{"id":31458,"date":"2026-03-21T16:04:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T16:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/31458\/"},"modified":"2026-03-21T16:04:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T16:04:10","slug":"pod-carou-nejde-vam-obnovit-ulozena-pozice-valka-neni-videohra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/31458\/","title":{"rendered":"Pod \u010darou: Nejde v\u00e1m obnovit ulo\u017een\u00e1 pozice? V\u00e1lka nen\u00ed videohra"},"content":{"rendered":"

V newsletteru Pod \u010darou popisuje ka\u017edou sobotu Matou\u0161 Hrdina spole\u010densk\u00e9 trendy, kter\u00e9 sice v\u00edd\u00e1me v\u0161ude kolem sebe, ale v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edlivu ka\u017edodenn\u00edho zpravodajstv\u00ed trochu zanikaj\u00ed mezi \u0159\u00e1dky. Pokud v\u00e1s uk\u00e1zka zaujme, p\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a> pln\u00e9 verze newsletteru.<\/p>\n

Donald Trump se p\u0159i americko-izraelsk\u00e9m \u00fatoku na \u00cdr\u00e1n dost z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtal. Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd re\u017eim se nezhroutil do p\u00e1r dn\u016f, ba ani t\u00fddn\u016f. Nepomohlo bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed ani zabit\u00ed politick\u00fdch \u0161pi\u010dek. Blok\u00e1da Hormuzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu dus\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku. Nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkopy se objevuj\u00ed jak mezi USA, EU a\u00a0st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, tak i\u00a0mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a\u00a0Izraelem. Z\u00a0vysn\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed se pro Trumpa st\u00e1v\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fra a\u00a0analytici piln\u011b sepisuj\u00ed v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny situace.<\/p>\n

Je jich jist\u011b mnoho (\u0159adu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch anal\u00fdz pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed<\/a> i\u00a0Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy), ale v\u011bt\u0161ina rozbor\u016f nakonec dojde ke konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161pi\u010dky sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 administrativy zkr\u00e1tka ud\u011blaly mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. Pochopiteln\u011b to \u010dasto vede ke zcela d\u016fvodn\u00fdm debat\u00e1m o\u00a0charakterov\u00fdch a\u00a0ment\u00e1ln\u00edch deficitech americk\u00e9ho prezidenta, ale je pot\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit i\u00a0jin\u00fd zaj\u00edmav\u00fd rozm\u011br v\u011bci.<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, jako by dnes nejen americk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 elity vn\u00edmaly v\u00e1lky i\u00a0\u0159adu jin\u00fdch z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek jako po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou hru\u00a0\u2013 nejen p\u0159enesen\u011b, ale i\u00a0zcela doslova. Do vlivn\u00fdch pozic se toti\u017e dost\u00e1v\u00e1 generace lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e s\u00a0hrami odmali\u010dka vyr\u016fstali a\u00a0jejich logiky se ke sv\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b st\u00e1le nemohou zbavit.<\/p>\n

K \u010demu jsou n\u00e1m simulace<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my s \u201ehern\u00edm\u201c my\u0161len\u00edm nicm\u00e9n\u011b nejsou \u00faplnou novinkou a\u00a0je ironi\u00ed osudu, \u017ee aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 fiasko mo\u017en\u00e1 za\u010dalo u\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011bma dek\u00e1dami pr\u00e1v\u011b jednou \u0161patn\u011b pochopenou hrou.<\/p>\n

V roce 2002\u00a0provedla americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da rozs\u00e1hlou vojenskou simulaci Millennium Challenge<\/a>, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla prozkoumat p\u0159ipravenost na konflikt s\u00a0jistou nejmenovanou mocnost\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Hra se zd\u00e1nliv\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem se ale rychle zm\u011bnila v\u00a0legend\u00e1rn\u00ed blam\u00e1\u017e.<\/p>\n

