{"id":42967,"date":"2026-04-01T23:34:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T23:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/42967\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T23:34:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T23:34:20","slug":"komu-patri-vesmir-zaklady-vesmirneho-prava-polozil-vladimir-mandl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/42967\/","title":{"rendered":"Komu pat\u0159\u00ed vesm\u00edr? Z\u00e1klady vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va polo\u017eil Vladim\u00edr Mandl"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c_bz\">Pravidla t\u00e9to kosmick\u00e9 hry se p\u0159itom neza\u010dala ps\u00e1t v\u00a0NASA, ale u\u017e p\u0159ed 90\u00a0lety v\u00a0advok\u00e1tn\u00ed poradn\u011b plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho vizion\u00e1\u0159e Vladim\u00edra Mandla (1899\u20131941). Ten roku 1932\u00a0vydal prvn\u00ed monografii komplexn\u011b se zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi aspekty kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Objevte p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010cecha, kter\u00fd byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0prvn\u00edch systematick\u00fdch autor\u016f z\u00e1klad\u016f vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, a\u00a0to d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e vzl\u00e9tla prvn\u00ed raketa. A\u00a0jeho\u017e odkaz, \u017ee vesm\u00edr nesm\u00ed pat\u0159it nikomu, dnes vlastn\u011b st\u0159e\u017e\u00ed hranici mezi v\u011bdeckou spoluprac\u00ed a\u00a0nebeskou kolonizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mandl, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk s\u00a0patentem na raketu<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Vladim\u00edr Mandl nen\u00ed jen teoretikem, ale mu\u017eem \u010dinu s\u00a0technick\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm. Jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 Michal Plavec, kur\u00e1tor leteck\u00fdch sb\u00edrek pra\u017esk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho technick\u00e9ho muzea a\u00a0odborn\u00edk na vojensk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny, Mandl vystupuje jako konstrukt\u00e9r s\u00a0raz\u00edtkem: v\u00a0roce 1935\u00a0se st\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00edkem \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho patentu na \u201evysokostoupaj\u00edc\u00ed raketu\u201c. Tento stroj m\u00e1 m\u00edt podle propo\u010dt\u016f d\u00e9lku 30\u00a0metr\u016f a\u00a0hmotnost 140\u00a0tun.<\/p>\n<p><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-ludvik-ocenasek-ceskeho-raketoveho-prukopnika-zastavily-az-dejiny-40564371\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"720\" width=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ocenasek-raketa-vynalezce-vesmir.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">\u201eMandl se ve sv\u00fdch \u00favah\u00e1ch nezastavil jen u\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edch paragraf\u016f, ale aktivn\u011b navrhoval technick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0mnoha ohledech p\u0159edj\u00edmala konstrukci budouc\u00edch v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00fdch raket. Jeho korespondence s\u00a0Oberthem \u010di Ciolkovsk\u00fdm ukazuje, \u017ee byl uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm partnerem v\u00a0diskus\u00edch o\u00a0palivov\u00fdch sm\u011bs\u00edch i\u00a0aerodynamice letu,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Michal Plavec v\u00a0publikaci Vizion\u00e1\u0159 kosmick\u00e9ho v\u011bku.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">I kdy\u017e ho pra\u017esk\u00e1 univerzita kv\u016fli neot\u0159el\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm odm\u00edt\u00e1 habilitovat, ve sv\u011bt\u011b jeho jm\u00e9no u\u017e tehdy rezonuje jako jm\u00e9no experta, vid\u00edc\u00edho mnohem d\u00e1l ne\u017e za obzor tehdej\u0161\u00ed techniky.