{"id":4350,"date":"2026-02-22T09:38:11","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T09:38:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/4350\/"},"modified":"2026-02-22T09:38:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T09:38:11","slug":"ve-spanelsku-nasli-sloni-kost-z-doby-hannibala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/4350\/","title":{"rendered":"Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku na\u0161li slon\u00ed kost z\u00a0doby Hannibala"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u017e dosud byla tamn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost dan\u00fdch chobotnatc\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0antick\u00fdch text\u016f a\u00a0um\u011bleck\u00fdch vyobrazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ne\u010dekan\u00fd objev u\u00a0C\u00f3rdoby<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tohoto objevu za\u010dal ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2020\u00a0b\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek v\u00a0lokalit\u011b Colina de los Quemados nedaleko C\u00f3rdoby, kde se kdysi nach\u00e1zelo ibersk\u00e9 oppidum.<\/p>\n

Mezi mno\u017estv\u00edm nalezen\u00fdch artefakt\u016f byl i\u00a0mal\u00fd \u00falomek kosti. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nep\u016fsobil nijak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, a\u00a0tak na n\u011bkolik let skon\u010dil v\u00a0depozit\u00e1\u0159i. Teprve pozd\u011bji se k\u00a0n\u011bmu vr\u00e1til v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Rafaelem Mart\u00ednezem S\u00e1nchezem z\u00a0Univerzity v\u00a0C\u00f3rdob\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Podrobn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee nalezen\u00e1 kost nepat\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu zv\u00ed\u0159eti, kter\u00e9 by se ve \u0160pan\u011blsku p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytovalo: odborn\u00edci ji ur\u010dili jako z\u00e1p\u011bstn\u00ed kost z\u00a0prav\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00ed nohy slona. P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu byly publikov\u00e1ny tento m\u011bs\u00edc v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hannibal a \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9 tanky\u201c starov\u011bku<\/p>\n

Hannibal se zapsal do d\u011bjin jako jeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch strat\u00e9g\u016f antiky. V\u00a0roce 218\u00a0p\u0159. n. l. zah\u00e1jil odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed proti \u0158\u00edmu. Sv\u00e9 vojsko tehdy vedl p\u0159es Pyrenejsk\u00fd poloostrov, ji\u017en\u00ed Francii a\u00a0Alpy a\u017e do It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n

Podle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f m\u011bl s\u00a0sebou i\u00a037\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch slon\u016f. Tato mohutn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata p\u0159edstavovala tehdej\u0161\u00ed obdobu obrn\u011bn\u00e9 techniky. Bo\u0159ila nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 formace, d\u011bsila kon\u011b a\u00a0zp\u016fsobovala chaos i\u00a0psychologick\u00fd \u0161ok na boji\u0161ti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee je Hannibalovo ta\u017een\u00ed jednou z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed starov\u011bku, archeologov\u00e9 postr\u00e1dali jednozna\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee sloni evropsk\u00fdm kontinentem skute\u010dn\u011b pro\u0161li.<\/p>\n

Dosud toti\u017e existovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 indicie, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0alpsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fsmyku Col de la Traversette na hranici mezi Franci\u00ed a\u00a0It\u00e1li\u00ed. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f zde objevil mikrobiologick\u00e9 a\u00a0chemick\u00e9 stopy, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed pr\u016fchod tis\u00edc\u016f lid\u00ed a\u00a0zv\u00ed\u0159at p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b Hannibalova ta\u017een\u00ed. Ne\u0161lo v\u0161ak o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fkaz p\u0159\u00edtomnosti slon\u016f. N\u00e1lez kosti nedaleko C\u00f3rdoby by tak mohl p\u0159edstavovat prvn\u00ed hmatateln\u00fd archeologick\u00fd doklad.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201ePou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slon\u016f jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch stroj\u016f na evropsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b b\u011bhem punsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek zanechalo hlubokou stopu v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edm um\u011bn\u00ed, literatu\u0159e i\u00a0kultu\u0159e. Po stalet\u00ed byl obraz Hannibala, jak vede slony p\u0159es Alpy, ikonou, opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se motivem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ej\u00edmali hudebn\u00edci, spisovatel\u00e9 i\u00a0filmov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl,\u201c uvedli k\u00a0tomu auto\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu pro port\u00e1l Phys<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kdo byl Hannibal?<\/p>\n

Hannibal Barkas (247\u2013183\u00a0p\u0159. n. l.) se narodil v\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu jako syn slavn\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la Hamilkara. Podle legendy musel u\u017e jako mal\u00fd chlapec slo\u017eit otci p\u0159\u00edsahu v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed v\u016f\u010di \u0158\u00edmu.<\/p>\n

Proslavil se b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy se rozhodl ude\u0159it na \u0158\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd nikdo ne\u010dekal\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159evedl sv\u00e9 vojsko z\u00a0Pyrenejsk\u00e9ho poloostrova p\u0159es Pyreneje a\u00a0Alpy p\u0159\u00edmo do srdce It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n

V bitv\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledovaly, nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u00a0Trasimensk\u00e9ho jezera nebo u\u00a0Kann, u\u0161t\u011bd\u0159il \u0158\u00edman\u016fm n\u011bkolik drtiv\u00fdch por\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0zapsal se mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 strat\u00e9gy starov\u011bku.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edm se mu p\u0159esto dob\u00fdt nepoda\u0159ilo. Kart\u00e1go v\u00e1lku nakonec prohr\u00e1lo a\u00a0Hannibal skon\u010dil ve vyhnanstv\u00ed. Aby neupadl do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch rukou, vzal si roku 183\u00a0p\u0159. n. l. \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Foto: vkilikov, Shutterstock<\/p>\n

Hannibal\u016fv portr\u00e9t na tunisk\u00e9 bankovce<\/p>\n

Datov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 punsk\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m<\/p>\n

Aby v\u011bdci ov\u011b\u0159ili st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kosti, pou\u017eili metodu radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee slon, jemu\u017e kost pat\u0159ila, \u017eil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 2250\u00a0lety. Tento \u00fadaj se velmi dob\u0159e kryje s\u00a0obdob\u00edm druh\u00e9 punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (218\u2013201\u00a0p\u0159. n. l.).<\/p>\n

Kost nebyla jedin\u00fdm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem. Archeologov\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b odhalili tak\u00e9 dvan\u00e1ct kamenn\u00fdch st\u0159el, kter\u00e9 mohly slou\u017eit jako munice pro kartaginsk\u00e9 katapulty, d\u00e1le mince a\u00a0keramiku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed dan\u00e9 epo\u0161e.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee oppidum mohlo b\u00fdt d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm vojensk\u00e9ho st\u0159etu mezi kartaginskou arm\u00e1dou a\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edmi obr\u00e1nci. Slon mohl zahynout pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011bhem t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zobrazit v\u0161e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A\u017e dosud byla tamn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost dan\u00fdch chobotnatc\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0antick\u00fdch text\u016f a\u00a0um\u011bleck\u00fdch vyobrazen\u00ed. Ne\u010dekan\u00fd objev u\u00a0C\u00f3rdoby P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tohoto…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4351,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[3350,3344,3349,441,3348,3346,3347,3345,950,3351,54,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-4350","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-antika","9":"tag-archeologie","10":"tag-hannibal-barkas","11":"tag-historie","12":"tag-kartago","13":"tag-punske-valky","14":"tag-riman","15":"tag-slon","16":"tag-spanelsko","17":"tag-starovek","18":"tag-svet","19":"tag-world","20":"tag-world-news"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4350"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4350\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}