\u017e po stavy, kdy jsou v\u00a0jednom t\u011ble p\u0159\u00edtomny tk\u00e1n\u011b obou pohlavn\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n
Co v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e9, je spole\u010densk\u00e9 stigma. I\u00a0kdy\u017e u\u017e nikoho neupalujeme na hranici, lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se vymykaj\u00ed \u0161katulce \u201eon\u201c nebo \u201eona\u201c, st\u00e1le nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na nepochopen\u00ed a\u00a0strach. Lidsk\u00e1 identita je mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jen z\u00e1znam v\u00a0rodn\u00e9m list\u011b nebo vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrola v\u00a0\u0161atn\u011b. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy hermafrodit\u016f nejsou jen pikantn\u00edmi historkami, ale sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o\u00a0odvaze \u017e\u00edt v\u00a0t\u011ble, kter\u00e9mu \u010dasto nerozum\u011bla ani v\u011bda. Historie n\u00e1m ukazuje, \u017ee tito lid\u00e9 tu byli v\u017edy\u00a0\u2013 od antiky a\u017e po modern\u00ed box\u00e9rsk\u00e9 ringy\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0budou tu i\u00a0d\u00e1l, bez ohledu na to, jak moc se je budeme sna\u017eit za\u0161katulkovat.<\/p>\n
Anketa<\/p>\n
M\u011bly by intersexu\u00e1ln\u00ed sportovkyn\u011b (jako Stella Walsh) p\u0159ij\u00edt o sv\u00e9 medaile i po letech?<\/p>\n
Ano, m\u011bly mu\u017eskou v\u00fdhodu, je to nef\u00e9r v\u016f\u010di ostatn\u00edm \u017een\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
Ne, nemohly za to, jak se narodily, a v\u011bda tehdy byla v plenk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
M\u011bly by se pro tyto p\u0159\u00edpady vytvo\u0159it speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kategorie.<\/p>\n
Je to historie, nechte je v klidu odpo\u010d\u00edvat.<\/p>\n
Celkem
\n\t\t\t\thlasovalo
\n\t\t\t\t538
\n\t\t\t\t\u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edroda ob\u010das chybuje a\u00a0hraje si s\u00a0lidskou biologi\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dech. Zat\u00edmco dnes mluv\u00edme o\u00a0intersexualit\u011b jako o\u00a0medic\u00ednsk\u00e9m faktu,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30672,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[441,13388,422,717,2780,2707,94,93,13387,437],"class_list":{"0":"post-30671","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sport","8":"tag-historie","9":"tag-intersexualita","10":"tag-olympiada","11":"tag-olympijske-hry","12":"tag-retro","13":"tag-skandal","14":"tag-sport","15":"tag-sports","16":"tag-zahady","17":"tag-zajimavosti"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116263024248662230","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30671\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}