{"id":34183,"date":"2026-03-24T11:33:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T11:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/34183\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T11:33:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T11:33:09","slug":"vlada-slibuje-podporu-vyzkumu-urady-pak-na-firmy-zakleknou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/34183\/","title":{"rendered":"Vl\u00e1da slibuje podporu v\u00fdzkumu. \u00da\u0159ady pak na firmy \u201ezakleknou\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do roku 2030\u00a0m\u00e1 \u010cesko za c\u00edl dos\u00e1hnout t\u0159\u00ed procent HDP investovan\u00fdch do v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje. Zat\u00edm to ov\u0161em vypad\u00e1, \u017ee jde o\u00a0nere\u00e1ln\u00fd projekt. St\u00e1t nab\u00edz\u00ed firm\u00e1m \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fd da\u0148ov\u00fd odpo\u010det a\u017e 150\u00a0procent uznan\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Pro\u010d ho tedy vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b podnik\u016f? Firmy si st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed na nejasnost v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupu finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jejich odpo\u010dty smetou ze stolu.<\/p>\n

Po\u010det firem, kter\u00e9 si v\u00a0\u010cesku odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj (R&D) od z\u00e1kladu dan\u011b, v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech kles\u00e1. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2020\u00a0podalo p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edmto odpo\u010dtem 822\u00a0spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v\u00a0roce 2024\u00a0to bylo jen 725.\u00a0Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f je i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstup finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 odpo\u010dty na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj, a\u00a0to i\u00a0roky po jeho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho, aby posuzovaly, zda firma skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdzkum prov\u00e1d\u011bla, zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se na form\u00e1ln\u00ed nedostatky v\u00a0dokumentaci.<\/p>\n

Zmaten\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci<\/p>\n

Firma Prusa Research<\/a>, kter\u00e1 vyv\u00edj\u00ed 3D tisk\u00e1rny, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci odpo\u010dtu ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b uplat\u0148uje n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj zhruba ve v\u00fd\u0161i 40\u00a0milion\u016f korun. Samotn\u00fd da\u0148ov\u00fd odpo\u010det, tedy re\u00e1ln\u00e1 podpora od st\u00e1tu, pak p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8\u00a0milion\u016f korun. Celkov\u00e9 investice firmy do v\u00fdvoje jsou p\u0159itom n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eDa\u0148ov\u00e1 kontrola zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na odpo\u010det na podporu v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje je pro na\u0161i firmu \u010dasov\u011b i\u00a0organiza\u010dn\u011b velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nen\u00ed v\u017edy jasn\u00e9, jak\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 detailu je pro finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu pova\u017eov\u00e1na za dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy spolumajitel v\u00fdrobce 3D tisk\u00e1ren Prusa Research Ond\u0159ej Pr\u016f\u0161a.<\/p>\n

