{"id":44612,"date":"2026-04-03T14:39:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T14:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/44612\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T14:39:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T14:39:08","slug":"ve-mestech-uz-je-nakazene-kazde-druhe-kliste-varuje-odbornice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/44612\/","title":{"rendered":"Ve m\u011bstech u\u017e je naka\u017een\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 druh\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b, varuje odbornice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rozhovor si tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete poslechnout v\u00a0audioverzi.<\/p>\n

Hezk\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed vyb\u00edz\u00ed k\u00a0proch\u00e1zk\u00e1m do park\u016f, se stoupaj\u00edc\u00edmi teplotami ale roste i\u00a0aktivita kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 zeleni je riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed lymeskou borreli\u00f3zou a\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0lese.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa ja\u0159e na n\u00e1s kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata \u010dekaj\u00ed na spadan\u00e9m list\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed se posadit na lavi\u010dku,\u201c upozor\u0148uje v\u00a0rozhovoru pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy Kate\u0159ina Kybicov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro lymeskou borreli\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n

Toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jeho\u017e p\u0159\u00edznakem je \u010derven\u00e1 skvrna s\u00a0bled\u00fdm st\u0159edem, lze l\u00e9\u010dit antibiotiky. Proti encefalitid\u011b, neboli z\u00e1n\u011btu mozku, existuje vakc\u00edna. A\u010dkoliv je \u010cesko zem\u00ed s\u00a0dlouhodob\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskytem t\u00e9to nemoci na po\u010det obyvatel v\u00a0EU, o\u010dkovan\u00e1 je jen men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st populace.<\/p>\n

\u201eV minul\u00fdch letech stoupla proo\u010dkovanost prvn\u00ed d\u00e1vkou, u\u00a0kter\u00e9 se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovin\u011b populace. To bohu\u017eel k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed celkov\u00fdch protil\u00e1tek nesta\u010d\u00ed, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je dostat druhou i\u00a0t\u0159et\u00ed d\u00e1vku, kter\u00e9 teprve zaru\u010d\u00ed dlouhodobou imunitu,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Kybicov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Na jak\u00fdch m\u00edstech nejv\u00edce hroz\u00ed n\u00e1kaza p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty?<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b lesn\u00edch porost\u016f u\u017e od roku 2014\u00a0testujeme kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata z\u00a0dvan\u00e1cti r\u016fzn\u00fdch pra\u017esk\u00fdch park\u016f, p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety jsme tak\u00e9 p\u0159idali testy kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at ze v\u0161ech krajsk\u00fdch m\u011bst. Nyn\u00ed u\u017e m\u00e1me data od v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u00a0tis\u00edc jedinc\u016f, a\u00a0ta hovo\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko n\u00e1kazy je v\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edch parc\u00edch velk\u00fdch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata zde opakovan\u011b saj\u00ed na stejn\u00fdch hostitel\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na populac\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f a\u00a0drobn\u00fdch savc\u016f, jako jsou hlodavci, je\u017eci \u010di veverky. Pr\u00e1v\u011b toto opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata jsou borreli\u00ed infikov\u00e1na z\u00a025\u00a0a\u017e 30\u00a0procent. Na Pet\u0159\u00edn\u011b nebo na Krejc\u00e1rku v\u00a0Praze je borreli\u00ed infikov\u00e1no ka\u017ed\u00e9 druh\u00e9. Pokud mluv\u00edme o\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdch parc\u00edch v\u00a0cel\u00e9m \u010cesku, alespo\u0148 jeden z\u00a0mnoha mo\u017en\u00fdch patogen\u016f nese polovina v\u0161ech jedinc\u016f. Lesn\u00ed porosty jsou na tom v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0parky mnohem l\u00e9pe. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed borrelie je zde mezi deseti a\u00a0dvan\u00e1cti procenty, v\u017edy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na roce.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ovou encefalitidou ro\u010dn\u011b onemocn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00ed ne\u017e borreli\u00f3zou. Kde je riziko nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Ohniska kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 encefalitidy jsou mnohem men\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0izolovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta s\u00a0borreli\u00f3zou. P\u0159i testech jsme na\u0161li kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata bez viru, za dal\u0161\u00edch 500\u00a0metr\u016f u\u017e ale byla kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata infikovan\u00e1. V\u00a0minul\u00fdch dvou letech jsme virus detekovali v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech i\u00a0v lesn\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch. Kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata jsou encefalitidou infikovan\u00e1 v\u00a0mnohem men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu, kolem jednoho procenta. I\u00a0p\u0159esto se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, po kter\u00e9m mohou z\u016fstat trval\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesku jsou nemoci p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty dlouhodob\u011b velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. Jak\u00e9 jsou pro to d\u016fvody?<\/p>\n

