{"id":38868,"date":"2026-03-29T06:38:16","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T06:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/38868\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T06:38:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T06:38:16","slug":"cmelaci-dokazou-dychat-pod-vodou-zjistila-studie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/38868\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cmel\u00e1ci dok\u00e1\u017eou d\u00fdchat pod vodou, zjistila studie"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cmel\u00e1k druhu Bombus impatiens pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druh\u016fm \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Severn\u00ed Ameriky. Vyskytuje se v\u00a0m\u00edrn\u011b lesnat\u00fdch oblastech Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, ji\u017en\u00ed Kanady i\u00a0v oblasti Velk\u00fdch planin mezi Skalnat\u00fdmi horami a\u00a0\u0159ekou Mississippi.<\/p>\n

Tento druh je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm opylova\u010dem a\u00a0\u010dasto se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i\u00a0pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. Zimu p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze kr\u00e1lovna, kter\u00e1 se zahrab\u00e1v\u00e1 do p\u016fdy a\u00a0vstupuje do diapauzy (zpomalen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch pochod\u016f organismu). Pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vystavena riziku zaplaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V roce 2024\u00a0byla publikov\u00e1na studie<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala schopnost\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1\u010d\u00edch kr\u00e1loven p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt zaplaven\u00ed b\u011bhem diapauzy. Kr\u00e1lovny byly uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch v\u00a0chladic\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed simuluj\u00edc\u00edm zimn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e b\u011bhem experimentu do\u0161lo ne\u00famysln\u011b k\u00a0zatopen\u00ed jejich n\u00e1dob. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

K p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu ale kr\u00e1lovny tuto \u201epotopu\u201c p\u0159e\u017eily i\u00a0po v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u00fddnu str\u00e1ven\u00e9m pod vodou. To vedlo k\u00a0formulaci nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: \u0160lo o\u00a0n\u00e1hodu, nebo disponuj\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lovny skute\u010dnou schopnost\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt pono\u0159en\u00e9 ve vod\u011b?<\/p>\n

Jak \u010dmel\u00e1\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lovny d\u00fdchaj\u00ed pod vodou<\/p>\n

Dosud v\u0161ak nebylo jasn\u00e9, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se jim to poda\u0159ilo. Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 tento m\u011bs\u00edc ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/a> tak ukazuje, \u017ee kr\u00e1lovny jsou schopny do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00edsk\u00e1vat kysl\u00edk z\u00a0okoln\u00ed vody, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje pod vodou omezen\u011b d\u00fdchat.<\/p>\n

Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed web Science Alert<\/a>, b\u011bhem diapauzy \u010dmel\u00e1\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lovny nezastavuj\u00ed sv\u016fj metabolismus \u00fapln\u011b, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011b ho zpomaluj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do stavu tzv. hlubok\u00e9ho \u00fatlumu metabolismu. D\u00edky tomu maj\u00ed velmi n\u00edzkou spot\u0159ebu kysl\u00edku a\u00a0mohou pod vodou omezen\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat kysl\u00edk z\u00a0okoln\u00ed vody. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i\u00a0anaerobn\u00ed metabolismus, tedy z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie bez p\u0159\u00edstupu kysl\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Foto: Charles A. Darveau<\/p>\n

\u010cmel\u00e1\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1lovna pono\u0159en\u00e1 ve vod\u011b v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

V laboratorn\u00edch experimentech v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm pracoval s\u00a0des\u00edtkami \u010dmel\u00e1\u010d\u00edch kr\u00e1loven v\u00a0zimn\u00ed diapauze, kter\u00e9 byly um\u00edst\u011bny do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed komory (respirometru). Ta byla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zapln\u011bna studenou vodou, aby byly kr\u00e1lovny zcela pono\u0159eny, zat\u00edmco nad hladinou z\u016fst\u00e1val vzduch, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat uvol\u0148ovan\u00fd oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tento syst\u00e9m umo\u017enil sledovat v\u00fdm\u011bnu plyn\u016f jak ve vod\u011b, tak ve vzduchu nad jej\u00ed hladinou.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee zat\u00edmco mno\u017estv\u00ed kysl\u00edku ve vod\u011b postupn\u011b klesalo, oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd byl nad\u00e1le produkov\u00e1n. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee kr\u00e1lovny byly schopny pod vodou omezen\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmat kysl\u00edk a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 vylu\u010dovat oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Metabolismus kr\u00e1loven byl p\u0159itom sn\u00ed\u017een na minimum nezbytn\u00e9 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. U\u017e samotn\u00e1 diapauza sni\u017euje metabolickou aktivitu o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 95\u00a0procent, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pono\u0159en\u00ed ji je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le utlumuje. Tento pokles je patrn\u00fd i\u00a0z produkce oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1 postupn\u011b kles\u00e1 a\u00a0z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 i\u00a0po n\u011bkolika dnech pod vodou.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky kombinaci t\u011bchto proces\u016f mohou kr\u00e1lovny p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat zaplaven\u00ed, proto\u017ee si udr\u017euj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzkou spot\u0159ebu energie a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 omezen\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed kysl\u00edk z\u00a0okoln\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u00fd mechanismus tohoto \u201epodvodn\u00edho d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zcela objasn\u011bn. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee by mohlo j\u00edt o\u00a0tzv. fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017e\u00e1bry, tedy tenkou vrstvu vzduchu na povrchu t\u011bla, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdm\u011bnu plyn\u016f s\u00a0okoln\u00ed vodou. Tuto hypot\u00e9zu v\u0161ak bude je\u0161t\u011b nutn\u00e9 potvrdit.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odhaluj\u00ed pozoruhodnou strategii tolerance v\u016f\u010di z\u00e1plav\u00e1m a\u00a0poskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed limit\u016f, mechanism\u016f a\u00a0ekologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pod vodou u\u00a0suchozemsk\u00e9ho hmyzu,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00a0nov\u00e9 studii v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm veden\u00fd evolu\u010dn\u00edm fyziologem Charlesem Darveauem z\u00a0Univerzity v\u00a0Ottaw\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010cmel\u00e1k druhu Bombus impatiens pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druh\u016fm \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Severn\u00ed Ameriky. Vyskytuje se v\u00a0m\u00edrn\u011b lesnat\u00fdch oblastech…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38869,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[15711,13449,6298,7123,8119,2812,54,77,3215,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-38868","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-cmelaci","9":"tag-dychani","10":"tag-hmyz","11":"tag-kyslik","12":"tag-oxid-uhlicity-co2","13":"tag-studie","14":"tag-svet","15":"tag-veda","16":"tag-voda","17":"tag-world","18":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116311090947153730","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38868"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38868\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}