Chu\u0165 investovatPo\u010dty da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed k dani z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob, ve kter\u00fdch se vyskytoval odpo\u010det na v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj. V po\u010dtu da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed s uplatn\u011bn\u00fdm odpo\u010dtem lze pozorovat m\u00edrn\u011b klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend. Naopak celkov\u00fd objem uplatn\u011bn\u00fdch odpo\u010dt\u016f v posledn\u00edch letech sp\u00ed\u0161e nar\u016fst\u00e1.RokPo\u010det firemCelkov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka (v mld. K\u010d)202082211,15202182412,41202274816,12202373014,47202472517,49Zdroj: Finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va \u010cR.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost a\u00a0srozumiteln\u00e9 metodick\u00e9 veden\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9ho odpo\u010dtu by nejen n\u00e1s, ale i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 firmy motivovaly investovat do v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje mnohem v\u00edc, z\u00a0\u010deho\u017e by profitovala zejm\u00e9na \u010desk\u00e1 ekonomika,\u201c dodal. Podobn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti popisuj\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy oslovily, ale z\u00a0obavy p\u0159ed postihy finan\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu necht\u011bj\u00ed vystupovat ve\u0159ejn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016f\u0161a popisuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dilema, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e se v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 firmy pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed. Prusa Research vyv\u00edj\u00ed sv\u00e9 tisk\u00e1rny kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se d\u00edky 3D tisku d\u011blaj\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bny prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden a\u00a0spousta d\u00edl\u016f je spole\u010dn\u00fdch. Z\u00a0pohledu firmy proto nejde o\u00a0samostatn\u00e9 projekty s\u00a0pevn\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem a\u00a0koncem, ale o\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ji\u017e st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va by ale podle n\u011bj preferovala des\u00edtky odd\u011blen\u00fdch projekt\u016f s\u00a0vlastn\u00edmi n\u00e1kladov\u00fdmi st\u0159edisky a\u00a0v\u00fdkazy pr\u00e1ce. \u201ePoka\u017ed\u00e9, a\u0165 se pt\u00e1m kohokoliv, tak mi \u0159ekne trochu n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. A\u00a0praxe pr\u00fd nen\u00ed ust\u00e1len\u00e1 ani mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Pr\u016f\u0161a.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u016f\u0161ova zku\u0161enost nen\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00e1. Jedna soukrom\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed nov\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e1 si nep\u0159\u00e1la b\u00fdt jmenov\u00e1na kv\u016fli potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, ale sv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dolo\u017eit, popisuje je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad. V\u00a0roce 2019\u00a0pro\u0161la kontrolou bez jedin\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednky. Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161la druh\u00e1 kontrola o\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci za\u010dali zpochyb\u0148ovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, a\u010dkoli projekty byly sestaveny podle stejn\u00e9 metodiky.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1vou se u\u017e dva roky to\u010d\u00ed kolem ot\u00e1zky, zda firma v\u016fbec prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj. \u201eDva roky te\u010f \u0159e\u0161\u00edme s\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adem to, jestli v\u016fbec d\u011bl\u00e1me v\u011bdu a\u00a0v\u00fdzkum, co\u017e je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9. V\u017edycky to p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1m k\u00a0tomu, jako kdyby p\u0159i\u0161li do N\u00e1rodn\u00edho divadla a\u00a0zji\u0161\u0165ovali, jestli se tam hraje divadlo. Nebo do nemocnice, jestli se tam operuje a\u00a0l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed. Jim v\u016fbec nesta\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1me \u010dty\u0159icet celosv\u011btov\u00fdch patent\u016f a\u00a0publikaci v\u00a0Nature. Je to jako kdyby to nebylo,\u201c uvedl \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Firma kv\u016fli nejistot\u011b ohledn\u011b v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odlo\u017eila pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 investice, j\u00ed\u017e m\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u00e1kup pozemku i\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch kapacit.<\/p>\n

Se stejn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed i\u00a0jin\u00e9 firmy. V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 farmaceutick\u00e1 firma podle \u0159editele spolupracuje s\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi poradci, kte\u0159\u00ed velmi podobn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky od finan\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu (40str\u00e1nkov\u00fd dopis) dostali v\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 identick\u00e9 podob\u011b. \u201eJe to cyklostylovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Trochu upraven\u00fd a\u00a0aplikovan\u00fd na v\u00e1s,\u201c uvedl \u0159editel, co mu \u0159ekli najat\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Ho\u0159kosladk\u00fd konec m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh firmy Del z\u00a0Vyso\u010diny, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslovou automatizac\u00ed. Jej\u00ed projekt z\u00a0roku 2014\u00a0za\u010dala zkoumat finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va v\u00a0roce 2017.\u00a0N\u00e1sledn\u011b musel Del kv\u016fli form\u00e1ln\u00edm nedostatk\u016fm v\u00a0projektu zaplatit dom\u011b\u0159enou da\u0148 a\u00a0pen\u00e1le. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se firma za\u010dala soudit a\u00a0po letech spor\u016f v\u00a0roce 2024\u00a0vyhr\u00e1la a\u00a0dostala zp\u011bt celkem 22\u00a0milion\u016f korun. Pro firmu i\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ady to byly zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00e9f firmy Ji\u0159\u00ed Kabelka se nyn\u00ed anga\u017euje v\u00a0Druh\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 transformaci, aby se pravidla posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f narovnala a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va je mohla posuzovat podle jasn\u00fdch pravidel.<\/p>\n

