{"id":31159,"date":"2026-03-21T10:18:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T10:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/31159\/"},"modified":"2026-03-21T10:18:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T10:18:12","slug":"v-cine-se-snazi-vylepsit-hybrid-benzinovy-motor-chteji-nahradit-turbinou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/31159\/","title":{"rendered":"V \u010c\u00edn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed vylep\u0161it hybrid. Benzinov\u00fd motor cht\u011bj\u00ed nahradit turb\u00ednou"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdvoj spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e1 posledn\u00ed dobou v \u00fatlumu, neznamen\u00e1 to ale, \u017ee by \u00fapln\u011b skon\u010dil. Krom b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch jednotek se pokra\u010duje i s v\u00fdzkumem odv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stroj\u016f a hodn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed i v \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 jeden z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch pod\u00edl\u016f elektromobil\u016f mezi nov\u00fdmi vozy na sv\u011bt\u011b. Loni tvo\u0159ily asi 33 % trhu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se zde prodalo v\u00edce elektromobil\u016f ne\u017e ve zbytku sv\u011bta dohromady. Vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl kolem 15 % ale maj\u00ed plug-in hybridy a kolem 5 % se dr\u017e\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 hybridy neboli elektromobily se spalovac\u00edm prodlu\u017eova\u010dem dojezdu.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomu se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b st\u00e1le pracuje na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f, kter\u00e9 u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou pln\u00ed n\u011bjakou roli v hybridn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jde o p\u0159epl\u0148ovanou patn\u00e1ctistovku, ob\u010das ale i v \u010c\u00edn\u011b popust\u00ed uzdu fantazii. BYD tak loni za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd motor typu boxer, pr\u00e1v\u011b v roli gener\u00e1toru energie v s\u00e9riov\u00e9m hybridu.<\/p>\n

Do\u0161lo i na wankel, kter\u00fd u\u017e podobn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Mazda. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 automobilka Changan loni za\u010dala testovat jednorotorov\u00fd\u00a0wankel o v\u00fdkonu 53 kW jako gener\u00e1tor energie. Pl\u00e1nuje jej v\u0161ak nasadit do l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch aut neboli osobn\u00edch dron\u016f. V\u00fdhodou wankelu jsou toti\u017e kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vibrace. Ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu zva\u017euje pou\u017eit\u00ed wankelu v \u201el\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch autech\u201c i automobilka Xpeng. Wankelovy motory pro hybridy mimochodem testoval i Huawei, Leapmotor nebo Xiaomi.<\/p>\n

\"Boxer\"Boxer<\/a>Boxer m\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edho zast\u00e1nce. Auto s n\u00edm uvedla zna\u010dka zn\u00e1m\u00e1 elektromobily<\/a><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b odv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010din ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b pl\u00e1nuje automobilka Changan. Jej\u00ed pobo\u010dka Hunan Tianyan toti\u017e \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b otestovala turb\u00ednov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podle firmy m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tento syst\u00e9m \u201evyj\u00edmateln\u00fd\u201c. Jestli to znamen\u00e1 jen jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost instalace motoru pro automobilku, nebo chce opravdu nechat manipulaci na z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch, ale nen\u00ed ze zpr\u00e1vy jasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mikroturb\u00edny je teoreticky jednoduch\u00e9. Cel\u00fd proces za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v lopatkov\u00e9m kompresoru, kter\u00fd nas\u00e1v\u00e1 okoln\u00ed vzduch a pod vysok\u00fdm tlakem ho vh\u00e1n\u00ed do spalovac\u00ed komory, kde se m\u00eds\u00ed s palivem. Zap\u00e1len\u00e1 sm\u011bs vytvo\u0159\u00ed proud hork\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i expanzi rozt\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed turb\u00ednu s pevn\u00fdmi rozv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edmi lopatkami. Tato turb\u00edna je ulo\u017eena na spole\u010dn\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddeli s vysokoot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00fdm gener\u00e1torem, jen\u017e kinetickou energii rotace okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud. Ten je n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159es v\u00fdkonovou elektroniku s pokro\u010dil\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm managementem usm\u011brn\u011bn a posl\u00e1n do akumul\u00e1toru vozidla.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m se podle \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f py\u0161n\u00ed n\u011bkolika v\u00fdhodami, v\u010detn\u011b kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed energetick\u00e9 hustoty a lep\u0161\u00ed adaptability na r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy paliv. U kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho komponentu, kter\u00fdm je plynov\u00e1 turb\u00edna, spole\u010dnost podle tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy \u201evyu\u017eila sv\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed proudov\u00fdch stroj\u016f spolu s 3D numerick\u00fdmi simulacemi turbulence k anal\u00fdze vnit\u0159n\u00edch pol\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed v kompresoru a turb\u00edn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u011b vyvinuli vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd syst\u00e9m kuli\u010dkov\u00fdch lo\u017eisek, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd lopatkov\u00fd kompresor a turb\u00ednu s pevn\u00fdmi rozv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edmi lopatkami, \u010d\u00edm\u017e nakonec zv\u00fd\u0161ili \u00fa\u010dinnost turb\u00edny o v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 %.\u201c<\/p>\n

