Posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta jsme sv\u011bdky zm\u011bny ve veden\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f a\u00a0protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed mnoh\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami. B\u011bhem siln\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f roku 2024, \u010delila Ukrajina p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stovce dron\u016f a\u00a0des\u00edtce st\u0159el v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu jedn\u00e9 noci.<\/p>\n
Dnes? Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u00a0noci ze 6.\u00a0na 7.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 2026\u00a0to ale bylo 480\u00a0dron\u016f, 18\u00a0st\u0159el s\u00a0plochou dr\u00e1hou letu a\u00a012\u00a0balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el. Tento \u00fatok nebyl bohu\u017eel ani jedn\u00edm z\u00a0t\u011bch nesiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm roce.<\/p>\n
Ir\u00e1n pou\u017eil proti Izraeli a\u00a0ostatn\u00edm zem\u00edm na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho dne boj\u016f 350\u00a0balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el a\u00a0294\u00a0dron\u016f, druh\u00fd den to bylo dal\u0161\u00edch 175\u00a0balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el a\u00a0541\u00a0dron\u016f.<\/p>\n
Ne\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na schopnosti Arm\u00e1dy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, mus\u00edme si vysv\u011btlit zjednodu\u0161en\u011b p\u00e1r pojm\u016f, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 pochopit a\u00a0br\u00e1t na z\u0159etel. V\u0161echny data, kter\u00e1 jsou v\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku pops\u00e1na, jsou ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 a\u00a0lze si je rychle ov\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00edm bodem pochopen\u00ed je to, mluv\u00edme-li o\u00a0mo\u017enostech Arm\u00e1dy \u010cR v\u00a0oblasti protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany (PVO), v\u017edy p\u016fjde o\u00a0tzv. koncept \u201eA2\/AD\u201c\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0angli\u010dtin\u011b jde o\u00a0anti access \/ area denial. Zkratka A2\u00a0znamen\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit nep\u0159\u00edteli dostat se do ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti, a\u00a0zkratka AD znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee pokud se nep\u0159\u00edtel u\u017e do dan\u00e9 oblasti dostane, je nutn\u00e9 se sna\u017eit o\u00a0omezen\u00ed nebo znemo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed jeho operace. Tento \u00fakol nebude pouze na jednotk\u00e1ch letectva a\u00a0PVO, ale budou do n\u011bj zapojen\u00e9 i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed prvky A\u010cR, zejm\u00e9na p\u016fjde o\u00a053.\u00a0pluk pr\u016fzkumu a\u00a0elektronick\u00e9ho boje.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm pojmem je hloubka obrany, respektive Integrated Air Defense System (IADS). IADS ve zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed kombinuje schopnosti a\u00a0dosahy jednotliv\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici, ale tak\u00e9 jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0prostoru tak, aby dok\u00e1zaly pokr\u00fdt po\u017eadovanou oblast.
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat z\u00a0\u00fatok\u016f na Ukrajinu, na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a\u00a0z\u00a0dosah\u016f prost\u0159edk\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch agresory mus\u00edme po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee a\u010d budou prost\u0159edky startovat z\u00a0jednoho sm\u011bru (z v\u00fdchodu), mohou se nad \u00fazem\u00ed republiky dostat z\u00a0v\u00edce n\u00e1letov\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Zahlcen\u00ed obrany je jednoduch\u00fd pojem, kter\u00fd \u010dasto nep\u0159ijde na mysl. Pokud je v\u00a0dosahu syst\u00e9mu (nebo v\u00edce syst\u00e9m\u016f) v\u00a0dan\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku v\u00edce prost\u0159edk\u016f protivn\u00edka, ne\u017e na kter\u00e9 mohou syst\u00e9my p\u016fsobit, tak nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 prost\u0159edky obranu p\u0159ekonaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je v\u010dasn\u00e9 rozvinut\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f a\u00a0proveden\u00ed leti\u0161tn\u00edho man\u00e9vru. V\u00a0tomto textu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee dojde na ono v\u010dasn\u00e9 rozvinut\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f, d\u00e1le po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me i\u00a0s aktivac\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edch pilot\u016f, technik\u016f a\u00a0toho, \u017ee v\u0161echny na\u0161e man\u00e9vrov\u00e9 prvky jsou \u201edoma\u201c.