![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/jack-nicholson-prelet-nad-kukaccim-hnizdem.jpeg\")
Foto: Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\nByl rok 1976\u00a0a\u00a0Hollywood slavil. P\u0159elet nad kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edm hn\u00edzdem pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00edskal v\u0161ech p\u011bt nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Oscar\u016f najednou, za nejlep\u0161\u00ed film, re\u017eii, hlavn\u00ed mu\u017eskou roli, hlavn\u00ed \u017eenskou roli a\u00a0sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, a\u00a0stal se teprve druh\u00fdm filmem v\u00a0historii, kter\u00e9mu se to poda\u0159ilo. Na p\u00f3diu st\u00e1l Milo\u0161 Forman, \u010cech s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edzvukem, emigrant z\u00a0komunistick\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska, \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u00e1r lety le\u017eel na posteli v\u00a0pokoji manhattansk\u00e9ho hotelu Chelsea a\u00a0nev\u011bd\u011bl, co bude d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Nikdo v\u00a0s\u00e1le tehdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 netu\u0161il, jak klikat\u00e1 a\u00a0absurdn\u00ed cesta k\u00a0tomuto triumfu vedla. St\u00e1l za n\u00ed cenzor na \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 hranici, jen\u017e zabavil bal\u00ed\u010dek s\u00a0knihou. Tak\u00e9 syn hollywoodsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, kter\u00fd netu\u0161il, \u017ee opakuje otc\u016fv \u010din. A\u00a0nakonec i\u00a0herec, jemu\u017e Forman nikdy \u00fapln\u011b neporozum\u011bl. O\u00a0Oscarech Forman v\u00a0rozhovoru pro americkou televizi \u0159ekl: \u201eJe to hra. M\u00e1 sv\u00e1 pravidla.\u201c<\/p>\n
Emigrant v\u00a0ciz\u00ed zemi<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e Forman v\u00a0roce 1968\u00a0natrvalo opustil \u010ceskoslovensko, neodch\u00e1zel jako sv\u011btov\u011b proslul\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r, ale jako uzn\u00e1van\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed filma\u0159, autor sn\u00edmk\u016f L\u00e1sky jedn\u00e9 plavovl\u00e1sky a\u00a0Ho\u0159\u00ed, m\u00e1 panenko. V\u00a0americk\u00e9m kontextu v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1val prakticky nezn\u00e1m\u00fd. Jeho prvn\u00ed americk\u00fd film Taking Off z\u00a0roku 1971\u00a0komer\u010dn\u011b neusp\u011bl, p\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00a0Evrop\u011b vzbudil respekt kritiky. Forman si z\u00e1hy uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee v\u00a0nov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed bude muset hledat jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob pr\u00e1ce, a\u00a0obr\u00e1til se k\u00a0filmov\u00fdm adaptac\u00edm literatury a\u00a0divadeln\u00edch her anglicky p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00edch autor\u016f. O\u00a0sv\u00fdch prvn\u00edch letech v\u00a0Americe \u0159ekl: \u201eNev\u00edm, jestli v\u011b\u0159\u00edm v\u00a0osud, ale rozhodn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edm ve \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\u201c Pr\u00e1v\u011b souhra n\u00e1hody a\u00a0okolnost\u00ed nakonec rozhodla o\u00a0tom, \u017ee se dostal k\u00a0projektu, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil jeho \u017eivot.<\/p>\n
Kniha zabaven\u00e1 na hranici<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00a0Praze roku 1962, kdy Kirk Douglas, tehdy jedna z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hollywoodsk\u00fdch hv\u011bzd, koupil pr\u00e1va na rom\u00e1n Kena Keseyho P\u0159elet nad kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edm hn\u00edzdem. Cht\u011bl z\u00a0n\u011bj ud\u011blat velk\u00fd hollywoodsk\u00fd film a\u00a0s\u00e1m v\u00a0n\u011bm hr\u00e1t hlavn\u00ed roli. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 studio ho ale necht\u011blo financovat. Anal\u00fdzy tehdy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee z\u00a0des\u00edtek film\u016f s\u00a0tematikou du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoci byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd jen jedin\u00fd. Douglas proto zvolil cestu divadla na Broadwayi, ale po \u010dty\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se hra p\u0159estala uv\u00e1d\u011bt. Div\u00e1ci jednodu\u0161e necht\u011bli sed\u011bt v\u00a0hledi\u0161ti a\u00a0d\u00edvat se na pacienty psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debny.<\/p>\n
