{"id":40602,"date":"2026-03-30T20:49:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T20:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/40602\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T20:49:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T20:49:10","slug":"ve-slunecni-soustave-uz-rozeznavame-442-mesicu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/40602\/","title":{"rendered":"Ve Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b u\u017e rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me 442\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 eliptick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm sklonem k\u00a0rovn\u00edku sv\u00e9 planety a\u00a0nepravideln\u00e9 tvary, na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny velk\u00fdch \u201ekulat\u00fdch\u201c m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, jako jsou Io, Europa nebo Titan. Tyto nov\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce n\u00e1m v\u0161ak p\u0159esto mohou prozradit leccos o\u00a0vzniku a\u00a0v\u00fdvoji ran\u00e9 Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b nesou nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 t\u011blesa pouze technick\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed (nap\u0159. S\/2011\u00a0J 4\u00a0pro Jupiter nebo S\/2020\u00a0S\u00a045\u00a0pro Saturn). Mytologick\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jim budou komis\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed astronomick\u00e9 unie p\u0159id\u011blena pozd\u011bji. Na nov\u00e9 objevy upozornil nap\u0159. web The Daily Galaxy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Centrum pro planetky (Minor Planet Center, MPC) Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed astronomick\u00e9 unie ozn\u00e1milo dne 16.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 2026\u00a0objev \u010dty\u0159 nov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Jupiteru, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se jejich celkov\u00fd po\u010det zv\u00fd\u0161il na 101.\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edce objevili Scott Sheppard (Carnegie Institution) a\u00a0David Tholen (University of Hawaii) pomoc\u00ed 6,5metrov\u00e9ho dalekohledu Magellan-Baade v\u00a0Chile a\u00a0osmimetrov\u00e9ho dalekohledu Subaru na Havaji.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>V\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i objekty jsou nepravideln\u00e9 a\u00a0nep\u0159esahuj\u00ed sv\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f. Pouze jeden z\u00a0nich se pohybuje na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, jak\u00fdm rotuje planeta Jupiter (tedy \u201eprogr\u00e1dn\u011b\u201c). N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nov\u011b potvrzen\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Jupiteru byly poprv\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1ny ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2011, ale trvalo 15\u00a0let m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, ne\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00a0jistotou \u0159\u00edct: \u201eAno, toto je m\u011bs\u00edc, nikoliv jen kolem let\u00edc\u00ed asteroid.\u201c<\/p>\n

Skupina veden\u00e1 zku\u0161en\u00fdm objevitelem m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Edwardem Ashtonem z\u00a0Univerzity Britsk\u00e9 Kolumbie zase objevila 11\u00a0nov\u00fdch nepravideln\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Saturnu<\/a> pomoc\u00ed anal\u00fdzy star\u0161\u00edch dat (z let 2019\u20132023), po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed 3,5metrov\u00e9ho dalekohledu CFHT (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope), operuj\u00edc\u00edho na ho\u0159e Mauna Kea na Havaji. T\u00edm se jejich celkov\u00fd po\u010det zv\u00fd\u0161il na 285, konstatoval port\u00e1l EarthSky<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Rebelov\u00e9 na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze: j\u00edzda v \u201eprotism\u011bru\u201c<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 Saturnovy m\u011bs\u00edce maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u011bt kilometr\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 sklony roviny ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy k\u00a0rovn\u00edku planety i\u00a0v\u016f\u010di rovin\u011b Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich se pohybuje retrogr\u00e1dn\u011b\u00a0\u2013 tedy v\u00a0opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru, ne\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 rotace planety.<\/p>\n

<\/a>To ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Retrogr\u00e1dn\u00ed pohyb je klasick\u00fd \u201eotisk\u201c dvou mo\u017en\u00fdch variant p\u016fvodu: bu\u010f jsou to asteroidy, kter\u00e9 planeta gravita\u010dn\u011b zachytila, anebo trosky vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159i relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017ece dvou jin\u00fdch t\u011bles. Takov\u00e9 fragmenty si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201eorbit\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165\u201c p\u016fvodn\u00ed kolize.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o\u00a0zachycen\u00e9 objekty\u00a0\u2013 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0Kuiperova p\u00e1su asteroid\u016f za drahou planety Neptun \u010di z\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti. Jejich existence podporuje modely dynamick\u00e9 migrace planet, podle kter\u00fdch se Jupiter a\u00a0Saturn v\u00a0ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch p\u0159esouvaly bl\u00ed\u017ee nebo d\u00e1le od Slunce a\u00a0gravita\u010dn\u011b \u201evys\u00e1valy\u201c materi\u00e1l z\u00a0okol\u00ed, jak popsala dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed star\u00e1 studie<\/a>, za kterou stoj\u00ed i\u00a0\u010de\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy je v\u0161ak takov\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc produktem sr\u00e1\u017eky. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, je \u00falomkem poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm ze sr\u00e1\u017eky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho t\u011blesa s\u00a0jin\u00fdm objektem. Takov\u00e1 sr\u00e1\u017eka m\u016f\u017ee snadno obr\u00e1tit sm\u011br pohybu \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bs\u00edce kolem planety. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Saturnu dokonce existuje teorie, \u017ee velk\u00e1 kolize p\u0159ed 100\u00a0miliony lety mohla v\u00e9st ke vzniku jeho prstenc\u016f i\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161iny jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu mal\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd takov\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc je n\u011bco jako \u201efosilie\u201c\u00a0\u2013 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 toti\u017e informace o\u00a0chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0dynamice t\u011bles p\u0159ed 4\u20134,5\u00a0miliardami let. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce jich najdeme, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe m\u016f\u017eeme zrekonstruovat, kolik materi\u00e1lu v\u00a0ran\u00e9 Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b l\u00e9talo \u201evoln\u011b\u201c prostorem a\u00a0jak v\u00a0n\u00ed prob\u00edhaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a\u00a0zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bles.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee i\u00a0Uran a\u00a0Neptun maj\u00ed retrogr\u00e1dn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce. Dokonce Triton, velk\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc Neptunu, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zachycen\u00fdm m\u011bs\u00edcem v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n