Poslechn\u011bte si audioverzi newsletteru na\u010dtenou autorem.<\/p>\n

Veden\u00edm nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho \u201erud\u00e9ho\u201c t\u00fdmu (tedy fiktivn\u00edho \u00cdr\u00e1nu) byl pov\u011b\u0159en vyslou\u017eil\u00fd americk\u00fd gener\u00e1l Paul Van Riper, kter\u00fd chyt\u0159e obe\u0161el drtivou technologickou p\u0159evahu americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a\u00a0v boji pou\u017eil netradi\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky\u00a0\u2013 m\u00edsto odposlouch\u00e1vateln\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch metod nasadil pro p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozkaz\u016f kur\u00fdry na motork\u00e1ch, proti americk\u00e9 flotile poslal nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 p\u0159ezbrojen\u00e9 ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 b\u00e1rky a\u00a0v rekordn\u00edm \u010dase u\u0161t\u011bd\u0159il neporaziteln\u00e9 imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti drtivou por\u00e1\u017eku.<\/p>\n

Samo o\u00a0sob\u011b to bylo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di zjevn\u011b zapomn\u011bli. Je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ov\u0161em je, co se stalo potom. Ztrapn\u011bn\u00e9 arm\u00e1dn\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dky neust\u00e1ly Van Riperovo nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Simulace byla zastavena a\u00a0znovu spu\u0161t\u011bna v\u00a0druh\u00e9m kole s\u00a0pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdmi pravidly, kter\u00e1 zajistila nevyhnuteln\u00fd triumf \u201emodr\u00e9ho\u201c t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n

Projevilo se tak ment\u00e1ln\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u011bchto kruz\u00edch p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes. Koment\u00e1tor Patrick Blanchfield ve sv\u00e9 poveden\u00e9 eseji<\/a> p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee americk\u00e9 elity u\u017e cel\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy setrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0iluzi, \u017ee pr\u016fb\u011bh ozbrojen\u00fdch konflikt\u016f lze jasn\u011b p\u0159edv\u00eddat a\u00a0oh\u00fdbat, a\u00a0pokud se snad n\u011bco nevyv\u00edj\u00ed podle jejich p\u0159edstav, v\u017edy je mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bnit pravidla hry a\u00a0za\u010d\u00edt nanovo.<\/p>\n

Nejen ameri\u010dt\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i si do chaotick\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u011bn\u00ed prom\u00edtaj\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b a\u00a0n\u00e1sledku. Dr\u017e\u00ed se my\u0161lenky, \u017ee stejn\u011b jako ve vojensk\u00e9 simulaci lze i\u00a0v realit\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby obej\u00edt pravidla a\u00a0zkr\u00e1tka \u201eud\u011blat v\u011bci\u201c (t\u0159eba zab\u00edt \u010di un\u00e9st hlavu jin\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu). P\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat mezi fantazi\u00ed a\u00a0realitou a\u00a0nech\u00e1pou p\u016fvodn\u00ed smysl simulac\u00ed, jako byla zmi\u0148ovan\u00e1 Millennium Challenge\u00a0\u2013 tedy \u017ee \u0161lo o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravu na skute\u010dn\u00fd konflikt a\u00a0nikoliv hru, kterou m\u016f\u017eeme proch\u00e1zet st\u00e1le dokola, dokud nevyzrajeme na jej\u00ed pravidla.<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo nen\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e1zi, \u017ee n\u011bkdo n\u011bco bere \u201ejako hru\u201c, v\u011bt\u0161inou ch\u00e1peme jako metaforu. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk si neuv\u011bdomuje n\u00e1sledky sv\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a\u00a0spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na privilegia, d\u00edky nim\u017e se mu nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee nic z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho st\u00e1t. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edc ji ale m\u016f\u017eeme aplikovat tak\u00e9 jako v\u011bcn\u00fd popis situace\u00a0\u2013 \u0159ada lid\u00ed odkojen\u00fdch u\u00a0obrazovek hern\u00edch konzol\u00ed toti\u017e podv\u011bdom\u011b \u010di zcela p\u0159iznan\u011b operuje s\u00a0p\u0159edstavou, \u017ee st\u00e1t \u010di firmu lze \u201ehr\u00e1t\u201c stejn\u011b jako Call of Duty nebo Warcraft.<\/p>\n

