Na prvn\u00ed pohled je kosmos uk\u00e1zkov\u011b klidn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Galaxie sv\u00edt\u00ed, hv\u011bzdy spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b ho\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0fyzika dr\u017e\u00ed taktovku p\u0159esn\u011b jako metronom. Jen\u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, kter\u00fd si o\u00a0za\u010d\u00e1tku prostoro\u010dasu vypr\u00e1v\u00edme, se za\u010daly objevovat trhliny. V\u011bdci toti\u017e dlouho netu\u0161ili, co si po\u010d\u00edt s\u00a0jednou velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemnou v\u011bc\u00ed: se singularitou.<\/p>\n
To je ten bod \u201enekone\u010dna\u201c, kam v\u00a0rovnic\u00edch pad\u00e1 hmota i\u00a0fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony. Najdeme ho v\u00a0srdci \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br. A\u00a0najdeme ho i\u00a0na \u00fapln\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku na\u0161eho vesm\u00edru, kdy\u017e si d\u011bjinn\u00fd film p\u0159eto\u010d\u00edte zp\u00e1tky a\u017e na \u010das 0:00.\u00a0Matematika se v\u00a0tom bod\u011b hrout\u00ed. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b proto \u010d\u00e1st teoretik\u016f p\u0159i\u0161la s\u00a0my\u0161lenkou, kter\u00e1 zn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed poslech p\u0159ep\u00e1len\u011b, ale m\u00e1 ne\u010dekan\u00e9 \u201ematematick\u00e9 svaly\u201c: Co kdy\u017e n\u00e1\u0161 vesm\u00edr nevznikl v\u00fdbuchem z\u00a0ni\u010deho<\/a>, ale \u201eporodem\u201c uvnit\u0159 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00a0jin\u00e9m, mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edru?<\/p>\n V\u011bda m\u00e1 toti\u017e jednu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vlastnost: ob\u010das je t\u00edm nejrozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm ten nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1pad, kter\u00fd nejl\u00e9pe uklid\u00ed nepo\u0159\u00e1dek v\u00a0rovnic\u00edch.<\/p>\n Ryby, kter\u00e9 nevid\u00ed sklo<\/p>\n Tady ale nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na prvn\u00ed logick\u00fd h\u00e1\u010dek. Kdybychom skute\u010dn\u011b \u017eili uvnit\u0159 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, jak bychom to v\u016fbec mohli poznat? Nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u201eokno ven\u201c. Nem\u016f\u017eeme vystr\u010dit ruku za okraj vesm\u00edru, abychom si s\u00e1hli na st\u011bnu. Z\u00a0\u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry se z\u00a0principu nic nevrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n Je to podobn\u00e9, jako by se ryby v\u00a0hlubok\u00e9m akv\u00e1riu sna\u017eily dok\u00e1zat existenci ob\u00fdvac\u00edho pokoje. Vid\u00ed lomy sv\u011btla, c\u00edt\u00ed tlak vody\u2026 ale to, co je \u201evenku\u201c, pro n\u011b z\u016fstane nav\u017edy jen teoretick\u00e1 domn\u011bnka.<\/p>\n P\u0159esto existuj\u00ed stopy, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdce zneklid\u0148uj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0n\u00e1s ostatn\u00ed dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed:<\/p>\n Za\u010d\u00e1tek bez za\u010d\u00e1tku: Pro\u010d by m\u011bl vesm\u00edr startovat z bodu, kde fyzika p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 fungovat?Podivn\u00e9 shody: N\u011bkter\u00e9 modely nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee velk\u00e9 struktury v kosmu mohou n\u00e9st \u201eotisk\u201c sv\u00e9ho zrodu, podobn\u011b jako m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b rysy rodi\u010d\u016f.\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry jako tov\u00e1rny: M\u00edsto aby byly jen hroby hmoty, mohou b\u00fdt porodnicemi nov\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f.M\u00edsto drti\u010dky p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed trampol\u00edna<\/p>\n Jak ale obej\u00edt tu prokletou singularitu, kde se v\u0161echno zhrout\u00ed do nuly? Kl\u00ed\u010d se jmenuje Einstein-Cartanova teorie<\/a>. Nelekejte se n\u00e1zvu. Nejde o\u00a0pop\u0159en\u00ed Einsteina, ale o\u00a0jeho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Tato teorie p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 prostoru novou vlastnost, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 torze. P\u0159edstavte si ji jako mikroskopick\u00e9 \u201ezkroucen\u00ed\u201c prostoru.<\/p>\n P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee v\u00a0dlani v\u0161\u00ed silou ma\u010dk\u00e1te gumov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010dek. Tla\u010d\u00edte v\u00edc a\u00a0v\u00edc. \u010cekali byste, \u017ee se z\u00a0n\u011bj stane nekone\u010dn\u011b mal\u00e1 te\u010dka. Jen\u017ee m\u00ed\u010dek m\u00e1 v\u00a0sob\u011b skrytou vlastnost, kter\u00e1 se aktivuje a\u017e p\u0159i krajn\u00edm stisku\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0najednou za\u010dne tla\u010dit proti va\u0161\u00ed ruce. Ne proto, \u017ee jste p\u0159estali ma\u010dkat, ale proto\u017ee materi\u00e1l dos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho limitu a\u00a0chce se rozp\u00ednat.