Po\u010det m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f bude i\u00a0nad\u00e1le r\u016fst<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je i\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext \u201ez\u00e1vodu v\u00a0po\u010dtu m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f\u201c. Loni v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2025\u00a0ozn\u00e1milo MPC p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek 128\u00a0nov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Saturnu najednou.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Saturn dokonce b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch p\u00e1r let \u201ezcela p\u0159etrumfl\u201c hmotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Jupiter, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e celkov\u00fd po\u010det zn\u00e1m\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b, ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch planety a\u00a0trpasli\u010d\u00ed planety, nyn\u00ed dos\u00e1hl \u010d\u00edsla 442.\u00a0P\u0159itom v\u00a0roce 2000\u00a0jsme u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bchto dvou ob\u0159\u00edch planet znali jen kolem 20\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Foto: NotebookLM, Pavel Vachtl<\/p>\n

U\u017e m\u00e1me 442\u00a0potvrzen\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f planet a\u00a0trpasli\u010d\u00edch planet (Pluto, Haumea, Makemake a\u00a0Eris) ve Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.<\/p>\n

Saturn vede p\u0159ed Jupiterem v\u00a0po\u010dtu m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f\u00a0\u2013 285\u00a0oproti 101\u00a0\u2013 d\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9 oblasti sv\u00e9ho gravita\u010dn\u00edho vlivu, proto\u017ee se nach\u00e1z\u00ed d\u00e1le od Slunce, kter\u00e9 toto p\u0159itahov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f planet\u00e1m naru\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d m\u011bs\u00edce najednou tak rychle p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Nejde o\u00a0to, \u017ee by p\u0159ib\u00fdvaly fyzicky\u00a0\u2013 tyto objekty ob\u00edhaj\u00ed kolem \u201esv\u00fdch\u201c planet po miliardy let. Jde o\u00a0zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed astronomick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce maj\u00ed jas v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u00fdch magnitud mezi 25\u00a0a\u017e 27, tak\u017ee jsou naprosto mimo dosah men\u0161\u00edch dalekohled\u016f. <\/a>K\u00a0jejich detekci a\u00a0jej\u00edmu potvrzen\u00ed jsou nutn\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 teleskopy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e cel\u00fd proces vy\u017eaduje sledov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f po celou jejich orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed periodu\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech to trv\u00e1 mnoho m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e n\u011bkolik let.<\/p>\n

Naj\u00edt n\u011bkolikakilometrov\u00fd \u201ek\u00e1men\u201c u\u00a0planety vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 stovky milion\u016f kilometr\u016f je skute\u010dn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 detektivka. Tyto m\u011bs\u00edce jsou toti\u017e tak mal\u00e9, tmav\u00e9 a\u00a0nev\u00fdrazn\u00e9, \u017ee je na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch prakticky neuvid\u00edte\u00a0\u2013 jsou \u010dasto mnohem slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hv\u011bzdy v\u00a0pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd po\u010det m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fd\u00a0\u2013 do budoucna lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky. Nap\u0159. Observato\u0159 Very C. Rubin<\/a>, kter\u00e1 zah\u00e1jila provoz v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2025, by mohla p\u0159isp\u011bt dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1lezy. <\/a>A\u00a0pak jsou tu dv\u011b sondy, kter\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0Jupiteru: Europa Clipper<\/a> (NASA) a\u00a0JUICE<\/a> (ESA) k\u00a0n\u011bmu doraz\u00ed n\u011bkdy na za\u010d\u00e1tku 30.\u00a0let, co\u017e by m\u011blo objev dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlit, dopl\u0148uje server Space.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u010dty m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f u\u00a0t\u011bchto planet ur\u010dit\u011b nebudou kone\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0budou d\u00e1le r\u016fst. A\u00a0to i\u00a0p\u0159esto, \u017ee v\u00a0budoucnu mohou planety o\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ij\u00edt, bu\u010f kv\u016fli sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, nebo gravita\u010dn\u00edm poruch\u00e1m jejich drah. Proto je t\u0159eba okol\u00ed Jupiteru i\u00a0Saturnu st\u00e1le a\u00a0dlouhodob\u011b pozorovat. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee po\u010det m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f u\u00a0Jupiteru i\u00a0Saturnu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0budoucnu j\u00edt i\u00a0do v\u00edce stovek nebo a\u017e tis\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Foto: NotebookLM, Pavel Vachtl<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 eliptick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm sklonem k\u00a0rovn\u00edku sv\u00e9 planety a\u00a0nepravideln\u00e9 tvary, na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny velk\u00fdch \u201ekulat\u00fdch\u201c…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40603,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2727,16171,16172,16174,16173,74,73,8279,78,75,77,76],"class_list":{"0":"post-40602","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-astronomie","9":"tag-jupiter","10":"tag-jupiterovy-mesice","11":"tag-mesice-saturnu","12":"tag-saturn","13":"tag-science","14":"tag-science-technology","15":"tag-slunecni-soustava","16":"tag-technika","17":"tag-technology","18":"tag-veda","19":"tag-veda-a-technika"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116320099645831981","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40602\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}