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m se \u010dasto moc nemluv\u00ed, je schopnost v\u011bd\u011bt, co je ve vzduchu a\u00a0co se d\u011bje. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci arm\u00e1dy m\u00e1 toto na starosti 26.\u00a0pluk velen\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu. Hlavn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky jsou dvojice 3D radiolok\u00e1tor\u016f RAT-31DL na stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch postaven\u00edch a\u00a0osm modern\u00edch radiolok\u00e1tor\u016f ELM-2084\u00a0MMR (MADR), kter\u00e9 jsou schopny detekovat i\u00a0mal\u00e9 a\u00a0n\u00edzkolet\u00edc\u00ed c\u00edle.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm prvkem, kter\u00fd by byl zapojen v\u00a0hojn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e, jsou prost\u0159edky 532.\u00a0praporu elektronick\u00e9ho boje. Mimo stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch instalac\u00ed bude nasazena tak\u00e9 rota pasivn\u00edch sledovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f s\u00a0komplety V\u011bra-S\/M a\u00a0V\u011bra-NG, a\u00a0opravdu \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my DPET. V\u00fdhodou t\u011bchto prost\u0159edk\u016f je, \u017ee sleduj\u00ed prostor v\u00a0naprost\u00e9 tichosti, tud\u00ed\u017e jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0eliminace je oproti aktivn\u00edm radiolok\u00e1tor\u016fm velice obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm prvkem jsou ru\u0161i\u010de. Jeden z\u00a0nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed ke sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dce je STARKOM. Nejen \u017ee tento ru\u0161i\u010d m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edt jako pr\u016fzkumn\u00fd prost\u0159edek, proto\u017ee detekuje cokoliv, co emituje elektromagnetick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, ale um\u00ed tak\u00e9 EM obranu a\u00a0\u00fatok. Bohu\u017eel na to, co je EM \u00fatok a\u00a0obrana, pot\u0159ebujete \u201eEB\u00e1ka\u201c\u00a0\u2013 n\u011bkoho od elektronick\u00e9ho boje.<\/p>\n
A\u00a0ji\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k\u00a0prost\u0159edk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed. Prvn\u00edm prvkem obrany, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee fungovat proti dron\u016fm a\u00a0st\u0159el\u00e1m s\u00a0plochou dr\u00e1hou letu je na\u0161e proudov\u00e9 letectvo, konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji 211.\u00a0taktick\u00e1 a\u00a0212.\u00a0taktick\u00e1 letka.<\/p>\n
211.\u00a0taktick\u00e1 letka disponuje dvan\u00e1cti letouny JAS-39C Gripen a\u00a0dv\u011bma letouny JAS-39D. Pro letouny JAS-39C m\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24\u00a0st\u0159el AIM-120\u00a0AMRAAM a\u00a0zhruba do 100\u00a0st\u0159el AIM-9\u00a0Sidewinder. Letouny JAS-39C lze \u201eov\u011bsit\u201c konfigurac\u00ed dvou st\u0159el AIM-120\u00a0a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 st\u0159el AIM-9.\u00a0Na letouny L-159\u00a0ALCA tak Arm\u00e1d\u011b \u010cR z\u016fstane necel\u00fdch 40\u00a0st\u0159el.<\/p>\n
D\u00e1le mohou letouny JAS-39C p\u016fsobit proti dron\u016fm a\u00a0st\u0159el\u00e1m s\u00a0plochou drahou letu palubn\u00edm kanonem. Jak n\u00e1s ale u\u010d\u00ed situace nad Ukrajinou, je to u\u00a0dron\u016f dost nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Zasahuj\u00edc\u00ed letouny pohybuj\u00ed bl\u00edzko minim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti a\u00a0p\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu dron\u016f se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jsou zasa\u017een\u00e9 troskami. V\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b evidujeme n\u00e1sledkem toho ztr\u00e1tu n\u011bkolika MIG-29, SU-27\u00a0a\u00a0F-16.<\/p>\n
212.\u00a0taktick\u00e1 letka disponuje \u0161estn\u00e1cti letouny L-159A a\u00a0t\u0159emi letouny L-159T2.\u00a0Tyto stroje jsou vybaveny radarem Grifo-L. Mimo st\u0159el AIM-9, o\u00a0kter\u00fdch jsme psali v\u00fd\u0161e, mohou letouny p\u016fsobit proti dron\u016fm kanony, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00a0podv\u011bsn\u00fdch kontejnerech ZPL20-Plamen. T\u011bchto kontejner\u016f m\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da \u010cR celkem deset. Letouny L-159\u00a0ALCA mohou n\u00e9st bu\u010f jeden takov\u00fd kanon nebo dvojici.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm prvkem vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch sil jsou na\u0161e vrtuln\u00edky z\u00a022.\u00a0z\u00e1kladny taktick\u00e9ho letectva.<\/p>\n
