{"id":41034,"date":"2026-03-31T08:52:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T08:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/41034\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T08:52:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T08:52:14","slug":"nejvetsi-had-vsech-dob-titanoboa-byl-petkrat-tezsi-nez-rekordni-anakonda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/41034\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed had v\u0161ech dob Titanoboa byl p\u011btkr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rekordn\u00ed anakonda"},"content":{"rendered":"

V roce 2009\u00a0byl sv\u011btu ozn\u00e1men objev pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1stupce had\u016f v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u017eivota na Zemi. Titanoboa cerrejonensis (v doslovn\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu \u201etit\u00e1nsk\u00fd hrozn\u00fd\u0161 z\u00a0Cerrejonu\u201c) byl enormn\u011b velk\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem \u010deledi hrozn\u00fd\u0161ovit\u00fdch (Boidae), \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm v\u00a0obdob\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho a\u017e pozdn\u00edho paleoc\u00e9nu na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Kolumbie.[1] Tento gigantick\u00fd had \u017eil v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159ed 60\u00a0a\u017e 58\u00a0miliony let a\u00a0jeho fosilie byly poprv\u00e9 objeveny v\u00a0roce 2002\u00a0v\u00a0uheln\u00fdch lomech Cerrej\u00f3n v\u00a0kolumbijsk\u00e9m departementu La Guajira. Fosilie v\u00a0podob\u011b obratl\u016f a\u00a0\u017eeber p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm t\u0159iceti jedinc\u016f byly objeveny spolu s\u00a0fosiliemi \u017eelv a\u00a0krokod\u00fdl\u016f, p\u016fvodn\u011b je nav\u00edc v\u011bdci myln\u011b ozna\u010dili za krokod\u00fdl\u00ed. Teprve po p\u0159evozu do instituce Florida Museum of Natural History v\u00a0Gainesville a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pat\u0159ily ob\u0159\u00edmu nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu druhu prav\u011bk\u00e9ho hada, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho jen n\u011bkolik milion\u016f let po vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1lo na konci druhohorn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddy<\/a>.[2] V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00edskan\u00fdch fosili\u00ed m\u00e1 podobu obratl\u016f, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se anteriorn\u011b (vp\u0159edu) od kloaky a\u00a0nesouc\u00edch anatomick\u00e9 znaky hrozn\u00fd\u0161ovit\u00fdch had\u016f. Ale ji\u017e k\u00a0hlavn\u00ed problematice \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0\u2013 jak velk\u00fd byl ve skute\u010dnosti tento had\u00ed gigant? Opravdu byl nejdel\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech a\u00a0potvrzuj\u00ed tyto d\u0159\u00edve ud\u00e1van\u00e9 \u00fadaje tak\u00e9 nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy? V\u00a0popisn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci z\u00a0roku 2009\u00a0Jason H. Head a\u00a0jeho kolegov\u00e9 nejd\u0159\u00edve porovnali fosiln\u00ed obratle dochovan\u00e9 bez distorze (v p\u016fvodn\u00edm anatomick\u00e9m tvaru) s\u00a0obratli dne\u0161n\u00edch hrozn\u00fd\u0161\u016f a\u00a0odhadli tak jejich p\u0159ibli\u017enou pozici v\u00a0r\u00e1mci p\u00e1te\u0159e. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich velikosti pak odhadli d\u00e9lku rodu Titanoboa na 12,82\u00a0metru, plus m\u00ednus 2,18\u00a0metru. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lka tohoto mega-hada tedy mohla \u010dinit asi rovn\u00fdch 15\u00a0metr\u016f, co\u017e je zhruba dvojn\u00e1sobek d\u00e9lky nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sou\u010dasn\u00fdch had\u016f.[3] Hmotnost pak byla odhadnuta na z\u00e1klad\u011b porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi druhy, jako je anakonda velk\u00e1 a\u00a0krajta jihoafrick\u00e1. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky m\u011bly rozp\u011bt\u00ed 652\u00a0a\u017e 1819\u00a0kg, s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brem kolem (na pom\u011bry had\u016f fantastick\u00e9) hodnoty 1135\u00a0kilogram\u016f.<\/p>\n

Foto: Ansh Saxena 7163; Wikipedia (CC0)<\/p>\n

Velikostn\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fdch had\u016f (jak vyhynul\u00fdch, tak recentn\u00edch) s\u00a0dosp\u011bl\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem.<\/p>\n