<\/p>\n<p>Stopa\u0159\u016fv pr\u016fvodce po Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Mandlova genialita se naplno projev\u00ed v\u00a0jeho schopnosti p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt dynamiku letu. Ve sv\u00e9 publikaci z\u00a0roku 1932\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed dosti p\u0159esn\u00e9 odhady doby pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed jin\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f. Cestu k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 na \u010dty\u0159i dny, k\u00a0Merkuru na 105\u00a0dn\u016f a\u00a0k Marsu na 258\u00a0dn\u016f\u00a0\u2013 \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 dodnes v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed, by\u0165 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na trajektorii potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho letu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Ji\u017e tehdy nav\u00edc p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 nutnost existence orbit\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic a\u00a0nov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">\u201eTeprve a\u017e budeme m\u00edti apar\u00e1ty zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 vyu\u017eitkovati energii utajenou v\u00a0paprsc\u00edch slune\u010dn\u00edch \u010di v\u00a0atomech kosmick\u00e9 prahmoty, tak\u017ee kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f bude moci vyd\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ihned obnovovati, budeme m\u00edti nad\u011bji na dobyt\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Mo\u017eno, \u017ee kv\u016fli snaz\u0161\u00edmu startu nech\u00e1me ob\u00edhat kol Zem\u011b um\u011blou startovac\u00ed stanici, um\u011bl\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc, jemu\u017e ud\u011bl\u00edme takovou rychlost, aby dr\u017eel se st\u00e1le v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od Zem\u011b a\u00a0aby ani neodl\u00e9tl do vesm\u00edru, ani nespadl na zem,\u201c p\u0159edpov\u00eddal Mandl.<\/p>\n<p>Zrod vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va z\u00a0rodinn\u00fdch \u00faspor<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">I kdy\u017e se letm\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o\u00a0kosmick\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu objevuj\u00ed u\u017e ve 20.\u00a0letech, je to pr\u00e1v\u011b Mandl, kdo jej v\u00a0roce 1932\u00a0ustavuje jako samostatn\u00fd obor. Cesta k\u00a0prvn\u00edmu miln\u00edku je v\u0161ak trnit\u00e1. Mandl chce oslovit sv\u011btovou ve\u0159ejnost, a\u00a0proto p\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bmeck\u00fd spis Das Weltraum-Recht. Ein Problem der Raumfahrt. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd nakladatel v\u0161ak nen\u00ed ochoten riskovat vyd\u00e1n\u00ed tak \u201efantaskn\u00edho\u201c textu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Mandl se nenech\u00e1 odradit a\u00a0\u00fatlou 48str\u00e1nkovou knihu vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0t\u00e9m\u017ee roce v\u00a0Mannheimu v\u00a0nakladatelstv\u00ed J. Bensheimer na vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1klady z\u00a0rodinn\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu. Z\u00a0n\u00e1kladu 300\u00a0kus\u016f se prod\u00e1 jen asi 25\u00a0v\u00fdtisk\u016f, zbytek autor rozd\u00e1. P\u0159esto jsou z\u00e1klady polo\u017eeny.<\/p>\n<p><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-anticke-osudy-ceskych-bratri-jak-apollo-a-zeus-dobyvali-nebe-40562118\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img height=\"787\" width=\"1400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/apollo-soucek-apollo-soucek-historie.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9m\u017ee roce vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0nakladatelstv\u00ed \u0160olc a\u00a0\u0160im\u00e1\u010dek \u010desky psanou stostr\u00e1nkovou ilustrovanou knihu Probl\u00e9m mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9 dopravy. Zde rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty a\u00a0vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se princip\u016f raketov\u00e9ho letu. \u0158e\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 dnes p\u00e1l\u00ed NASA i\u00a0SpaceX: komu pat\u0159\u00ed jak\u00e1 planeta, jak\u00e1 jurisdikce plat\u00ed na palub\u011b lodi \u010di kdo m\u00e1 n\u00e1hrady za \u0161kody p\u0159i dopadu trosek vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho plavidla na Zemi.