<\/p>\n Podle fyzika Nikodema Pop\u0142awsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch<\/a> se uvnit\u0159 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry d\u011bje p\u0159esn\u011b tohle. Hmotu z \u201evenkovn\u00edho\u201c vesm\u00edru drt\u00ed gravitace, dokud nenaraz\u00ed na torzn\u00ed limit. Pak n\u00e1sleduje odraz a\u00a0prudk\u00e9 rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro pozorovatele venku vznikla \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra. Pro n\u011bkoho \u201euvnit\u0159\u201c pr\u00e1v\u011b nastal Velk\u00fd t\u0159esk.<\/p>\n Matrjo\u0161ka, kterou (snad) p\u016fjde zm\u011b\u0159it<\/p>\n Tato teorie elegantn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d nevid\u00edme ven. Horizont ud\u00e1lost\u00ed funguje jako jednosm\u011brn\u00e1 br\u00e1na. Informace pad\u00e1 dovnit\u0159, ale ven se nedostane. Pro n\u00e1s je \u201erodi\u010dovsk\u00fd vesm\u00edr\u201c fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b od\u0159\u00edznut\u00fd.<\/p>\n Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, je to zat\u00edm jen kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 mapa k\u00a0pokladu, nikoliv poklad samotn\u00fd. V\u011bdci te\u010f hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak tuto teorii otestovat v\u00a0praxi. Hledaj\u00ed jemn\u00e9 stopy v\u00a0tom, jak se vesm\u00edr rozp\u00edn\u00e1, nebo zkoumaj\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny zachycen\u00e9 detektory LIGO, kter\u00e9 zn\u011bj\u00ed jako \u201eakordy na kosmick\u00e9m klav\u00edru\u201c a\u00a0prozrazuj\u00ed, co se d\u011bje p\u0159i sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br<\/a>. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jsou i\u00a0debaty o\u00a0temn\u00e9 energii. N\u011bkter\u00e9 nov\u00e9 studie<\/a>, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed data z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstroje DESI, nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee r\u016fst \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br a\u00a0rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru mohou b\u00fdt propojen\u00e9 v\u00edce, ne\u017e jsme si mysleli.<\/p>\n Pokud m\u00e1 tato my\u0161lenka p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, mus\u00ed ust\u00e1t tvrd\u00e1 data. Ale u\u017e te\u010f nab\u00edz\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bnu perspektivy. Vesm\u00edr mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt nekone\u010dn\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 matrjo\u0161ka, kde se v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e rod\u00ed nov\u00fd vesm\u00edr.<\/p>\n A\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b uvid\u00edte slavnou fotku \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, zkuste mal\u00fd ment\u00e1ln\u00ed experiment: P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee se ned\u00edv\u00e1te na konec v\u0161eho. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se d\u00edv\u00e1te na zav\u0159en\u00e9 dve\u0159e, za kter\u00fdmi se pr\u00e1v\u011b nadechuje \u00fapln\u011b nov\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n D\u00edky, \u017ee jste se vydali se mnou na tuhle cestu a\u017e na samotn\u00fd okraj fyziky! Pokud v\u00e1m dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdprava do vnit\u0159ku \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry zamotala hlavu v\u00a0tom nejlep\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu, budu moc vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd za drobnou finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu. Pom\u016f\u017ee mi to d\u00e1l pro v\u00e1s prozkoum\u00e1vat ty nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teorie o\u00a0na\u0161em vesm\u00edru. D\u011bkuju v\u00e1m!<\/p>\n Do\u010detli jste a\u017e sem? Podpo\u0159te autora libovolnou \u010d\u00e1stkou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na prvn\u00ed pohled je kosmos uk\u00e1zkov\u011b klidn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Galaxie sv\u00edt\u00ed, hv\u011bzdy spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b ho\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0fyzika dr\u017e\u00ed taktovku p\u0159esn\u011b jako…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3221,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2727,2726,74,73,78,75,77,76,2725,1540,2724],"class_list":{"0":"post-3220","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-astronomie","9":"tag-kosmos","10":"tag-science","11":"tag-science-technology","12":"tag-technika","13":"tag-technology","14":"tag-veda","15":"tag-veda-a-technika","16":"tag-velky-tresk","17":"tag-vesmir","18":"tag-vyzkum-vesmiru"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3220"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3220\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}