To je p\u0159itom tak\u0159ka p\u0159esn\u011b p\u011btin\u00e1sobek hmotnosti nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch dne\u0161n\u00edch anakond, s\u00a0rekordn\u00edmi (neov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi) \u00fadaji a\u017e kolem 227\u00a0kg.[4] P\u016fvodn\u00ed odhady z\u00a0popisn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce tedy hovo\u0159ily o\u00a0d\u00e9lce kolem 13\u00a0metr\u016f a\u00a0hmotnosti 1,1\u00a0tuny. V\u00a0roce 2013\u00a0byla publikov\u00e1na dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, zalo\u017een\u00e1 i\u00a0na v\u00fdzkumu krani\u00e1ln\u00edho materi\u00e1lu (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b dochovan\u00e9 lebky), kter\u00e1 by v\u00a0kompletn\u00edm stavu m\u011b\u0159ila na d\u00e9lku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40\u00a0cm. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto \u00fadaje bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi anakondami odhadnout d\u00e9lku rodu Titanoboa a\u017e na 14,3\u00a0metru, a\u00a0to s\u00a0m\u00edrou chyby odhadu 1,28\u00a0metru. D\u00e9lka prav\u011bk\u00e9ho hada tedy mohla dosahovat fantasticky zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho rozp\u011bt\u00ed 13,0\u00a0a\u00a015,6\u00a0metru<\/a>.[5] O\u00a0t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji byla publikov\u00e1na dal\u0161\u00ed informace ohledn\u011b odhad\u016f velikosti, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00ed m\u00edry 12,8\u00a0metru. Upravenou rovnic\u00ed byla sn\u00ed\u017eena odhadovan\u00e1 hmotnost paleocenn\u00edho hada na 730\u00a0kilogram\u016f, tedy zhruba na trojn\u00e1sobek hodnoty oproti nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm dne\u0161n\u00edm anakond\u00e1m.[6] V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b i\u00a0ty nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed odhady v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161echny sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hady a\u00a0tak\u00e9 ob\u0159\u00ed druh Gigantophis garstini z\u00a0pozdn\u00edho eoc\u00e9nu severn\u00ed Afriky, kter\u00fd byl s\u00a0odhadovanou d\u00e9lkou 6,9\u00a0a\u017e 10,7\u00a0metru dlouhodob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho hada v\u0161ech dob.[7] Zat\u00edm posledn\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem do t\u00e9to problematiky je popisn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce z\u00a0roku 2024, kter\u00e1 u\u00a0rodu Titanoboa prakticky potvrzuje p\u016fvodn\u00ed odhad z\u00a0roku 2009, tedy d\u00e9lku 12,8\u00a0metru (\u00b1 2,2\u00a0metru), resp. rozp\u011bt\u00ed 10,6\u00a0a\u017e 15,0\u00a0metru.[8] Ve stejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v\u0161ak byl pops\u00e1n nov\u00fd ob\u0159\u00ed had z\u00a0\u010deledi Madtsoiidae, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0obdob\u00ed eoc\u00e9nu (asi p\u0159ed 47\u00a0miliony let) na \u00fazem\u00ed Indie. Dostal jm\u00e9no Vasuki indicus a\u00a0jeho d\u00e9lka je odhadov\u00e1na na 10,9\u00a0a\u017e 15,2\u00a0metru. Je tedy pom\u011brn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee tento had mohl b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b o\u00a0trochu del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Titanoboa, co\u017e by z\u00a0n\u011bj \u010dinilo nejdel\u0161\u00edho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho hada v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u017eivota na Zemi. Vasuki ale p\u0159esto ur\u010dit\u011b nebyl nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm, resp. nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm hadem v\u0161ech dob. A\u00a0jak je to vlastn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9?<\/p>\n