V\u0161e souvis\u00ed s\u00a0na\u0161imi klimatick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami, ve kter\u00fdch se kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at\u016fm velmi da\u0159\u00ed. Jsou aktivn\u00ed u\u017e velmi brzy zjara, v\u00a0\u00fanoru \u010di v\u00a0b\u0159eznu. Proto\u017ee je v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch tepleji, kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata zde m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt i\u00a0v pr\u016fb\u011bhu zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, jako je prosinec a\u00a0leden. L\u00e9to v\u011bt\u0161inou nem\u00e1me hork\u00e9 a\u00a0such\u00e9, proto aktivita neust\u00e1v\u00e1 ani b\u011bhem n\u011bj. P\u0159enos nemoc\u00ed tak\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed hostitel\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ob\u011bma onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi velmi promo\u0159eni.<\/p>\n

Hraje roli i\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e1 proo\u010dkovanost \u010desk\u00e9 populace?<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, velkou. T\u0159eba Raku\u0161an\u00e9 jsou proo\u010dkovan\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 90\u00a0procent. P\u0159esn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo pro \u010deskou populaci je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci. V\u00a0minul\u00fdch letech stoupla proo\u010dkovanost prvn\u00ed d\u00e1vkou, u\u00a0kter\u00e9 se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovin\u011b populace. To bohu\u017eel k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed celkov\u00fdch protil\u00e1tek nesta\u010d\u00ed, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je dostat druhou i\u00a0t\u0159et\u00ed d\u00e1vku, kter\u00e9 teprve zaru\u010d\u00ed dlouhodobou imunitu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak aktivity kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at ovliv\u0148uje zm\u011bna klimatu?<\/p>\n

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed teplot ur\u010dit\u011b bereme v\u00a0potaz. S\u00a0kolegy z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch obor\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1me dohromady aktualizaci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu adaptace na zm\u011bnu klimatu. \u201eNa\u0161emu\u201c kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bti obecn\u00e9mu se zde po\u0159\u00e1d bude da\u0159it velmi dob\u0159e, ale mohou n\u00e1m p\u0159ib\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata z\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy a\u00a0z Afriky. S\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi teplotami velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ijdou nov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 kom\u00e1ry, kter\u00e1 se u\u017e nyn\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

Co byste doporu\u010dila lidem k\u00a0ochran\u011b p\u0159ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty krom\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch rad, jako jsou dlouh\u00e9 nohavice a\u00a0nesed\u00e1n\u00ed do tr\u00e1vy?<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvat repelenty, dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed opravdu jen ty se syntetick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli myslet na to, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b mohou chytit nejen, kdy\u017e jdou do lesa, ale zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho parku. Nem\u011bli bychom se vyh\u00fdbat pouze vysok\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u011b, zejm\u00e9na te\u010f na ja\u0159e na n\u00e1s kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata \u010dekaj\u00ed na spadan\u00e9m list\u00ed. Pod hrabankou toti\u017e p\u0159e\u017eila zimu. Pokud se posad\u00edme v\u00a0parku pod strom na lavi\u010dku, v\u00a0list\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata ur\u010dit\u011b budou.<\/p>\n

