{"id":34878,"date":"2026-03-25T06:52:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T06:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/34878\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T06:52:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T06:52:10","slug":"mozek-deti-se-prizpusobuje-chybejici-koncetine-uz-v-ranem-veku-pomohli-zjistit-vedci-z-cvut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/34878\/","title":{"rendered":"Mozek d\u011bt\u00ed se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kon\u010detin\u011b u\u017e v\u00a0ran\u00e9m v\u011bku, pomohli zjistit v\u011bdci z\u00a0\u010cVUT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oblast mozku, kter\u00e1 by za b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed reprezentovala ruku, nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 neaktivn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 m\u00edsto toho za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 reagovat na sign\u00e1ly z\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/p>\n

To pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i konstrukci humanoidn\u00edch robot\u016f l\u00e9pe pochopit, jak mozek \u0159\u00edd\u00ed t\u011blo i\u00a0jak se dan\u00e9 procesy vyv\u00edjej\u00ed. Lidsk\u00fd mozek toti\u017e obsahuje tzv. somatosenzorickou mapu t\u011bla, n\u011bkdy ozna\u010dovanou jako senzorick\u00fd homunkulus. Jde o\u00a0uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed oblast\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 k\u016fry, kter\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed dotek a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed smyslov\u00e9 informace z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dem k\u00a0pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto zm\u011bn je mechanismus naz\u00fdvan\u00fd homeostatick\u00e1 plasticita. \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd neuron v\u00a0mozku si do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry \u201ahl\u00edd\u00e1\u2018, aby byl aktivn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 aby dost\u00e1val p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vstupn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f. Kdy\u017e o\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 vstupy p\u0159ijde, za\u010dne zesilovat jin\u00e9, aby si tuto \u00farove\u0148 aktivity udr\u017eel,\u201c vysv\u011btluje v\u011bdec Mat\u011bj Hoffmann z\u00a0FEL \u010cVUT, kter\u00fd se \u00fa\u010dastnil experiment\u016f v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Pokud tedy neuron v\u00a0oblasti mozku ur\u010den\u00e9 pro ruku nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 sign\u00e1ly z\u00a0chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kon\u010detiny, za\u010dne zesilovat vstupy z\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0pa\u017ee, z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed nebo n\u011bkdy i\u00a0z obli\u010deje.<\/p>\n

\u201ePou\u017e\u00edvej, nebo ztrat\u00ed\u0161\u201c<\/p>\n

\u201eMozek tak vlastn\u011b aktivn\u011b hled\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1hu v\u00a0cel\u00e9 s\u00edti. Nejde jen o\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9 pravidlo \u201apou\u017e\u00edvej, nebo ztrat\u00ed\u0161 (use it or lose it)\u2018, ale o\u00a0komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus,\u201c dopl\u0148uje v\u011bdec Zden\u011bk Straka, Hoffman\u016fv kolega z\u00a0FEL \u010cVUT, kter\u00fd se na b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 pod\u00edlel.<\/p>\n

\u201eSomatosenzorick\u00e1 mapa je vlastn\u011b prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto v\u00a0mozku, kde se dotek objevuje. N\u00e1s ale zaj\u00edm\u00e1 i\u00a0to, jak se tyto informace propojuj\u00ed s\u00a0motorikou, vid\u011bn\u00edm a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi smysly\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed dotek a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed na to m\u00edsto s\u00e1hnout,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Mat\u011bj Hoffmann.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Zapojen\u00ed t\u00fdmu z\u00a0FEL \u010cVUT souvis\u00ed s\u00a0jejich dlouhodob\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem reprezentace t\u011bla a\u00a0hmatu v\u00a0mozku\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0tak\u00e9 v\u00a0robotick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u0159\u00edve vyv\u00edjeli model, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil humanoidn\u00edmu robotovi iCub vytvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed \u201emapu t\u011bla\u201c na z\u00e1klad\u011b dotykov\u00fdch podn\u011bt\u016f z\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eV robotice \u0159e\u0161\u00edme podobnou ot\u00e1zku: jak se syst\u00e9m nau\u010d\u00ed, kde na t\u011ble byl dotek, a\u00a0jak si vytvo\u0159\u00ed mapu vlastn\u00edho t\u011bla. Tyto principy jsou p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 tomu, co se d\u011bje v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m mozku,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Mat\u011bj Hoffmann.<\/p>\n

Humanoidn\u00ed robotika zkoum\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj stroj\u016f s\u00a0tvarem kop\u00edruj\u00edc\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad trup, hlava \u010di kon\u010detiny\u00a0\u2013, kter\u00e9 napodobuj\u00ed lidsk\u00fd vzhled, pohyb a\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it roboty schopn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u011b pracovat v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00edch uzp\u016fsoben\u00fdch lidem, rozum\u011bt p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu jazyku, vykon\u00e1vat \u00faklidov\u00e9 \u010di v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0imitovat lidskou mimiku.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Oblast mozku, kter\u00e1 by za b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed reprezentovala ruku, nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 neaktivn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 m\u00edsto toho za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 reagovat na sign\u00e1ly z\u00a0jin\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34879,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,8454,41,40,14601,8453,5869,99,1062,77],"class_list":{"0":"post-34878","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-ceska-republika","9":"tag-cesko","10":"tag-cvut","11":"tag-czech-republic","12":"tag-czechia","13":"tag-experimenty","14":"tag-fakulta-elektrotechnicka","15":"tag-mozek","16":"tag-praha","17":"tag-robot","18":"tag-veda"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116288497009073101","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}