Jak ukazuje zasazen\u00ed v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b, jsou vrtuln\u00edky \u0159ady MI-8\/17\/171\u00a0proti dron\u016fm celkem \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed palubn\u00edch st\u0159elc\u016f. Arm\u00e1da \u010cR m\u016f\u017ee nasadit stroje MI-171\u00a0nebo modernizovan\u00e9 stroje MI-171\u00a0SOATU. Ty byly v\u00a0po\u010dtu t\u0159\u00ed kus\u016f od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025\u00a0do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f nasazeny v\u00a0Polsku, kde jejich \u00fakolem byla obrana v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranice NATO. Vrtuln\u00edk\u016f MI-171\u00a0m\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da \u010cR celkem \u0161estn\u00e1ct, z\u00a0toho sedm bylo modernizov\u00e1no na verzi SOATU s\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm. P\u016fsobit proti c\u00edl\u016fm mohou pouze zbran\u011bmi palubn\u00edch st\u0159elc\u016f.<\/p>\n
Vrtuln\u00edky syst\u00e9mu H-1, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b UH-1Y Venom a\u00a0AH-1Z Viper, jsou schopny p\u016fsobit proti dron\u016fm. Jejich v\u00fdhoda je skv\u011bl\u00e9 senzorick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum prost\u0159edk\u016f schopn\u00fdch p\u016fsoben\u00ed proti c\u00edli. Vrtuln\u00edky UH-1Y, kter\u00e9 jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u011b poprv\u00e9 nasazeny v\u00a0Polsku v\u00a0r\u00e1mci HELI UNIT 5, m\u016f\u017eou proti dron\u016fm p\u016fsobit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zbran\u00ed palubn\u00edch st\u0159elc\u016f. Arm\u00e1da \u010cR jich m\u00e1 v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti ve v\u00fdzbroji osm kus\u016f.<\/p>\n
AH-1Z Viper je vybaven 20\u00a0mm kanonem M197, kter\u00fd je efektivn\u00ed p\u0159i likvidaci dron\u016f. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt i\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely AIM-9, kter\u00fdch m\u00e1 ale Arm\u00e1da \u010cR nedostatek. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da \u010cR k\u00a0dispozici pouze \u010dty\u0159i kusy. Teoreticky by \u0161lo provizorn\u011b vybavit palubn\u00edmi zbran\u011bmi i\u00a0posledn\u00ed \u0161estici vrtuln\u00edk\u016f MI-17, jejich nasazen\u00ed ale bude omezeno dostupn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi.<\/p>\n
Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0Ukrajinou m\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika jednu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodu: relativn\u011b mal\u00e9 a\u00a0siln\u011b urbanizovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny leteck\u00e9 prost\u0159edky budou m\u00edt omezen\u00fd \u010das na z\u00e1sah proti c\u00edl\u016fm mezi hranicemi a\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi oblastmi, na kter\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed. Hust\u00e1 civiln\u00ed aglomerace bude nav\u00edc omezovat prostory, kde budou palubn\u00ed st\u0159elci schopni efektivn\u011b na drony p\u016fsobit.<\/p>\n
Hlavn\u00edm a\u00a0tak\u00e9 bohu\u017eel jedin\u00fdm \u00fatvarem protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany je 25.\u00a0protiletadlov\u00fd raketov\u00fd pluk, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou odd\u00edl\u016f: 251.\u00a0a\u00a0252.\u00a0protiletadlov\u00e9ho raketov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu. 251.\u00a0odd\u00edl je vybaven protivzdu\u0161n\u00fdmi raketov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my 2K12\u00a0KUB.<\/p>\n
251.\u00a0protiletadlov\u00fd raketov\u00fd odd\u00edl je vybaven syst\u00e9my 2K12\u00a0KUB, kter\u00e9 byly zav\u00e1d\u011bny do v\u00fdzbroje mezi lety 1975\u00a0a\u017e 1980.\u00a0S\u00a0t\u011bmito syst\u00e9my Arm\u00e1da \u010cR operuje ji\u017e v\u00edce jak 45\u00a0let. Jedinou v\u00fdznamnou modernizac\u00ed pro\u0161ly jejich radiolok\u00e1tory SURN, kter\u00e9 byly v\u00a0roce 2007\u00a0nahrazeny verz\u00ed na SURN CZ. Ve v\u00fdzbroji odd\u00edlu jsou \u010dty\u0159i baterie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u016fsobit proti jednomu c\u00edli. Ve chv\u00edli z\u00e1sahu m\u016f\u017ee syst\u00e9m okam\u017eit\u011b p\u016fsobit proti dal\u0161\u00edmu c\u00edli, nebo pokud c\u00edl nebyl zasa\u017een, odp\u00e1lit proti n\u011bmu dal\u0161\u00ed st\u0159elu. Dosah syst\u00e9mu je od 4,4\u00a0km do 23\u00a0km a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozsah se pohybuje od 100\u00a0m a\u017e do 14\u00a0km. U\u017e jen udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto veter\u00e1n\u016f v\u00a0provozu v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje od \u010dlen\u016f odd\u00edlu obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie a\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n