Form\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fd probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee kontroly se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy nezab\u00fdvaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, zda firma skute\u010dn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bla v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj. \u00da\u0159edn\u00edci k\u00a0tomu \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed odbornou kvalifikaci a\u00a0soudy jim daly za pravdu, \u017ee pokud je pochyben\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektov\u00e9 dokumentace, lze odm\u00edtnout cel\u00fd odpo\u010det.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u0161ude sly\u0161\u00edme, jak se chceme stra\u0161n\u011b posouvat a\u00a0b\u00fdt l\u00edd\u0159i v\u00a0inovac\u00edch, ve v\u011bd\u011b a\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu. A\u00a0pak vid\u00edte b\u011b\u017enou realitu, kde \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci firmy kontroluj\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd inovace sp\u00ed\u0161 odrazuje. Kdo si odpo\u010det uplatn\u00ed, vystavuje se riziku da\u0148ov\u00e9 kontroly. A\u00a0to riziko je pro mnoh\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9,\u201c uvedla partnerka da\u0148ov\u00e9ho a\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed Deloitte Kate\u0159ina Novotn\u00e1, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 se syst\u00e9mem rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Jej\u00ed t\u00fdm pracuje pro v\u00edc ne\u017e 120\u00a0klient\u016f uplat\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch odpo\u010det a\u00a0ro\u010dn\u011b asistuje u\u00a0\u0159ady da\u0148ov\u00fdch kontrol.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee cel\u00fd odpo\u010det pad\u00e1 kv\u016fli form\u00e1ln\u00edm nedostatk\u016fm v\u00a0projektov\u00e9 dokumentaci: p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 stru\u010dn\u011b formulovan\u00e9 c\u00edle, nevhodn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 ohrani\u010den\u00ed projektu nebo nesrovnalosti ve v\u00fdkazech pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Novotn\u00e1 upozor\u0148uje na dal\u0161\u00ed absurditu syst\u00e9mu, kdy firmy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumentaci v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, p\u0159esto\u017ee jejich v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce je zdokumentov\u00e1na v\u00a0intern\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, n\u00e1kresech a\u00a0z\u00e1znamech ze sch\u016fzek. \u201eNap\u00ed\u0161ete c\u00edle, t\u0159eba n\u011bkolik odr\u00e1\u017eek, a\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk \u0159ekne: \u201aJ\u00e1 jsem to z\u00a0toho nepochopil, to je m\u00e1lo.\u2018 Pak to jde k\u00a0soudu a\u00a0ten rozhodne stejn\u011b, \u017ee c\u00edle byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 stru\u010dn\u00e9. A\u00a0kv\u016fli tomu v\u00e1m shod\u00ed cel\u00fd odpo\u010det, i\u00a0kdybyste m\u011bl nejsv\u011btov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum na sv\u011bt\u011b,\u201c popisuje Novotn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed roli p\u0159itom hraje Finan\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro Pardubick\u00fd kraj se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0\u00dast\u00ed nad Orlic\u00ed. Podle osloven\u00fdch da\u0148a\u0159\u016f se toto pracovi\u0161t\u011b fakticky pasovalo do role celost\u00e1tn\u00edho specialisty na R&D kontroly a\u00a0jezd\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159ovat firmy po cel\u00e9 republice, i\u00a0mimo svou m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost.<\/p>\n

V\u00fddaje na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0tuzemsku podle posledn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f statistik\u016f dos\u00e1hly v\u00a0roce 2024\u00a0celkem 146,9\u00a0miliardy korun, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 1,82\u00a0procenta HDP. P\u0159itom je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 2020\u00a0dosahoval tento pod\u00edl sv\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho maxima 1,95\u00a0procenta. Zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011br Evropsk\u00e9 unie se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech pohybuje kolem 2,3\u00a0procenta HDP a\u00a0N\u011bmecko s\u00a0Rakouskem p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed t\u0159i procenta. \u010cesko se tak od ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho c\u00edle 3\u00a0procent do roku 2030\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e vzdaluje. <\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161inu pen\u011bz investuj\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 firmy. St\u00e1t je sp\u00ed\u0161e popelkou. Ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtu vl\u00e1dy Andreje Babi\u0161e na leto\u0161n\u00ed rok se v\u00fddaje na v\u011bdu a\u00a0v\u00fdzkum zv\u00fd\u0161ily kosmeticky z\u00a051,5\u00a0miliardy korun v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0na aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch 52,5\u00a0miliardy korun pro leto\u0161n\u00ed rok.<\/p>\n