Pokud by v\u00e1m tato teorie p\u0159i\u0161la p\u0159ita\u017een\u00e1 za vlasy, sta\u010d\u00ed se ohl\u00e9dnout za kr\u00e1tkou \u00e9rou Elona Muska v\u00a0\u010dele americk\u00e9 polovl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentury DOGE, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla z\u00e1sadn\u011b ze\u0161t\u00edhlit st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu. Pomp\u00e9zn\u011b odstartovan\u00fd projekt se za\u010dal rychle hroutit, ale a\u017e te\u010f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pomalu vyl\u00e9zat na sv\u011btlo, o\u00a0jak amat\u00e9rskou klauni\u00e1du \u0161lo.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Kauzu DOGE mapuje i\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 expoz\u00e9<\/a>, kter\u00e9 sepsali Ben Tarnoff a\u00a0Quinn Slobodian pro Guardian. Jejich text stoj\u00ed za p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed u\u017e jen kv\u016fli studiu r\u00e9toriky, kterou Musk p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed DOGE pou\u017e\u00edval. St\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu cht\u011bl gamifikovat, a\u00a0pokud to n\u011bkdo bral jako \u0159e\u010dnick\u00fd obrat, Musk jej rychle vyvedl z\u00a0omylu. Posedlost videohern\u00ed a\u00a0obecn\u011b program\u00e1torskou logikou posunul na dosud nev\u00eddanou \u00farove\u0148, tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e level. Tvrdil, \u017ee se spolu se sv\u00fdmi sotva zletil\u00fdmi pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebuje dostat do j\u00e1dra k\u00f3du (jako by snad \u00fa\u0159ady byly kus softwaru), aby mohli p\u0159epsat pravidla zevnit\u0159\u00a0\u2013 stejn\u011b, jako by zkou\u0161eli vyzr\u00e1t na slo\u017eitou hru.<\/p>\n

Aby se to povedlo, pot\u0159ebovali tot\u00e1ln\u00ed dohled nad st\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm apar\u00e1tem\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0gamersk\u00e9 terminologii tedy god mode. Musk do\u0161el k\u00a0n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee chybami (bugs) ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm \u201ek\u00f3du\u201c jsou lid\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed migranti. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 empatie s\u00a0nimi je jen d\u00edrou (exploit), kterou lze st\u00e1t vyko\u0159is\u0165ovat, a\u00a0proto ji je pot\u0159eba zalepit jako p\u0159i boji s\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi viry. A\u00a0aby hr\u00e1\u010dsk\u00e9ho \u017eargonu nebylo m\u00e1lo, manick\u00fd technobaron svou kampa\u0148 \u0161krt\u016f a\u00a0vyhazov\u016f ozna\u010doval za speedrun\u00a0\u2013 tedy taktiku nejrychlej\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fchodu videohrou, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00edry a\u00a0kli\u010dky v\u00a0hern\u00edch mechanismech.<\/p>\n

Toto maz\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi hran\u00edm a\u00a0politikou, speedrunem a\u00a0st\u00e1tnictv\u00edm, ozna\u010duj\u00ed auto\u0159i anal\u00fdzy za typick\u00fd projev politick\u00e9 ideologie \u201emuskismu\u201c. Ta sice na prvn\u00ed pohled m\u016f\u017ee vypadat efektivn\u011b, ale nakonec za\u010dne z\u00e1konit\u011b kolabovat, proto\u017ee m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed reality s\u00a0fantazi\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00e1s nikdy schopn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edka neud\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Musk i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i Silicon Valley miluj\u00ed patafyzick\u00e9 teorie o\u00a0tom, \u017ee \u017eijeme v\u00a0simulaci a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou jen virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi st\u00edny, na kter\u00e9 nemus\u00edme br\u00e1t velk\u00fd ohled, proto\u017ee nejsou skute\u010dn\u00ed. A\u00a0Muskova pom\u00fdlenost se projevila i\u00a0ve chv\u00edli, kdy cht\u011bl sv\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed obh\u00e1jit a\u00a0vy\u0161perkovat trochou nerdsk\u00e9 mytologie.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Odkazoval se na zn\u00e1mou sc\u00e9nu ze sv\u011bta Star Treku, kde mus\u00ed kapit\u00e1n Kirk usp\u011bt ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 simulaci nazvan\u00e9 Kobayashi Maru. Ta je navr\u017eena tak, aby v\u00a0n\u00ed ne\u0161lo zv\u00edt\u011bzit, co\u017e ov\u0161em Kirka neodrad\u00ed a\u00a0nakonec na simulaci vyzraje tak, \u017ee drze p\u0159eprogramuje jej\u00ed pravidla.<\/p>\n