252.\u00a0protiletadlov\u00fd raketov\u00fd odd\u00edl v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti disponuje \u0161estn\u00e1cti syst\u00e9my RBS-70\u00a0a\u00a0\u0161estn\u00e1cti syst\u00e9my RBS-70NG. Tyto syst\u00e9my jsou ur\u010deny k\u00a0ni\u010den\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f na kr\u00e1tkou vzd\u00e1lenost, od 300\u00a0m do 8\u00a0km. D\u00edky laserov\u00e9mu naveden\u00ed je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je ru\u0161it. Nev\u00fdhodou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee oper\u00e1tor mus\u00ed c\u00edl sledovat a\u017e do z\u00e1sahu. Po z\u00e1sahu nebo ztr\u00e1t\u011b c\u00edle dojde k\u00a0p\u0159ebit\u00ed (5\u00a0sekund), po kter\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee oper\u00e1tor zam\u011b\u0159it a\u00a0zas\u00e1hnout dal\u0161\u00ed c\u00edl. Mezi lety 2014\u00a0a\u017e 2023\u00a0bylo zakoupeno celkem 366\u00a0st\u0159el, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich ji\u017e byly pou\u017eity v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdcviku.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f jsme ale na pokraji v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Pomi\u0148me nyn\u00ed zaveden\u00ed letoun\u016f F-35\u00a0u\u00a0letectva v\u00a0letech 2029\u00a0a\u017e 2035.\u00a0V\u00a0letech 2027\u00a0a\u017e 2029\u00a0by k\u00a0n\u00e1m do \u010cR m\u011blo dorazit dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161est vrtuln\u00edk\u016f AH-1Z a\u00a0dva vrtuln\u00edky UH-1Y darovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou USA za pomoc Ukrajin\u011b. Pro vrtuln\u00edky m\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da \u010cR objednan\u00e9 i\u00a0syst\u00e9my AWPKS, co\u017e je kit pro p\u0159em\u011bnu ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch raket Hydra-70\u00a0na laserem nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 st\u0159ely. Tento kit umo\u017e\u0148uje zam\u011b\u0159it c\u00edl pomoc\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho paprsku, kter\u00fdm je oza\u0159ov\u00e1n. D\u00edky tomu bude Arm\u00e1da \u010cR m\u00edt k\u00a0dispozici n\u011bkolik set \u201elevn\u00fdch\u201c st\u0159el, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity jak proti dron\u016fm, tak proti pozemn\u00edm c\u00edl\u016fm.<\/p>\n
53.\u00a0pluk pr\u016fzkumu a\u00a0elektronick\u00e9ho boje (EB) si polep\u0161\u00ed o\u00a0trojici syst\u00e9m\u016f PLESS (Passive Long-range ESM Surveillance System). Tento daleko-dosahov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi OTH (Over the Horizon) technologie, umo\u017e\u0148uje detekci c\u00edl\u016f na vzd\u00e1lenost a\u017e 700\u00a0km.<\/p>\n
Velice o\u010dek\u00e1vanou zm\u011bnou je zaveden\u00ed v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 bateri\u00ed syst\u00e9mu Spyder do v\u00fdzbroje A\u010cR, ke kter\u00e9mu by m\u011blo doj\u00edt ji\u017e letos. Syst\u00e9m Spyder nahrad\u00ed dosluhuj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my 2K12\u00a0KUB a\u00a0nejen je nahrad\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Dosah st\u0159el, kter\u00e9 byly pro tento syst\u00e9m objedn\u00e1ny, se pohybuje od 15\u00a0km (Derby) a\u017e po p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 80\u00a0km u\u00a0verze I-Derby ER. Syst\u00e9m je nav\u00edc schopen sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u016fsobit proti v\u00edce c\u00edl\u016fm. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det c\u00edl\u016f jsou \u010dty\u0159i, co\u017e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typech a\u00a0kombinac\u00edch odpalovac\u00edch vozidel. Nev\u00fdhodou tohoto syst\u00e9mu jsou po\u010detn\u00ed omezen\u00ed a\u00a0cena raket.<\/p>\n
