{"id":40875,"date":"2026-03-31T06:15:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T06:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/40875\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T06:15:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T06:15:08","slug":"kosmicka-archeologie-astronomove-objevili-extremne-vzacnou-hvezdu-z-usvitu-vesmiru-aktualne-cz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/40875\/","title":{"rendered":"Kosmick\u00e1 archeologie. Astronomov\u00e9 objevili extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cnou hv\u011bzdu z \u00fasvitu vesm\u00edru \u2013 Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b.cz"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eObjevy jako tento jsou kosmickou archeologi\u00ed – odhaluj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 fosilie, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed otisky prvn\u00edch hv\u011bzd ve vesm\u00edru,\u201c komentoval Chris Davis z americk\u00e9 National Science Foundation<\/a>. Hv\u011bzda PicII-503 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 trpasli\u010d\u00ed galaxii Pictor II, star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e deset miliard let a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 asi 150 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b. A podle astonom\u016f se m\u00e1 jednat o jednu z nejprimitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hv\u011bzd, jak\u00e9 kdy dok\u00e1zali pozorovat – toti\u017e o velmi starou hv\u011bzdu, kter\u00e1 vznikla v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili v\u00fdznam tohoto objevu, mus\u00edme se v\u0161ak vr\u00e1tit o v\u00edce ne\u017e 13 miliard let zp\u00e1tky v \u010dase, do obdob\u00ed kr\u00e1tce po vzniku vesm\u00edru. Prvn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy – takzvan\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy populace III – jsou teoreticky p\u0159edpov\u011bzen\u00e1 prvn\u00ed generace hv\u011bzd, kter\u00e9 vznikly po Velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku. Vznikly z t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dist\u00e9 sm\u011bsi vod\u00edku a helia a v jejich j\u00e1drech se za\u010daly formovat t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed prvky, nap\u0159\u00edklad uhl\u00edk nebo \u017eelezo. <\/p>\n

Jakmile tyto ob\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzdy vy\u010derpaly sv\u00e9 palivo, zakon\u010dily sv\u016fj \u017eivot dramatick\u00fdmi explozemi supernov, rozs\u00e9vaj\u00edc\u00edmi nov\u00e9 prvky do okoln\u00edho prostoru. Plyn obohacen\u00fd o t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed atomy se n\u00e1sledn\u011b ochladil a za\u010dal vytv\u00e1\u0159et dal\u0161\u00ed generaci hv\u011bzd – pr\u00e1v\u011b hv\u011bzdy populace II, do kter\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed i PicII-503.<\/p>\n

\u201eObjev hv\u011bzdy, kter\u00e1 jednozna\u010dn\u011b zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prvky z prvn\u00edch hv\u011bzd, je na hranici toho, co jsme pova\u017eovali za mo\u017en\u00e9, vzhledem k extr\u00e9mn\u00ed vz\u00e1cnosti t\u011bchto objekt\u016f,\u201c vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu Anirudh Chiti ze Stanfordovy univerzity. Podle n\u011bj hv\u011bzda \u201enab\u00edz\u00ed dosud nev\u00eddan\u00e9 okno do po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed produkce prvk\u016f v primordi\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu\u201c.<\/p>\n

Odkaz prvn\u00edch hv\u011bzd<\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzdu se poda\u0159ilo objevit d\u00edky projektu MAGIC (Mapping the Ancient Galaxy in CaHK), kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kameru Dark Energy Camera. C\u00edlem projektu je systematicky hledat nejstar\u0161\u00ed a chemicky nejprimitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy v okol\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n

\u201eBez dat z projektu MAGIC by bylo nemo\u017en\u00e9 tuto hv\u011bzdu mezi stovkami dal\u0161\u00edch v galaxii Pictor II v\u016fbec identifikovat,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Chiti. Dal\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed provedly teleskopy Very Large Telescope a Magellan Baade Telescope, kter\u00e9 potvrdily extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eeleza a v\u00e1pn\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed<\/p>\n

\"Planet\u00e1rium\"Planet\u00e1rium\"Planet\u00e1rium<\/p>\n

31 fotografi\u00edProhl\u00e9dnout si 31 fotografi\u00ed<\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzda PicII-503 obsahuje pouhou \u010dty\u0159icetitis\u00edcinu mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eeleza, kter\u00e9 najdeme ve Slunci. To z n\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 nejchud\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdu na \u017eelezo, jakou kdy kdo nalezl mimo Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu. Sou\u010dasn\u011b ale vykazuje p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd opak u jin\u00e9ho prvku: mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00fd obsah uhl\u00edku. Pom\u011br uhl\u00edku k \u017eelezu je u PicII-503 v\u00edce ne\u017e 1500kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u Slunce<\/p>\n

Neobvykl\u00fd chemick\u00fd podpis hv\u011bzdy nazna\u010duje i n\u011bco o tom, jak um\u00edraly prvn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee PicII-503 vznikla z materi\u00e1lu vyvr\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159i pom\u011brn\u011b slab\u00e9 supernov\u011b. P\u0159i takov\u00e9 explozi se leh\u010d\u00ed prvky, jako uhl\u00edk, dostanou do okoln\u00edho prostoru, zat\u00edmco t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed prvky, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017eelezo, mohou spadnout zp\u00e1tky do zbytku hv\u011bzdy. To by vysv\u011btlovalo, pro\u010d m\u00e1 PicII-503 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159ebytek uhl\u00edku, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u017eelezo. <\/p>\n

Video: NASA letos v dubnu uk\u00e1zala, co sondy na Marsu skute\u010dn\u011b vid\u00ed<\/p>\n

Zdroje: Science News<\/a>, Nature Astronomy<\/a>, Space<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201eObjevy jako tento jsou kosmickou archeologi\u00ed – odhaluj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 fosilie, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed otisky prvn\u00edch hv\u011bzd ve vesm\u00edru,\u201c…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40876,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[3547,74,73,78,75,77,76,1540],"class_list":{"0":"post-40875","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-hvezda","9":"tag-science","10":"tag-science-technology","11":"tag-technika","12":"tag-technology","13":"tag-veda","14":"tag-veda-a-technika","15":"tag-vesmir"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116322325225791597","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40875"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40875\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}