Musk se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b stylizoval do role vychytral\u00e9ho sci-fi hrdiny a\u00a0nazna\u010doval, \u017ee stejn\u011b chce hacknout nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed pravidla st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. T\u00edm ov\u0161em dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou filmovou sc\u00e9nu v\u016fbec nepochopil. Kobayashi Maru m\u011bla otestovat mor\u00e1lku hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch kadet\u016f tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159 nevyhnuteln\u00e9 smrti a\u00a0por\u00e1\u017ece, co\u017e ov\u0161em Kirk ani Musk nedok\u00e1zali, proto\u017ee nepochopili, \u017ee jde o\u00a0simulaci re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a\u00a0nikoliv samo\u00fa\u010delnou hru pro hru\u00a0\u2013 Musk selhal stejn\u011b, jako zmi\u0148ovan\u00ed gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 p\u0159i cvi\u010den\u00ed Millennium Challenge.<\/p>\n

Pa\u0159it st\u00e1t jako Sim City<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00faskal\u00ed videohern\u00ed logiky, kterou p\u0159ej\u00edmaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 Muskova typu, le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee re\u00e1ln\u00fd sv\u011bt nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jasn\u00e1 pravidla, podle kter\u00fdch bychom mohli s\u00a0jistotou pl\u00e1novat dopady slo\u017eit\u00fdch proces\u016f a\u00a0v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby tato pravidla obch\u00e1zet \u010di m\u011bnit.<\/p>\n

Vedle toho je tu ale je\u0161t\u011b druh\u00e1 \u201ehr\u00e1\u010dsk\u00e1\u201c iluze\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edstava, \u017ee st\u00e1t \u010di firmu m\u016f\u017ee jeden l\u00eddr suver\u00e9nn\u011b ovl\u00e1dat stejn\u011b, jako by to d\u011blal ve strategick\u00e9 h\u0159e. To v\u00a0realit\u011b pochopiteln\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, a\u00a0nelze se proto divit, \u017ee mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 sny technobaron\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed i\u00a0projekty budov\u00e1n\u00ed utopick\u00fdch m\u011bst budoucnosti, kde bude v\u0161e fungovat tak, jak si zamanou.<\/p>\n

Publicistka Celine Nguyen to p\u0159ed \u010dasem v\u00a0zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 eseji<\/a> vystihla konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee cht\u011bj\u00ed m\u011bsta i\u00a0st\u00e1t \u0159\u00eddit jako v\u00a0popul\u00e1rn\u00ed h\u0159e Sim City, kde m\u00e1te za \u00fakol budovat a\u00a0\u0159\u00eddit fiktivn\u00ed metropoli. Hra m\u00e1 ov\u0161em velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 pravidla a\u00a0slavn\u00fd design\u00e9r Will Wright (nikoliv n\u00e1hodou tak\u00e9 autor popul\u00e1rn\u00edch Sims) ji kdysi navrhl podle d\u00e1vno p\u0159ekonan\u00fdch urbanistick\u00fdch teori\u00ed ze 60.\u00a0let, kter\u00e9 spol\u00e9haly na to, \u017ee o\u00a0m\u011bstech budoucnosti budou m\u00edt jejich l\u00edd\u0159i dokonal\u00fd p\u0159ehled a\u00a0informace.<\/p>\n