Jakmile p\u0159ijdeme dom\u016f z\u00a0lesa nebo z\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 zelen\u011b, m\u011bli bychom se prohl\u00e9dnout a\u00a0v\u0161echna kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata hned odstranit. Kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b na n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee po\u010dkat v\u00a0kalhot\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 si dal\u0161\u00ed den znovu obl\u00e9kneme. Pokud se ho chceme zaru\u010den\u011b zbavit, pom\u016f\u017ee vypr\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0su\u0161i\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Encefalitida a\u00a0borreli\u00f3za<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 encefalitida je virov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed infikovan\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011btem \u010dasto ji\u017e b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch hodin s\u00e1n\u00ed. Nemoc m\u00e1 typicky dvouf\u00e1zov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh: po inkuba\u010dn\u00ed dob\u011b (7\u00a0a\u017e 14\u00a0dn\u00ed) nastupuje prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed leh\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipku s\u00a0bolestmi sval\u016f, \u00fanavou a\u00a0hore\u010dkou. <\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje obdob\u00ed klidu, kter\u00e9 u\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti pacient\u016f vyst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 druh\u00e1, mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze. Tu prov\u00e1zej\u00ed vysok\u00e9 hore\u010dky a\u00a0napaden\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy, co\u017e se projevuje krut\u00fdmi bolestmi hlavy, sv\u011btloplachost\u00ed, ztuhnut\u00edm \u0161\u00edje, z\u00e1vrat\u011bmi nebo t\u0159esem. <\/p>\n

V\u00a0nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0obrn\u011b nerv\u016f, selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch funkc\u00ed \u010di trval\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm, jako jsou poruchy pam\u011bti a\u00a0sluchu. Proti t\u00e9to nemoci existuje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, samotn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba pouze tlum\u00ed projevy nemoci.<\/p>\n

Lymesk\u00e1 borreli\u00f3za je bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata, obvykle v\u0161ak a\u017e po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed. Nemoc se rozv\u00edj\u00ed ve t\u0159ech st\u00e1di\u00edch a\u00a0postihuje k\u016f\u017ei, klouby, srdce i\u00a0nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edm typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00e9m stadiu je \u010derven\u00e1 skvrna s\u00a0bled\u00fdm st\u0159edem v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed, doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 \u00fanavou \u010di bolest\u00ed hlavy. Pokud nen\u00ed nemoc v\u010das l\u00e9\u010dena antibiotiky, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ej\u00edt do dal\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1dia, kdy se mohou objevit z\u00e1n\u011bty kloub\u016f, uzl\u00edk na uchu \u010di bradavce nebo obrny nerv\u016f. <\/p>\n

Pozdn\u00ed stadium, nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce a\u017e roky po n\u00e1kaze, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0chronick\u00e9mu posti\u017een\u00ed velk\u00fdch kloub\u016f \u010di trval\u00e9mu zten\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1n\u011btu k\u016f\u017ee na kon\u010detin\u00e1ch. Na rozd\u00edl od encefalitidy na borreli\u00f3zu neexistuje o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale lze ji opakovan\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit antibiotiky.<\/p>\n

Text zpracoval Vojt\u011bch Mare\u0161.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rozhovor si tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete poslechnout v\u00a0audioverzi. Hezk\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed vyb\u00edz\u00ed k\u00a0proch\u00e1zk\u00e1m do park\u016f, se stoupaj\u00edc\u00edmi teplotami ale roste…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44613,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[17223,43,42,41,40,17222,17224],"class_list":{"0":"post-44612","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-borelioza","9":"tag-ceska-republika","10":"tag-cesko","11":"tag-czech-republic","12":"tag-czechia","13":"tag-klistata","14":"tag-klistova-encefalitida"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116341294143990643","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44612\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}