<\/p>\n<p>Kopal, architekt vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du v\u00a0OSN<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Tato vize se o\u00a0des\u00edtky let pozd\u011bji st\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kladem pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 na p\u016fd\u011b OSN pom\u00e1h\u00e1 formulovat dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk, profesor <a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csmp-csil.org\/news\/zemrel-prof-vladimir-kopal\/\" class=\"c_N\">Vladim\u00edr Kopal<\/a> (1928\u20132014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Ten na Mandlovy pr\u00e1ce p\u0159\u00edmo navazuje u\u017e od ml\u00e1d\u00ed a\u00a0st\u00e1v\u00e1 se jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ambasadorem v\u00a0modern\u00ed \u00e9\u0159e. Od roku 1959\u00a0p\u016fsob\u00ed jako sekret\u00e1\u0159 Astronautick\u00e9 komise p\u0159i \u010cSAV a\u00a0jeho kari\u00e9ra vrchol\u00ed v\u00a0samotn\u00e9m srdci sv\u011btov\u00e9 diplomacie. V\u00a0letech 1983\u00a0a\u017e 1988\u00a0nav\u00edc zast\u00e1v\u00e1 presti\u017en\u00ed funkci \u0161\u00e9fa Odd\u011blen\u00ed pro z\u00e1le\u017eitosti kosmick\u00e9ho prostoru sekretari\u00e1tu OSN v\u00a0New Yorku.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"720\"   width=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/vesmir-pravo-vesmirne-pravo-kopal-zakladna-mandl.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/>Foto: London Institute of Space Policy and Law<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Profesor Vladim\u00edr Kopal, kter\u00fd na Mandlovy pr\u00e1ce p\u0159\u00edmo navazoval u\u017e od ml\u00e1d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0OSN Kopal prosazuje Mandlovu my\u0161lenku, \u017ee kosmos nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u00edstem kolonizace, ale spolupr\u00e1ce. S\u00e1m k\u00a0tomu podot\u00fdk\u00e1: \u201eMandl\u016fv p\u0159\u00ednos spo\u010d\u00edval v\u00a0tom, \u017ee si uv\u011bdomil nutnost odd\u011blit vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo od kosmick\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se prvn\u00ed dru\u017eice v\u016fbec dotkla ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. My jsme pak v\u00a0OSN jen stav\u011bli na z\u00e1kladech, kter\u00e9 polo\u017eil tento plze\u0148sk\u00fd vizion\u00e1\u0159.\u201c<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Kopalova autorita je takov\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0letech 1999\u20132001\u00a0a\u00a0znovu 2008\u20132010\u00a0p\u0159edsed\u00e1 Pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu podv\u00fdboru V\u00fdboru OSN pro m\u00edrov\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho prostoru (COPUOS).<\/p>\n<p><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-potraviny-ve-stylu-kosmickeho-veku-zapojuji-se-i-cesi-40532237\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img height=\"1012\" width=\"1800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/heaven-labs-vesmir-strava-astronauti-mana-krejcik.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/><\/a>Od velmocensk\u00e9ho gesta ke sv\u011btov\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pravidla hry, je Smlouva o\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch \u010dinnosti st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho prostoru v\u010detn\u011b M\u011bs\u00edce a\u00a0jin\u00fdch nebesk\u00fdch t\u011bles, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako Kosmick\u00e1 smlouva z\u00a0roku 1967.\u00a0Jako prvn\u00ed ji stvrzuj\u00ed podpisy USA, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, \u010d\u00edm\u017e d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011btu najevo, \u017ee vesm\u00edr neprom\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0boji\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Dokument definuje vesm\u00edr jako rei communis\u00a0\u2013 prostor pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161em, kter\u00fd si \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t nesm\u00ed p\u0159ivlastnit. V\u00fdzkum je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd v\u0161em bez ohledu na hospod\u00e1\u0159skou vysp\u011blost a\u00a0kosmonauti jsou ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za \u201evyslance lidstva\u201c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Smlouva d\u00e1le stanovuje odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1t\u016f za \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 jejich kosmick\u00fdmi objekty, co\u017e v\u00a0roce 1972\u00a0d\u00e1le up\u0159es\u0148uje \u00damluva o\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Mandlovu a\u00a0Kopalovu snahu o\u00a0ochranu vesm\u00edru se pak sna\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1979\u00a0potvrdit i\u00a0Dohoda o\u00a0\u010dinnosti st\u00e1t\u016f na M\u011bs\u00edci, prohla\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed lun\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroje za \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed lidstva\u201c. Tato dohoda sice vstupuje v\u00a0platnost roku 1984, ale podepisuje ji zat\u00edm jen 9\u00a0st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0kosmick\u00e9m programu nehraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli.<\/p>\n<p><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-komplikace-pro-reprodukci-mimo-zemi-spermie-ve-stavu-beztize-ztraceji-orientaci-40570393\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/oocyty-mys-spermie-vesmir.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Oproti tomu samotn\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed Kosmick\u00e1 smlouva z\u00a0roku 1967\u00a0se st\u00e1v\u00e1 celosv\u011btov\u00fdm standardem. V\u00a0platnost vstupuje v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku a\u00a0proces jej\u00edho uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010duje dodnes; aktu\u00e1ln\u011b ji ratifikuje 117\u00a0zem\u00ed sv\u011bta a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch 26\u00a0ji m\u00e1 zat\u00edm podepsanou.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"720\"   width=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1775086459_239_vesmir-pravo-vesmirne-pravo-kopal-zakladna-mandl.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/>Foto: US Army, Wikimedia Commons \/ NASA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Studie americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na M\u011bs\u00edci z\u00a0roku 1957\u00a0v\u00a0r\u00e1mci tajn\u00e9ho arm\u00e1dn\u00edho projektu Horizon. Ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1952\u00a0navrhl n\u011bmeck\u00fd raketov\u00fd konstrukt\u00e9r Wernher von Braun rotuj\u00edc\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ve v\u00fd\u0159ezu).<\/p>\n<p>Od idealismu k\u00a0lun\u00e1rn\u00ed zlat\u00e9 hore\u010dce<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b dnes, kdy se schyluje k\u00a0n\u00e1vratu lid\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc, se Mandl\u016fv odkaz ocit\u00e1 p\u0159ed nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed zkou\u0161kou. Zat\u00edmco Kosmick\u00e1 smlouva z\u00a0roku 1967\u00a0mluv\u00ed o\u00a0vesm\u00edru jako o \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9m d\u011bdictv\u00ed\u201c, modern\u00ed programy jako Artemis Accords (<a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-lipavsky-v-usa-podepsal-ujednani-o-spolupraci-na-pruzkumu-mesice-40430526#utm_content=ribbonnews&amp;utm_term=Artemis%20Accords&amp;utm_medium=hint&amp;utm_source=search.seznam.cz\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">v\u010detn\u011b zapojen\u00ed \u010ceska<\/a>) p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed s\u00a0pragmati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkladem. Ten sice uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee M\u011bs\u00edc nikomu nepat\u0159\u00ed, ale vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9 suroviny\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159. led pro v\u00fdrobu paliva nebo vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 kovy\u00a0\u2013 u\u017e by m\u011bly b\u00fdt majetkem toho, kdo je vydobyl.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Stoj\u00edme tak na prahu pr\u00e1vn\u00ed bitvy o \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny\u201c a\u00a0pr\u00e1vo na zisk, kterou Mandl p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 ji\u017e p\u0159ed dev\u00edti dek\u00e1dami. Jeho vize kosmick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va tak u\u017e nen\u00ed jen akademick\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm, ale kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm manu\u00e1lem pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed m\u00edru mimo na\u0161i planetu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Ot\u00e1zka: \u201eKomu pat\u0159\u00ed vesm\u00edr?