Drav\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna<\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va nebyla schopna poskytnout data, kolik kontrol zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na R&D odpo\u010det prob\u011bhlo a\u00a0kolik skon\u010dilo dom\u011brkem. Kontroly jsou podle spr\u00e1vy vedeny jako celek v\u00a0r\u00e1mci dan\u011b z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob a\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na odpo\u010det nelze zp\u011btn\u011b vy\u010dlenit.<\/p>\n

\u201ePokud poplatn\u00edk projektovou dokumentaci nevyhotov\u00ed v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky, nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vce dan\u011b povinen d\u00e1le posuzovat samotnou podstatu vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 \u010dinnosti,\u201c reagoval na dotazy Seznam Zpr\u00e1v mluv\u010d\u00ed Finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy Patrik Madle.<\/p>\n

Masivn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 subvence<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna investuje do R&D masivn\u00ed prost\u0159edky: odhadem 4,4\u00a0% sv\u00e9ho HDP, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobek jej\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu na obranu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ehled pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pob\u00eddek \u010cLR<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed strategie: C\u00edlem je dos\u00e1hnout glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dominance pomoc\u00ed dumpingov\u00fdch cen, \u010d\u00edm\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0vytla\u010den\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed konkurence a\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu: Certifikovan\u00e9 high-tech firmy plat\u00ed pouze 15 % m\u00edsto standardn\u00edch 25 %.Da\u0148ov\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdniny: V ur\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. \u0160en-\u010den) plat\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed od dan\u011b na 2 roky.DPH: Vr\u00e1cen\u00ed DPH u softwaru (efektivn\u00ed sazba jen 3 %) a neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed od DPH pro export.R&D superodpo\u010dty: Mo\u017enost ode\u010d\u00edst a\u017e 200 % n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdzkum z dan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed dotace<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 granty na v\u00fdzkum, n\u00e1kup vybaven\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed odm\u011bny pro firmy s presti\u017en\u00edmi tituly jako \u201eLittle Giants\u201c.Dotace na n\u00e1kup zbo\u017e\u00ed (nap\u0159. elektromobil\u016f) vypl\u00e1cen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00fdrobc\u016fm.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Netr\u017en\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky\u201c: St\u00e1tn\u00ed banky poskytuj\u00ed levn\u00e9 \u00fav\u011bry, kter\u00e9 neust\u00e1le prodlu\u017euj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e udr\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b neefektivn\u00ed \u201ezombie firmy\u201c.Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed nav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed fondy (GGFs): St\u00e1tn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l, kter\u00fd absorbuje rizika, je\u017e by b\u011b\u017en\u00fd trh nep\u0159ijal.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0Zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 vstupy a\u00a0infrastruktura<\/p>\n

Levn\u00e1 p\u016fda: Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pozemky jsou poskytov\u00e1ny se slevou 60 % a v\u00edce oproti tr\u017en\u00ed cen\u011b.Levn\u00e9 energie: Dotovan\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina a suroviny od st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f.Omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu ciz\u00edch firem na trh, nucen\u00e9 transfery technologi\u00ed a selektivn\u00ed (asymetrick\u00e9) vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va v neprosp\u011bch zahrani\u010dn\u00ed konkurence.<\/p>\n

Tuzemsk\u00e9 firmy p\u0159itom mus\u00ed bojovat se zahrani\u010dn\u00ed konkurenc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 podm\u00ednky v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nejagresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0nich, \u010c\u00edna, poskytuje firm\u00e1m superodpo\u010det ve v\u00fd\u0161i 200\u00a0procent n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj. Krom\u011b toho celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pob\u00eddek: \u00fav\u011bry od st\u00e1tn\u00edch bank, zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pozemky, dotovan\u00e9 energie a\u017e po nulov\u00e9 DPH na exportovan\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. Podle odhad\u016f Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho fondu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 dotace celkem p\u0159esahuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i procenta HDP.<\/p>\n