Proto se tak\u00e9 tit\u00e1ni technologick\u00e9ho sektoru i\u00a0jejich politi\u010dt\u00ed spojenci \u00faporn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed posilovat v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161pehovac\u00ed apar\u00e1t, ale i\u00a0to je nakonec marn\u00e1 snaha. Nguyen v\u00a0tomto kontextu upozor\u0148uje na knihu americk\u00e9ho politologa Jamese C. Scotta Seeing Like a\u00a0State<\/a>. Scott v\u00a0n\u00ed popsal, jak modern\u00ed st\u00e1ty a\u00a0politici usiluj\u00ed o\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ehled nad ve\u0161ker\u00fdm d\u011bn\u00edm, ale v\u017edy nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na \u010detn\u00e1 zkreslen\u00ed a\u00a0slep\u00e9 skvrny, kter\u00e9 nemohou okem st\u00e1tn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu zaznamenat. Ve videoh\u0159e tento probl\u00e9m neexistuje, ale v\u00a0realit\u011b se Musk ke sv\u00e9mu god mode nemohl nikdy dobrat.<\/p>\n

A i\u00a0kdyby snad p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd l\u00eddr skute\u010dn\u011b byl zcela v\u0161evidouc\u00ed, po\u0159\u00e1d v\u00a0\u201ehern\u00edm\u201c \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed reality sel\u017ee, proto\u017ee st\u00e1t nebo firma nejsou roboti. Bloger Brett Scott v\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti trefn\u011b podot\u00fdk\u00e1<\/a>, \u017ee zku\u0161en\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9 ob\u0159\u00edch korporac\u00ed v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich pokyny budou postupn\u011b zkomoleny p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu dal\u0161\u00edmi vrstvami managementu a\u00a0v jejich podniku se d\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bci, o\u00a0kter\u00fdch nemaj\u00ed tu\u0161en\u00ed. Cel\u00fd slo\u017eit\u00fd mechanismus je tak pot\u0159eba sp\u00ed\u0161e opatrn\u011b opravovat a\u00a0postrkovat vp\u0159ed, nikoliv do n\u011bj sekat brut\u00e1ln\u00edmi reformami.<\/p>\n

Trump ani Musk ov\u0161em do t\u00e9to kategorie mana\u017eer\u016f rozhodn\u011b nepat\u0159\u00ed. Zemi \u010di firmu ch\u00e1pou jako lehce ovladateln\u00fd stroj a\u00a0fr\u00e1zi \u201est\u00e1t jsem j\u00e1\u201c si na rozd\u00edl od Ludv\u00edka XIV. p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zcela doslovn\u011b. U\u00a0Trumpa, kter\u00fd nejsp\u00ed\u0161 \u017e\u00e1dnou videohru v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b nevid\u011bl, m\u016f\u017eeme tento blud p\u0159isoudit p\u0159ebujel\u00e9mu egu a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm vad\u00e1m charakteru, ale u\u00a0Muska se k\u00a0tomu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 videohern\u00ed logika. A\u00a0pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me do \u0159ad je\u0161t\u011b mlad\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed, tento efekt se d\u00e1l n\u00e1sob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak se neu\u010dit o\u00a0historii<\/p>\n

U mnoha mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed nejde jen o\u00a0abstraktn\u00ed principy hr\u00e1\u010dsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 hry pro n\u011b nav\u00edc \u010dasto byly i\u00a0zcela praktickou a\u00a0doslovnou u\u010debnic\u00ed o\u00a0fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0historii sv\u011bta. \u010cas b\u011b\u017e\u00ed, a\u00a0tak se te\u010f u\u017e nebav\u00edme o\u00a0teenagerech, ale o\u00a0lidech, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto vystoupali do relevantn\u00edch pozic ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm apar\u00e1tu, kde za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u00e1chat \u0161kody.<\/p>\n