\u201c z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e1, ale i\u00a0d\u00edky Mandlovi a\u00a0Kopalovi na ni m\u00e1me alespo\u0148 civilizovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ce\u0161i a\u00a0vesm\u00edr: Od raket na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e k\u00a0nov\u00e9 cest\u011b na ISS<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Kdysi jsme ohromovali sv\u011bt vyn\u00e1lezy v\u00a0zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch d\u00edln\u00e1ch, dnes na\u0161e technologie \u201erozst\u0159eluj\u00ed\u201c Mars laserem a\u00a0hl\u00eddaj\u00ed bezpe\u010d\u00ed astronaut\u016f na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. Kdy\u017e v\u00a0roce 1930\u00a0odpaloval vizion\u00e1\u0159 Ludv\u00edk O\u010den\u00e1\u0161ek rakety na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e, mnoz\u00ed ho pova\u017eovali za bl\u00e1hov\u00e9ho sn\u00edlka. On p\u0159itom u\u017e tehdy projektoval raketovou po\u0161tu p\u0159es oce\u00e1n a\u00a0v\u011b\u0159il v\u00a0lety k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed pomysln\u00e9 \u010di skute\u010dn\u00e9 stopy ve vesm\u00edru, nejsou to tedy jen jm\u00e9na jako Vladim\u00edr Remek nebo Eugene Cernan\u00a0\u2013 posledn\u00ed mu\u017e na M\u011bs\u00edci, v\u00a0jeho\u017e \u017eil\u00e1ch kolovala \u010desk\u00e1 krev. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b se na programech ESA aktivn\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed p\u0159es 50\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch firem a\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b des\u00edtky \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed astronaut Ale\u0161 Svoboda proch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdcvikem, aby se mohl v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech pod\u00edvat na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS). <\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b rok 2026\u00a0je nav\u00edc skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me si 65\u00a0let od letu Jurije Gagarina, ale tak\u00e9 40\u00a0let od startu stanice Mir, kde jsme m\u011bli sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje. Leto\u0161ek je tak\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdch akc\u00ed NASA\u00a0\u2013 uplynulo smutn\u00fdch 40\u00a0let od katastrofy raketopl\u00e1nu Challenger. S\u00a0t\u011bmito stroji (Columbia, Discovery a\u00a0Atlantis) l\u00e9tal i\u00a0astronaut s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny John Blaha. Na duben se nav\u00edc chyst\u00e1 mise Artemis II: prvn\u00ed let lid\u00ed k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci po v\u00edce ne\u017e 50\u00a0letech.<\/p>\n<p><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-nasa-hodla-vybudovat-zakladnu-na-mesici-za-20-miliard-dolaru-40569692\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img height=\"2187\" width=\"3888\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1774963330_937_mesicni-stanice-mesic-vesmir-ilustarcni.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/><\/a><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/veda-skoly-bude-lidstvo-tezit-nerostne-bohatstvi-na-mesici-dovoz-surovin-na-zemi-by-nebyl-levny-40453650\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img height=\"1012\" width=\"1800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/mesic-vesmir-tezba.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"c_t c_r\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Pravidla t\u00e9to kosmick\u00e9 hry se p\u0159itom neza\u010dala ps\u00e1t v\u00a0NASA, ale u\u017e p\u0159ed 90\u00a0lety v\u00a0advok\u00e1tn\u00ed poradn\u011b plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho vizion\u00e1\u0159e Vladim\u00edra&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42968,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[8886,441,3870,1542,1196,3868,4554,54,1540,16779,16778,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-42967","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-ceskoslovensko","9":"tag-historie","10":"tag-mesic","11":"tag-nasa","12":"tag-pravo","13":"tag-program-artemis","14":"tag-rakety","15":"tag-svet","16":"tag-vesmir","17":"tag-vladimir-kopal","18":"tag-vladimir-mandl","19":"tag-world","20":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116332073110066102","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42967"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42967\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}