\"Turb\u00edna<\/a>Turb\u00edna coby gener\u00e1tor? Subaru zkoum\u00e1 nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k hybrid\u016fm<\/a><\/p>\n

Changan zva\u017euje nasazen\u00ed v s\u00e9riov\u00fdch hybridech, ale tak\u00e9 v dronech a dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch stroj\u00edch. Zat\u00edm tedy byla prvn\u00ed jednotka \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bna a vygenerovala elekt\u0159inu. Nyn\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 testy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed potvrdit slibovan\u00e9 5% zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti a stabilitu tepeln\u00e9ho managementu p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m provozu. B\u011bhem leto\u0161n\u00edho roku za\u010dne Changan testovat tento modul v n\u011bkter\u00e9m ze sv\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch voz\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokusy u\u017e tady byly<\/p>\n

Pokud se turb\u00ednu poda\u0159\u00ed opravdu dostat do auta, nebude to rozhodn\u011b poprv\u00e9. Podobn\u00e9 pokusy prob\u00edhaly u\u017e od poloviny minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Jako prvn\u00ed turb\u00ednu do auta nasadil u\u017e v roce 1950 britsk\u00fd Rover, jeho\u017e prototyp JET 1 dos\u00e1hl v roce 1952 rychlosti p\u0159es 240 km\/h. N\u00e1sledoval General Motors se s\u00e9ri\u00ed prototyp\u016f Firebird z 50. let, kter\u00e9 vypadaly jako mix mezi autem a st\u00edha\u010dkou.<\/p>\n

Naopak velmi pohledn\u00fd byl prototyp Fiat Turbina z roku 1954, kter\u00fd m\u011bl turb\u00ednu ulo\u017eenu v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vozu. Auto d\u00e1valo v\u00fdkon 220 kW ve 22.000 ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost m\u011bla b\u00fdt a\u017e 250 km\/h. Nakonec se s v\u00fdvojem nepokra\u010dovalo, proto\u017ee se neda\u0159ilo vy\u0159e\u0161it obrovskou spot\u0159ebu a p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve stejn\u00e9m roce postavil podobn\u00fd v\u016fz i Renault. Jeho \u00c9toile Filante m\u011blo v\u00fdkon 201 kW p\u0159i 28.000 ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch a vytvo\u0159ilo rekord pro turb\u00ednov\u00e9 vozy. Na soln\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch v Bonneville dos\u00e1hlo rychlosti 307,4 km\/h.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160koda<\/a>\u0160koda vyv\u00edj\u00ed spalovac\u00ed motor pro USA. Poh\u00e1n\u011bt bude obrovsk\u00fd pick-up Scout<\/a><\/p>\n

V roce 1977 turb\u00ednu do vozu nasadila i Toyota, kter\u00e1 u\u017e tehdy p\u0159i\u0161la s velmi modern\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Mal\u00fd spor\u0165\u00e1k Toyota Sports 800 Gas Turbine-Hybrid m\u011bl toti\u017e malou turb\u00ednu o v\u00fdkonu 22 kW, kter\u00e1 byla propojena s gener\u00e1torem elekt\u0159iny. Ten dod\u00e1val energii elektromotoru, kter\u00fd kola poh\u00e1n\u011bl p\u0159es dvourychlostn\u00ed p\u0159evodovku.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fdch turb\u00ednov\u00fdch projekt\u016f bylo v\u00edce, nejd\u00e1le se ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b dostal projekt Chrysler Turbine Car, kter\u00e9ho se mezi lety 1963 a 1964 vyrobilo 55 kus\u016f. Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed dvoudve\u0159ov\u00e9 kup\u00e9 se nedostalo do s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, 50 kus\u016f se ale dostalo do testov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi z\u00e1jemci z ve\u0159ejnosti. V\u00fdsledkem ov\u0161em bylo, \u017ee vzhledem k n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9mu startov\u00e1n\u00ed, slab\u00e9 dynamice, hluku a vysok\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b nen\u00ed v projektu budoucnost. V\u011bt\u0161ina voz\u016f byla automobilkou zni\u010dena a do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f jich p\u0159e\u017eilo jen dev\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Motor dosahoval v\u00fdkonu 97 kW p\u0159i 36.000 ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch za minutu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e volnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky se pohybovaly mezi 18.000 a 22.000 ot.\/min. P\u0159i nulov\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch v\u00fdstupn\u00edho h\u0159\u00eddele byl motor schopen vyvinout to\u010div\u00fd moment 576 Nm. Na volnob\u011bh teplota jeho v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f nep\u0159es\u00e1hla 82 \u00b0C. P\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b rychlost\u00ed 193 km\/h b\u011b\u017eela turb\u00edna na maximu 60.000 ot.\/min. Kompresor motoru A-831 m\u011bl kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br 4 : 1 a \u00fa\u010dinnost 80 %; jeho spalovac\u00ed komora pracovala s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed 95 %.<\/p>\n