Pokud hr\u00e1\u010dsk\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m nev\u011bnujeme hlub\u0161\u00ed pozornost, m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1m to p\u0159ipadat jako okrajov\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ale p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pohledu se odhal\u00ed jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 rozm\u011bry. Dob\u0159e to popisuje bloger Joshua A. Cohen<\/a>, kter\u00fd je celo\u017eivotn\u00edm fanou\u0161kem komplexn\u00edch strategick\u00fdch her od \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho studia Paradox Interactive. Crusader Kings, Hearts of Iron nebo Europa Universalis jsou bezesporu poveden\u00e1 a\u00a0pr\u00e1vem oce\u0148ovan\u00e1 d\u00edla (s\u00e1m jsem u\u00a0nich zabil nep\u011bkn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bje \u010dasu), ale nikoliv vlastn\u00ed vinou \u010dasem z\u00edskaly i\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 negativn\u00ed konotace.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Crusader Kings II v\u00a0roce 2012 (hru si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159edstavit jako kombinaci slo\u017eit\u00e9 strategie a\u00a0feud\u00e1ln\u00edch Sims z\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Evropy) se staly tituly od Paradoxu popul\u00e1rn\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi stoupenci radik\u00e1ln\u00ed pravice, kte\u0159\u00ed si jejich prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm za\u010dali formovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na historii a\u00a0fungov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee videohern\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee historii sv\u011bta simulovat jen velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u011b. Mus\u00ed se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddit sv\u00fdmi specifick\u00fdmi pravidly, nikoliv re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi historick\u00fdmi mechanismy, a\u00a0je tak jen velmi mizernou u\u010debnic\u00ed d\u011bjepisu.<\/p>\n

Cohen popisuje \u0159adu smutn\u011b ironick\u00fdch situac\u00ed, kdy nap\u0159. hr\u00e1\u010di v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00a0dresu k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f bojovali proti muslimsk\u00fdm v\u016fdc\u016fm jen proto, \u017ee mo\u017enost hr\u00e1t za opa\u010dn\u00fd t\u00fdm byla za p\u0159\u00edplatek, nebo z\u00edskali primitivn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0fungov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky, kterou nelze v\u011brn\u011b simulovat bez ztr\u00e1ty hratelnosti. A\u00a0i kdy\u017e by n\u011bkdo mohl nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee kluci podl\u00e9hali eskapistick\u00e9mu sn\u011bn\u00ed u\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch film\u016f nebo \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch thriller\u016f odjak\u017eiva, videohry tu maj\u00ed zcela jin\u00fd dopad\u00a0\u2013 ocit\u00e1me se v\u00a0nich v\u00a0roli aktivn\u00edho hybatele v\u011bc\u00ed ve fik\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, co\u017e se do psychiky prop\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edc ne\u017e pasivn\u00ed fantaz\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0kari\u00e9\u0159e Jamese Bonda.<\/p>\n

Hry od mal\u00e9ho \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho studia tak postupn\u011b z\u00edskaly netu\u0161en\u00fd kulturn\u00ed vliv. Cohen si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ek\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e1\u201c estetika za\u010dala u\u00a0mlad\u00e9 radik\u00e1ln\u00ed pravice rychle nab\u00fdvat na popularit\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b po roce 2012, a\u00a0nakonec do\u0161lo i\u00a0k zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m re\u00e1ln\u00fdch politick\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f. Zat\u00edmco star\u0161\u00ed generace na pravici tradi\u010dn\u011b bojovaly proti siln\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu, mlad\u00ed stoupenci tzv. alt right naopak siln\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed apar\u00e1t miluj\u00ed, a\u00a0do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno i\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0hern\u00edch sv\u011btech vyr\u016fstali v\u00a0roli v\u0161emocn\u00fdch l\u00eddr\u016f \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0arm\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 je poslouchaj\u00ed na slovo.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di z\u00a0\u0159ad americk\u00fdch republik\u00e1n\u016f te\u010f stoupaj\u00ed patry Trumpovy administrativy. Podle Cohena \u0159ada z\u00a0nich p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee o\u00a0spoust\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edch region\u016f a\u00a0historick\u00fdch etap se poprv\u00e9 doslechli pr\u00e1v\u011b ve strategick\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch. V\u00a0hlav\u00e1ch se jim to\u010d\u00ed stereotypy vynucen\u00e9 hern\u00ed logikou (ital\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci maj\u00ed v\u017edy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mor\u00e1lku a\u00a0Britov\u00e9 zase kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lod\u011b). V\u00e1lky si p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jako posouv\u00e1n\u00ed figurek po map\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159edstav\u011b, \u017ee sv\u011bt, st\u00e1t \u010di firma jsou stabiln\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a\u00a0d\u011bjiny se m\u011bn\u00ed jen skrze \u201evelk\u00e9 mu\u017ee\u201c, tedy p\u0159enesen\u011b i\u00a0doslovn\u011b hr\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n