Co v\u00edme? Dle r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f bylo objedn\u00e1no 72\u00a0st\u0159el I-Derby a\u00a024\u00a0st\u0159el Python 5\u00a0ve verzi MR (s\u00a0urychlovac\u00edmi bloky), 12\u00a0st\u0159el I-Derby a\u00a04\u00a0st\u0159ely Python ve verzi SR. V\u00a0roce 2023\u00a0Ministerstvo obrany objednalo dal\u0161\u00ed st\u0159ely na z\u00e1klad\u011b r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 smlouvy v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 10\u00a0miliard korun, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00a0t\u00e9to smlouvy bylo ji\u017e z\u00e1vazn\u011b objedn\u00e1no 48\u00a0st\u0159el I-Derby ER.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm prvkem modernizace je po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 24\u00a0samohybn\u00fdch komplet\u016f VSHORAD, kter\u00e9 byly objedn\u00e1ny v\u00a0\u010dervenci 2025.\u00a0Ty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed modernizovanou verzi RBS-70NG na podvozku vozidel MARS. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci smlouvy je tak\u00e9 zahrnut n\u00e1kup dal\u0161\u00edch osmi komplet\u016f RBS-70NG a\u00a080\u00a0st\u0159el pro tento syst\u00e9m. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee materi\u00e1l doraz\u00ed mezi lety 2028\u00a0a\u017e 2030.\u00a0Hodnota t\u00e9to akvizice \u010din\u00ed 4,2\u00a0miliardy k\u010d.<\/p>\n
Jak je patrn\u00e9, Arm\u00e1da \u010cR navy\u0161uje kapacity v\u00a0oblasti protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany. Po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u011bchto prvk\u016f s\u00a0sebou nese extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a\u00a0dodac\u00ed lh\u016fty byly dlouh\u00e9 i\u00a0p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem plnohodnotn\u00e9 invaze v\u00a0Ukrajinu. Od t\u00e9 doby se d\u00e1le prodlou\u017eily. Minul\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se cestou Ministerstva obrany sna\u017eila z\u00edskat v\u00a0listopadu 2022\u00a0nab\u00eddku na americk\u00fd syst\u00e9m MIM-104\u00a0Patriot, bohu\u017eel ani v\u00a0roce 2023\u00a0nebyla nab\u00eddka obdr\u017eena, co\u017e znemo\u017enilo zah\u00e1jit akvizi\u010dn\u00ed proces.<\/p>\n
Jsou cesty, jak zlep\u0161it na\u0161\u00ed situaci? To v\u00edte, \u017ee jsou. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana je velice komplexn\u00ed. Neexistuje jeden syst\u00e9m \u010di jedna technologie, kter\u00e1 by to vy\u0159e\u0161ila.<\/p>\n
Na\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b chyb\u00ed PVO\/PRO (protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1\/protiraketov\u00e1 obrana, pozn. red.) syst\u00e9m dlouh\u00e9ho dosahu schopn\u00fd ni\u010dit balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely. Jeho cena, stejn\u011b jako cena raket, je v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00e1. N\u011bmecko po\u0159\u00eddilo Izraelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my Arrow, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hodnota prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti akvizice se pohybovala mezi 3,8\u00a0a\u017e 4\u00a0miliardami EUR.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm prvkem jsou syst\u00e9my C-RAM\/UAV, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je t\u0159eba pochopit, \u017ee ty, kter\u00e9 byly zahrnuty v\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edch KVA\u010cRech (Koncepce v\u00fdstavby A\u010cR), byly sp\u00ed\u0161e ur\u010deny k\u00a0obran\u011b z\u00e1kladen a\u00a0m\u011bly\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00fd dosah. Odsunut\u00ed jejich nasazen\u00ed na rok 2030\u00a0je sice \u0161koda, ale neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee bychom p\u0159i\u0161li o\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd prvek v\u00a0oblasti PVO.<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edky sv\u00fdm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm kapacit\u00e1m \u201erychle\u201c po\u0159\u00eddit celkem levn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mobiln\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f PVO s\u00a0kulometnou nebo kanonovou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed. A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0syst\u00e9my Viktor od Excalibur Army, nebo dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed Korkut. Nutno v\u0161ak podotknout, \u017ee tyto syst\u00e9my maj\u00ed omezen\u00fd dosah co do v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u00a0rychlosti c\u00edle. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce se Rusko sna\u017eilo zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fd\u0161ku letu dron\u016f Shahed nad dost\u0159el kulometn\u00fdch a\u00a0kanonov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, co\u017e vedlo k\u00a0neb\u00fdval\u00e9mu rozmachu dronov\u00fdch interceptor\u016f.
Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed m\u00e1me v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice organizace, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0drony a\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad organizace D\u00e1rek pro Putina nebo Drony Nemesis). Bohu\u017eel, to, \u017ee n\u011bkdo projde \u0161kolen\u00edm a\u00a0v\u00fdcvikem neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee syst\u00e9m bude schopen druh\u00fd den zastavit hrozbu. Implementace a\u00a0odlad\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu trv\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdcvik oper\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mus\u00ed z\u00edskat nezbytn\u00e9 zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 integrace do jednotn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu velen\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed situac\u00ed je, kdy\u017e se n\u011bkdo sna\u017e\u00ed zachr\u00e1nit sv\u011bt, ale p\u0159itom ne\u00famysln\u011b po\u0161kod\u00ed nebo sest\u0159el\u00ed vlastn\u00ed stroj.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm prvkem je militarizace sportovn\u00edch letadel pro lov dron\u016f, jak to d\u011blaj\u00ed na\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vzhledem k\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed hust\u00e9 aglomeraci by to v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice znamenalo vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na velen\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0jejich vz\u00e1jemnou dekonflikci.<\/p>\n
D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvkem rozvoje protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany je stabiln\u00ed a\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00fd rozpo\u010det kapitoly ministerstva obrany. A\u010dkoliv je protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, nesm\u00ed brzdit modernizaci a\u00a0rozvoj ostatn\u00edch slo\u017eek ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, kter\u00e9 nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00a0podobn\u00e9m stavu jako na\u0161e PVO. Tento probl\u00e9m odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed dluh z\u00a0minul\u00fdch let a\u00a0na\u0161i neochotu investovat do vlastn\u00ed obrany. Posledn\u00ed kroky sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v\u0161ak hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0naprost\u00e9m opaku. Rozpo\u010det Ministerstva obrany je sni\u017eov\u00e1n, a\u00a0navzdory uji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ministra obrany, \u017ee bude l\u00edp, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed od premi\u00e9ra zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee to tak nebude.<\/p>\n
Jak ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bch, co v\u00a0uniform\u011b zn\u00e1m: \u201eV\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby budeme bojovat p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed \u00fater\u00fd, s\u00a0t\u00edm, co m\u00e1me.\u201c<\/p>\n
JI\u0158\u00cd JIROU\u0160EK, 23.\u00a03.\u00a02026, ANAL\u00ddZA<\/p>\n
L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dinnost a\u00a0chcete tak\u00e9 podpo\u0159it pomoc Ukrajin\u011b? Pros\u00edm po\u0161lete n\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na transparentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det<\/a> 2801169198\/2010\u00a0nebo nav\u0161tivte n\u00e1\u0161 dobro\u010dinn\u00fd eshop<\/a>. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete podpo\u0159it n\u011bkter\u00fd z\u00a0na\u0161ich projekt\u016f i\u00a0na platform\u011b Donio<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta jsme sv\u011bdky zm\u011bny ve veden\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f a\u00a0protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed mnoh\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami. B\u011bhem siln\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45915,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[464,2713,5960,54,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-45914","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-drony","9":"tag-letectvo","10":"tag-protivzdusna-obrana-pvo","11":"tag-svet","12":"tag-world","13":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116350672054439776","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45914"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45914\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}