V t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ijal Kirk Douglas pozv\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta Kennedyho na propaga\u010dn\u00ed turn\u00e9 komunistick\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. V\u00a0Praze mu na projekci uk\u00e1zali mimo jin\u00e9 Formanovy L\u00e1sky jedn\u00e9 plavovl\u00e1sky. Film ho zaujal natolik, \u017ee po projekci za mlad\u00fdm \u010desk\u00fdm re\u017eis\u00e9rem p\u0159i\u0161el a\u00a0\u0159ekl mu, \u017ee mu po\u0161le rom\u00e1n P\u0159elet nad kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edm hn\u00edzdem, na kter\u00fd u\u017e vlastnil filmov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Forman \u010dekal, \u017ee z\u00e1silka brzy doraz\u00ed. \u201e\u010cekal jsem ka\u017ed\u00fd den u\u00a0po\u0161tovn\u00ed schr\u00e1nky. Ta kniha nikdy nep\u0159i\u0161la.\u201c<\/p>\n
Nakonec p\u0159i\u0161la, ale o\u00a0deset let pozd\u011bji a\u00a0od jin\u00e9ho Douglase. Forman tehdy le\u017eel v\u00a0hotelov\u00e9m pokoji v\u00a0New Yorku, jeho prvn\u00ed americk\u00fd film propadl a\u00a0on nev\u011bd\u011bl, co bude d\u00e1l. P\u0159i\u0161la mu ob\u00e1lka od Michaela Douglase, Kirkova syna, kter\u00fd netu\u0161il, \u017ee jeho otec tut\u00e9\u017e knihu poslal u\u017e p\u0159ed deseti lety. Cenzura z\u00e1silku na hranic\u00edch zabavila a\u00a0neinformovala ani odes\u00edlatele, ani adres\u00e1ta. Forman rom\u00e1n p\u0159e\u010detl a\u00a0okam\u017eit\u011b v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee ho chce zfilmovat.<\/p>\n
Producenti jeho z\u00e1pal nech\u00e1pali, Forman v\u00a0tom ale nevid\u011bl jen liter\u00e1rn\u00ed adaptaci. V\u00a0jednom z\u00a0rozhovor\u016f k\u00a0tomu \u0159ekl: \u201ePro m\u011b to nebyla jen literatura, ale skute\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot, \u017eivot, kter\u00fd jsem \u017eil v\u00a0\u010ceskoslovensku od sv\u00e9ho narozen\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1932\u00a0a\u017e do roku 1968.\u00a0Komunistick\u00e1 strana byla moje sestra Ratched. \u0158\u00edkala mi, co sm\u00edm a\u00a0co nesm\u00edm d\u011blat, co sm\u00edm a\u00a0co nesm\u00edm \u0159\u00edkat, kam sm\u00edm a\u00a0kam nesm\u00edm j\u00edt, a\u00a0dokonce i\u00a0to, kdo jsem.\u201c
Konec rom\u00e1nu, kdy N\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk vytrhne umyvadlo, rozbije okno a\u00a0ute\u010de z\u00a0l\u00e9\u010debny, pro n\u011bj nebyl jen koncem p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. V\u00a0tu chv\u00edli v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee ten film mus\u00ed nato\u010dit.<\/p>\n
Studia ho ale financovat necht\u011bla. T\u00e9ma se zd\u00e1lo rizikov\u00e9, Forman nem\u011bl v\u00a0Hollywoodu jm\u00e9no a\u00a0cel\u00fd projekt vypadal jako n\u011bco, co se prost\u011b ned\u00e1 prodat. Michael Douglas a\u00a0producent Saul Zaentz to ale nevzdali. P\u016fvodn\u00ed rozpo\u010det dvou milion\u016f dolar\u016f museli obhajovat znovu pot\u00e9, co do projektu vstoupil herec, kv\u016fli n\u011bmu\u017e rozpo\u010det vzrostl na \u010dty\u0159i miliony. Zaentz spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rad\u011b p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed 51\u00a0procent studia, a\u00a0pen\u00edze na film prosadil. T\u00edm hercem byl Jack Nicholson.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1hada jm\u00e9nem Jack Nicholson<\/p>\n
Forman v\u011bd\u011bl od za\u010d\u00e1tku, \u017ee pro roli McMurphyho neexistuje jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost. \u201eNicholson byl jedinej jasnej p\u0159\u00edpad. N\u00e1hrada neexistovala.\u201c Nicholson se p\u0159itom o\u00a0rom\u00e1n zaj\u00edmal u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, ale tehdy pr\u00e1va nez\u00edskal a\u00a0k filmu se dostal a\u017e po letech. Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy se p\u0159\u00edpravy kone\u010dn\u011b rozb\u011bhly, za\u010dal nat\u00e1\u010det jin\u00fd film a\u00a0produkce na n\u011bj musela \u010dekat. Producenti proto poslali sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 Gene Hackmanovi a\u00a0Marlonu Brandovi, ale ani jeden neodpov\u011bd\u011bl. Forman trval na sv\u00e9m a\u00a0producenti nakonec ustoupili. Nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed za\u010dalo v\u00a0lednu 1975\u00a0v\u00a0Oregonu, p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0budov\u00e1ch psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debny Oregon State Hospital.<\/p>\n