\"Ford<\/a>Ford s motorem od Boeingu: Thunderbird poh\u00e1n\u011bla v roce 1956 spalovac\u00ed turb\u00edna<\/a><\/p>\n

Jeden z dochovan\u00fdch kus\u016f se dostal k americk\u00e9mu moder\u00e1torovi Jay Lenovi, kter\u00fd jej ve sv\u00e9 d\u00edln\u011b renovoval a ob\u010das s n\u00edm vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed. Fascinace turb\u00ednov\u00fdm pohonem a bohatstv\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9 dek\u00e1dami v showbyznysu vedly k dal\u0161\u00edmu unik\u00e1tn\u00edmu projektu. V roce 2006 ve spolupr\u00e1ci s General Motors a firmami Honeywell, Alcoa a BASF p\u0159edstavil koncept nazvan\u00fd EcoJet.<\/p>\n

Sportovn\u00ed v\u016fz designem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm tehdej\u0161\u00ed cadillaky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 modifikovan\u00fd hlin\u00edkov\u00fd r\u00e1m z Chevroletu\u00a0Corvette Z06, ale karoserie je kompletn\u011b vyrobena z kombinace karbonu a kevlaru, aby byla extr\u00e9mn\u011b lehk\u00e1 a pevn\u00e1. Srdcem vozu je vzadu uprost\u0159ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 plynov\u00e1 turb\u00edna Honeywell LTS101, kter\u00e1 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v helikopt\u00e9r\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Produkuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 485 kW a 542 Nm to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu a je upravena tak, aby spalovala bionaftu. Auto m\u00e1 ale dv\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017ee: jednu s kerosinem (Jet A) pro start a proplach motoru a druhou s bionaftou pro samotnou j\u00edzdu. Proto\u017ee turb\u00edna vy\u017eaduje neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, je propojena se \u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ovou automatickou p\u0159evodovkou s hydrodynamick\u00fdm m\u011bni\u010dem z corvette. Podle Lena by byl klasick\u00fd manu\u00e1l nepou\u017eiteln\u00fd, proto\u017ee p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m se\u0161l\u00e1pnut\u00ed spojky by se turb\u00edna bez z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159eto\u010dila a mohla by explodovat.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed interi\u00e9ru je multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na Windows Vista. Ve vide\u00edch se ale ukazuje dal\u0161\u00ed nev\u00fdhoda tohoto pohonu. Turb\u00edna je tak hlu\u010dn\u00e1, \u017ee Jay pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed leteck\u00e1 sluch\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 mu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed mluvit s pasa\u017e\u00e9rem. A\u010dkoliv jde o koncept existuj\u00edc\u00ed v jedin\u00e9m kuse, je schv\u00e1len pro silni\u010dn\u00ed provoz a Leno s n\u00edm ob\u010das vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na kalifornsk\u00e9 cesty.<\/p>\n

\"Video<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tFord Big Red Gas Turbine Truck (1964) \u2022 Ford\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Changam, zdroj foto: Chrysler, Changan, Fiat, Jay Leno<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u00fdvoj spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e1 posledn\u00ed dobou v \u00fatlumu, neznamen\u00e1 to ale, \u017ee by \u00fapln\u011b skon\u010dil. Krom b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31160,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[13486,67,2556,68,6123,6323,13488,4531,768,78,13487,424,13485,2945,805],"class_list":{"0":"post-31159","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-byznys","8":"tag-boxer","9":"tag-business","10":"tag-byd","11":"tag-byznys","12":"tag-changan","13":"tag-chrysler","14":"tag-jay-leno","15":"tag-mazda-mx-5","16":"tag-redakcni-video","17":"tag-technika","18":"tag-turbina","19":"tag-video","20":"tag-wankeluv-motor","21":"tag-xiaomi","22":"tag-xpeng-motors"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116266657570193159","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31159\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}