Podle Novotn\u00e9 z\u00a0Deloitte p\u0159itom dobr\u00e1 praxe jinde existuje. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kanadsk\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va firmy aktivn\u011b oslovuje a\u00a0pt\u00e1 se, pro\u010d odpo\u010det neuplatnily. V\u00a0\u010cesku je vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00e9: kdo si odpo\u010det n\u00e1rokuje, vystavuje se podez\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0da\u0148ov\u00e9 optimalizace.<\/p>\n

Neur\u010dit\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo financ\u00ed avizuje n\u011bkolik krok\u016f k\u00a0n\u00e1prav\u011b. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich m\u00e1 b\u00fdt u\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce Finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy s\u00a0Technologickou agenturou \u010cR, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla pomoci sjednotit p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bcn\u00e9 povahy projekt\u016f v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n

\u201eAbychom zajistili zcela jednotnou spr\u00e1vn\u00ed praxi v\u00a0r\u00e1mci finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d republikou i\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odbornou kvalifikaci pracovn\u00edk\u016f, problematika v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje je jednou z\u00a0oblast\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va buduje odbornou specializaci. K\u00a0jednotn\u00e9 praxi p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 i\u00a0syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed takto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f,\u201c uvedl mluv\u010d\u00ed Ministerstva financ\u00ed Michal \u017durovec.<\/p>\n

Tento postup navrhuje rovn\u011b\u017e iniciativa Druh\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 transformace, v\u00a0jej\u00edm\u017e r\u00e1mci jsou sdru\u017een\u00ed tuzem\u0161t\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 se z\u00e1m\u011brem p\u0159em\u011bnit \u010cesko na modern\u00ed st\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

Podle Druh\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 transformace klesl za posledn\u00edch osm let pod\u00edl firem uplat\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch odpo\u010dty na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj na polovinu, a\u00a0to p\u0159esto\u017ee po\u010det firem prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj roste. \u201eJe dokonce mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010cesku d\u011bl\u00e1me v\u00fdzkumu mnohem v\u00edce, ne\u017e firmy deklaruj\u00ed, jen proto\u017ee m\u00e1me nefunk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m odpo\u010dt\u016f,\u201c dodal mluv\u010d\u00ed Druh\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 transformace Adam Junek.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da z\u00e1rove\u0148 pl\u00e1nuje da\u0148ov\u00e9 odpo\u010dty na v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj celkov\u011b zatraktivnit a\u00a0podpo\u0159it investice s\u00a0vysokou p\u0159idanou hodnotou. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku m\u00e1 b\u00fdt i\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zdan\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z\u00a0patent\u016f alokovan\u00fdch v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. \u201eChceme, aby du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed i\u00a0s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 da\u0148ov\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy z\u016fst\u00e1valy doma,\u201c uvedl \u017durovec.<\/p>\n

Mluv\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va \u0159e\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy firmy do odpo\u010dtu zahrnuj\u00ed v\u00fddaje, kter\u00e9 s\u00a0v\u00fdzkumem a\u00a0v\u00fdvojem nesouvisej\u00ed. \u201eJe nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi vst\u0159\u00edcnost\u00ed a\u00a0zabezpe\u010den\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011bru dan\u00ed, bez kter\u00fdch by st\u00e1t p\u0159estal fungovat,\u201c dodal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Do roku 2030\u00a0m\u00e1 \u010cesko za c\u00edl dos\u00e1hnout t\u0159\u00ed procent HDP investovan\u00fdch do v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje. Zat\u00edm to ov\u0161em vypad\u00e1,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34184,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[266,43,42,41,40,5824,5274,803,4095,14385],"class_list":["post-34183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-andrej-babis","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-danovy-odpocet","tag-hospodarska-strategie","tag-vyvoj","tag-vyzkum","tag-vyzkum-a-vyvoj-rd"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116283939614767661","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34183\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}