O tomto faktu sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed zejm\u00e9na jeho obratle, kter\u00e9 jsou celkov\u011b podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0leh\u010deji stav\u011bn\u00e9 ne\u017e ji\u017e na prvn\u00ed pohled masivn\u00ed obratle kolumbijsk\u00e9ho hada. Titanoboa cerrejonensis byl tedy nepochybn\u011b hmotn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0objemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hadem, co\u017e je podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko velikosti ne\u017e d\u00e9lka. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tedy zat\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm hadem v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u017eivota na Zemi, a\u010dkoliv mo\u017en\u00e1 nebyl nejdel\u0161\u00ed. A\u00a0jak si tedy pomysln\u011b vedou v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edmto d\u00e1vn\u00fdm obrem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 druhy had\u016f? Jak ji\u017e bylo uvedeno, nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00fdm hadem je jihoamerick\u00fd druh anakonda velk\u00e1 (Eunectes murinus), s\u00a0neov\u011b\u0159enou rekordn\u00ed hodnotou zhruba 227\u00a0kg (t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011btkr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e u\u00a0rodu Titanoboa) a\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011brohodnou d\u00e9lkou asi 6,3\u00a0metru (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovina d\u00e9lky prav\u011bk\u00e9ho rekordmana). B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 hmotnost dosp\u011bl\u00fdch anakond je ale mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ostatn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm odhadem je dokonce \u201epouze\u201c \u00fadaj 97,5\u00a0kg, co\u017e je pouh\u00e1 sedmina a\u017e dvan\u00e1ctina odhadovan\u00e9 hmotnosti typov\u00e9ho exempl\u00e1\u0159e druhu T. cerrejonensis.[9] Z\u00a0hlediska d\u00e9lky (ne hmotnosti) je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jin\u00fd druh sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho hada, a\u00a0to krajta m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekovan\u00e1 (Malayopython reticulatus) z\u00a0jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, Indon\u00e9sie a\u00a0Filip\u00edn s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159enou hmotnost\u00ed asi 133,7\u00a0kg (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b osmina a\u017e p\u011btina hmotnosti u\u00a0druhu T. cerrejonensis) a\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159enou hodnotou t\u011blesn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky 6,95\u00a0metru (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jen 54\u00a0% d\u00e9lky prav\u011bk\u00e9ho prot\u011bj\u0161ku).[10] Existuj\u00ed sice v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odhady d\u00e9lky anakondy velk\u00e9 i\u00a0krajty m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekovan\u00e9 (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 maj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed rozp\u011bt\u00ed 7,3\u00a0a\u017e 10,1\u00a0metru), ty jsou v\u0161ak vesm\u011bs v\u011bdecky neov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 a\u00a0obvykle i\u00a0velmi pochybn\u00e9.[11] Dokonce i\u00a0ty nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odhady velikosti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sou\u010dasn\u00fdch had\u016f, pokud bychom jim uv\u011b\u0159ili<\/a>, v\u0161ak st\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00ed zcela skromn\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0gigantick\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry paleocenn\u00edho hada druhu Titanoboa cerrejonensis zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho z\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed Kolumbie. Tak obrovsk\u00fd byl ve skute\u010dnosti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fd had v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u017eivota na Zemi.<\/p>\n

Short Summary in English: Titanoboa is an\u00a0extinct\u00a0genus\u00a0of giant\u00a0boid snake\u00a0that lived during the\u00a0Paleocene\u00a0epoch, about 60\u00a0to 58\u00a0million years ago. Discovered in northeastern\u00a0Colombia, it is widely regarded as one of the largest snakes ever known. It was\u00a0formally described\u00a0in 2009\u00a0after researchers recovered its fossils from the\u00a0Cerrej\u00f3n\u00a0coal mines. Early finds included\u00a0thoracic vertebrae\u00a0and\u00a0ribs, while later expeditions uncovered parts of the skull and teeth. Estimates state that Titanoboa reached lengths of roughly 12.8\u201315.0\u00a0m. Its weight likely ranged between about 730\u00a0and 1,135\u00a0kg. These dimensions far exceed those of the largest living snakes, including the\u00a0green anaconda\u00a0and the\u00a0reticulated python.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V roce 2009\u00a0byl sv\u011btu ozn\u00e1men objev pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1stupce had\u016f v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u017eivota na Zemi. Titanoboa cerrejonensis (v doslovn\u00e9m…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":41035,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[16271,489,4827,16269,14094,16272,487,1472,54,53,52,4006,16270],"class_list":{"0":"post-41034","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-anakonda","9":"tag-fosilie","10":"tag-had","11":"tag-hroznys","12":"tag-kolumbie","13":"tag-krajta","14":"tag-paleontologie","15":"tag-plaz","16":"tag-svet","17":"tag-world","18":"tag-world-news","19":"tag-zkamenelina","20":"tag-zoologove"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116322942817321971","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41034"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41034\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}