Na nedostatek znalost\u00ed o\u00a0historii a\u00a0fungov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta je celkem jednoduch\u00fd l\u00e9k\u00a0\u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed si sem tam p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst knihu nebo dokonce vystudovat \u0161kolu a\u00a0nebrat strategick\u00e9 hry jako n\u00e1hradu vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Zbavit se obecn\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010dsk\u00e9 logiky je ale mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek.<\/p>\n

Je to syndrom, kter\u00fd nehroz\u00ed jen fanou\u0161k\u016fm videoher, ale ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo to trochu p\u0159e\u017eene se syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm<\/a> a\u00a0i p\u0159es nedostatek informac\u00ed za\u010dne vid\u011bt jasnou logiku p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a\u00a0n\u00e1sledku tam, kde je ve skute\u010dnosti \u010dasto jen nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd chaos. Proto je pot\u0159eba neztr\u00e1cet ze z\u0159etele, \u017ee \u010diteln\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 lze obehr\u00e1t, nemaj\u00ed ani mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy, nato\u017e glob\u00e1ln\u00ed politika a\u00a0byznys.<\/p>\n

Pokud u\u017e n\u011bjak\u00e9 mantinely a\u00a0principy existuj\u00ed, nejsp\u00ed\u0161 maj\u00ed sv\u016fj dobr\u00fd d\u016fvod a\u00a0jejich prolomen\u00ed \u010di o\u0161izen\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee \u0161kared\u011b vymst\u00edt. O\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nikdy nebudeme m\u00edt dokonal\u00fd p\u0159ehled, a\u00a0u\u017e v\u016fbec v\u00a0n\u011bm nem\u016f\u017eeme dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b kontroly, jako to jde na obrazovce po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Realita nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e co schematick\u00e9 fik\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011bty fantasy rom\u00e1n\u016f<\/a>, lid\u00e9 nejsou mechanicky funguj\u00edc\u00ed postavy z\u00a0RPG her<\/a>, spole\u010dnost nelze programovat jako novou mobiln\u00ed aplikaci.<\/p>\n

A kdy\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm na\u0161ich blud\u016f a\u00a0zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159edstav zp\u016fsob\u00edme pr\u016f\u0161vih, v\u011bt\u0161inou to n\u011bkdo tragicky a\u00a0nen\u00e1vratn\u011b odnese, proto\u017ee v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nejde jen tak nahr\u00e1t p\u0159edchoz\u00ed ulo\u017eenou pozici a\u00a0pokusit se na pravidla vyzr\u00e1t znovu. Lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed te\u010f v\u00a0B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b a\u00a0Pentagonu zoufale hledaj\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtka Load\/Save, to bohu\u017eel do\u0161lo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pokud se v\u00e1m uk\u00e1zka z\u00a0newsletteru Pod \u010darou l\u00edbila, p\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a>. Ka\u017edou sobotu ho dostanete p\u0159\u00edmo do va\u0161eho e-mailu, v\u010detn\u011b tip\u016f na dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed z\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch i\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V newsletteru Pod \u010darou popisuje ka\u017edou sobotu Matou\u0161 Hrdina spole\u010densk\u00e9 trendy, kter\u00e9 sice v\u00edd\u00e1me v\u0161ude kolem sebe, ale…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31459,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[212,461,79,6133,13582,223,3106,965,1451,80],"class_list":{"0":"post-31458","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zabava","8":"tag-donald-trump","9":"tag-elon-musk","10":"tag-entertainment","11":"tag-izraelsko-iransky-konflikt","12":"tag-ministerstvo-vladni-efektivity-doge","13":"tag-pocitacove-hry","14":"tag-pod-carou","15":"tag-strategie","16":"tag-videohry","17":"tag-zabava"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116268018138710093","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}