{"id":39820,"date":"2026-03-30T06:40:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T06:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/39820\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T06:40:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T06:40:09","slug":"cesi-objevili-houbove-galapagy-v-evropskych-lesich-pomahaji-jadrohlodovi-prezit-ve-dreve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/39820\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010ce\u0161i objevili \u201ehoubov\u00e9 Galap\u00e1gy\u201c v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch les\u00edch. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed j\u00e1drohlodovi p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt ve d\u0159ev\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd brouk \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch les\u00edch dovedl v\u011bdce k\u00a0p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9mu objevu. Tento mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1lez ukazuje, jak m\u00e1lo je sv\u011bt mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch les\u00edch prozkouman\u00fd. Studie odborn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 a\u00a0Slovensk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd vy\u0161la v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm mykologick\u00e9m \u010dasopise IMA Fungus<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Brouk, kter\u00fd si p\u011bstuje potravu<\/p>\n

J\u00e1drohlod jedlov\u00fd (Treptoplatypus oxyurus) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi takzvan\u00e9 ambrosiov\u00e9 brouky, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee si ve\u00a0d\u0159ev\u011b doslova \u201ezakl\u00e1daj\u00ed zahr\u00e1dky\u201c. Ne\u017eiv\u00ed se toti\u017e samotn\u00fdm d\u0159evem, ale houbami, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bm p\u011bstuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tato spolupr\u00e1ce mezi brouky a\u00a0houbami nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 novinka\u00a0\u2013 podle v\u011bdc\u016f vznikla u\u017e p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami milion\u016f let a\u00a0pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm \u201ezem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm\u201c syst\u00e9m\u016fm v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Do t\u00e9to skupiny hmyzu pat\u0159\u00ed tis\u00edce druh\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u00a0Evrop\u011b jsou ale p\u016fvodn\u00ed jen dva. N\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 druhy jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i\u00a0jako v\u00fdznamn\u00ed lesn\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci, proto\u017ee napadaj\u00ed oslaben\u00e9 stromy a\u00a0pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159it houby, kter\u00e9 je d\u00e1le po\u0161kozuj\u00ed. \u201eVe speci\u00e1ln\u00edch org\u00e1nech p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed houby, kter\u00e9 pak v\u00a0chodbi\u010dk\u00e1ch aktivn\u011b p\u011bstuj\u00ed a\u00a0\u017eiv\u00ed se jimi,\u201c vysv\u011btluje entomolog Ji\u0159\u00ed Hulcr.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky t\u011bmto houb\u00e1m dok\u00e1\u017ee brouk z\u00edsk\u00e1vat \u017eiviny ze d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 by pro n\u011bj jinak z\u016fstaly nedostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ostrov biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti<\/p>\n

V\u011bdce p\u0159ekvapilo, kolik nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch organism\u016f ve vzorc\u00edch na\u0161li. Mezi p\u011bti hlavn\u00edmi houbami byl jeden zcela nov\u00fd rod a\u00a0t\u0159i nov\u00e9 druhy; dal\u0161\u00ed identifikovan\u00e9 druhy pat\u0159ily mezi extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Podle autor\u016f studie jde o\u00a0neobvykle vysokou koncentraci dosud nepopsan\u00fdch nebo velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch organism\u016f na jedin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0t\u011ble brouka a\u00a0v\u00a0jeho chodbi\u010dk\u00e1ch ve d\u0159ev\u011b. \u201eTakov\u00e1 koncentrace nov\u00fdch organism\u016f je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1. Lze ji p\u0159irovnat ke Galap\u00e1g\u00e1m,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed hlavn\u00ed autor studie Miroslav Kola\u0159\u00edk.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed odkazuje na jihoamerick\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 vysok\u00fdm pod\u00edlem p\u016fvodn\u00edch, jedine\u010dn\u00fdch druh\u016f. Podobn\u011b i\u00a0v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011bdci narazili na \u201eostrov\u201c biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti, kter\u00fd byl dosud skryt\u00fd a\u00a0prakticky neprozkouman\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Houby strom\u016fm \u0161kod\u00ed i\u00a0pom\u00e1haj\u00ed<\/p>\n

Objeven\u00e9 houby ale nehraj\u00ed roli jen v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b samotn\u00e9ho brouka. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy oslabuj\u00ed obranyschopnost strom\u016f, nebo je dokonce dok\u00e1\u017eou zahubit, co\u017e brouk\u016fm usnad\u0148uje jejich kolonizaci. Jin\u00e9 naopak rozklad d\u0159eva ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 mohou ho urychlovat, ale i\u00a0zpomalovat, a\u00a0t\u00edm m\u011bnit podm\u00ednky pro dal\u0161\u00ed organismy.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 vztahy mezi brouky a\u00a0houbami jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i\u00a0z jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011bta, kde n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 druhy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody v\u00a0les\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na pokud jsou stromy oslaben\u00e9 suchem nebo jin\u00fdm stresem.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Vedle toho ale mohou m\u00edt nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 houby i\u00a0praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. V\u011bdci u\u00a0nich zkoumaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad schopnost rozkl\u00e1dat r\u016fzn\u00e9 cukry obsa\u017een\u00e9 ve d\u0159ev\u011b, co\u017e by mohlo naj\u00edt uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0biotechnologi\u00edch nebo potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: Mikrobiologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR<\/p>\n

Houby izolovan\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bla brouka. V\u011bdci na jedin\u00e9 misce na\u0161li hned n\u011bkolik druh\u016f hub, v\u010detn\u011b t\u0159\u00ed dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee i\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 lesy mohou skr\u00fdvat dosud neprozkouman\u00e9 mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. \u201eJe to d\u016fkaz, \u017ee i\u00a0v dob\u0159e prozkouman\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme nach\u00e1zet zcela nov\u00e9 organismy,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bdci. Podle nich tak podobn\u00e9 objevy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, jak m\u00e1lo zat\u00edm v\u00edme o\u00a0mikroorganismech spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi druhy rostlin a\u00a0\u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd brouk \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch les\u00edch dovedl v\u011bdce k\u00a0p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9mu objevu. Tento mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1lez ukazuje, jak m\u00e1lo je sv\u011bt mikroorganism\u016f…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39821,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[6067,15952,43,42,41,40,15954,6298,15953,1504],"class_list":["post-39820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-akademie-ved-ceske-republiky-avcr","tag-brouci","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-ekosystem","tag-hmyz","tag-houby","tag-lesy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116316761146594117","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39820\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}