Na place byl Nicholson podle Formana vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fd a\u00a0soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd. Pod povrchem ale panovalo nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 div\u00e1ci nevid\u011bli. Nicholson podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f \u0161t\u00e1bu ztratil d\u016fv\u011bru ve Formana pot\u00e9, co \u0159editel nemocnice re\u017eis\u00e9ra p\u0159ed cel\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1bem slovn\u011b napadl. Za\u010dal si svol\u00e1vat kolegy na ve\u010dern\u00ed zkou\u0161ky do sv\u00e9ho hotelov\u00e9ho pokoje a\u00a0prob\u00edral s\u00a0nimi sc\u00e9ny bez \u00fa\u010dasti re\u017eis\u00e9ra. Pot\u00e9 s\u00a0Formanem p\u0159estal komunikovat. Kameraman Bill Butler to pozd\u011bji potvrdil slovy: \u201eNicholson s\u00a0Milo\u0161em v\u016fbec nemluvil. Mluvil jen se mnou.\u201c Po ka\u017ed\u00e9m z\u00e1b\u011bru se m\u00edsto na Formana obracel na kameramana a\u00a0sledoval jeho reakci.<\/p>\n
Forman pracoval s\u00a0herci jinak, ne\u017e bylo v\u00a0Hollywoodu b\u011b\u017en\u00e9. \u201eNejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, aby v\u00e1m herec v\u011b\u0159il. A\u00a0pak s\u00a0n\u00edm nemluvit p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edc mluv\u00edte, t\u00edm v\u00edc ho zmatete.\u201c U\u00a0Nicholsona to ale bylo jin\u00e9. Herec si dr\u017eel odstup a\u00a0re\u017eis\u00e9r ho nikdy nedok\u00e1zal p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst. \u201eDodnes nev\u00edm, jestli je bl\u00e1zen, nebo ne,\u201c \u0159ekl o\u00a0n\u011bm Forman.<\/p>\n
Foto: Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n
Jack Nicholson a\u00a0tv\u016frci filmu P\u0159elet nad kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edm hn\u00edzdem s\u00a0Oscary – 1976.<\/p>\n
Film m\u011bl premi\u00e9ru v\u00a0listopadu 1975\u00a0a\u00a0rychle se stal fenom\u00e9nem. Kritici i\u00a0div\u00e1ci reagovali zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekvapil producenty i\u00a0samotn\u00e9ho Formana. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o\u00a0McMurphym a\u00a0Sest\u0159e Ratched p\u0159es\u00e1hl hranice prost\u0159ed\u00ed psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debny a\u00a0div\u00e1ci v\u00a0n\u011bm pozn\u00e1vali st\u0159et jednotlivce se syst\u00e9mem. Na oscarov\u00e9m ve\u010deru v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 1976\u00a0film z\u00edskal p\u011bt so\u0161ek najednou. Nicholson z\u00edskal Oscara za nejlep\u0161\u00edho herce, Louise Fletcherov\u00e1 za nejlep\u0161\u00ed here\u010dku, Forman za nejlep\u0161\u00ed re\u017eii, film za nejlep\u0161\u00ed sn\u00edmek roku a\u00a0sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 za nejlep\u0161\u00ed adaptaci. P\u0159edt\u00edm se to poda\u0159ilo jen jednou, v\u00a0roce 1934\u00a0filmu Stalo se jedn\u00e9 noci.<\/p>\n
Forman, mu\u017e, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b o\u00a0n\u011bkolik let d\u0159\u00edve le\u017eel v\u00a0hotelov\u00e9m pokoji v\u00a0New Yorku a\u00a0nev\u011bd\u011bl, co bude d\u00e1l, st\u00e1l na p\u00f3diu jako dr\u017eitel Oscara za nejlep\u0161\u00ed re\u017eii. Jack Nicholson mu z\u016fstal z\u00e1hadou a\u017e do konce \u017eivota, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 st\u00e1l u\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho triumfu jeho kari\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Byl rok 1976\u00a0a\u00a0Hollywood slavil. P\u0159elet nad kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edm hn\u00edzdem pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00edskal v\u0161ech p\u011bt nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Oscar\u016f najednou, za nejlep\u0161\u00ed film,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3547,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[14],"tags":[79,124,2920,2919,80],"class_list":["post-3546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zabava","tag-entertainment","tag-hollywood","tag-jack-nicholson","tag-milos-forman","tag-zabava"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3546"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3546\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}