{"id":47520,"date":"2026-04-07T05:43:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T05:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/47520\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T05:43:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T05:43:17","slug":"stat-vzkazuje-soudum-pribrzdete-novy-zakon-prekresluje-hranice-svarcsystemu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/47520\/","title":{"rendered":"St\u00e1t vzkazuje soud\u016fm: \u201eP\u0159ibrzd\u011bte.\u201c Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon p\u0159ekresluje hranice \u0161varcsyst\u00e9mu"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o platformov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci se navenek tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jako technick\u00e1 norma reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na evropskou sm\u011brnici, reguluj\u00edc\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kur\u00fdr\u016f \u010di taxik\u00e1\u0159\u016f platformami, jako je Foodora, Bold nebo Uber. Ve skute\u010dnosti ale \u010desk\u00e1 norma obsahuje zm\u011bnu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na trh pr\u00e1ce mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed dopady ne\u017e samotn\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 regulace digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem. Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed do n\u00e1vrhu skrylo zm\u011bnu definice z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. <\/p>\n

Jde o z\u00e1sah do samotn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, na kter\u00e9m stoj\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edm a podnik\u00e1n\u00edm. Dosavadn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i znaky, kter\u00fdmi z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce dosud definoval z\u00e1vislou pr\u00e1ci, maj\u00ed nov\u011b nahradit pouze dva. Jde o pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1vanou jm\u00e9nem zam\u011bstnavatele a ve vztahu nad\u0159\u00edzenosti a pod\u0159\u00edzenosti. Samotn\u00fd zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fd pracovn\u00ed vztah p\u0159itom z\u00e1kon nov\u011b popisuje jasn\u011b. Zam\u011bstnavatel v n\u011bm organizuje pr\u00e1ci, kontroluje ji, d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny a pracovn\u00edk ji vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 v pracovn\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eC\u00edlem zm\u011bn je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm reagovat na judikaturu zejm\u00e9na Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu, kter\u00fd dlouhodob\u011b k\u00a0v\u00fdkladu znak\u016f z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce p\u0159istupuje extenzivn\u011b,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed v d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b<\/a> k n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o platformov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na penzi u\u017e nebude znakem \u0161varcsyst\u00e9mu<\/p>\n

Podle partnera advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Aegis Law a specialisty na pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo Tom\u00e1\u0161e Proch\u00e1zky jde o p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd posun st\u00e1tu v n\u00e1hledu na to, co je a co nen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9m pom\u011bru. \u201eD\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va v\u00fdslovn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee status zam\u011bstnance by nem\u011blo zalo\u017eit nap\u0159\u00edklad poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch benefit\u016f, p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, dopl\u0148kov\u00e9ho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo jin\u00fdch obdobn\u00fdch pln\u011bn\u00ed ze strany zam\u011bstnavatele,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Proch\u00e1zka. V praxi p\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b benefity \u010dasto slou\u017eily jako jeden z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch argument\u016f, \u017ee vztah mezi firmou a pracovn\u00edkem m\u00e1 zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n

Nov\u011b ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: podobn\u00e1 pln\u011bn\u00ed mohou firmy poskytovat i kontraktor\u016fm. D\u016fvody k tomu mohou b\u00fdt zcela legitimn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad motiva\u010dn\u00ed, stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt tak\u00e9 o prevenci pracovn\u00edch rizik. <\/p>\n

Podle Proch\u00e1zky tak nejde jen o zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona, ale o v\u011bdom\u00fd z\u00e1sah do dosavadn\u00edho v\u00fdkladu. \u201eJin\u00fdmi slovy, st\u00e1t tady vlastn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201aSoudci, pros\u00edm p\u0159ibrzd\u011bte. Nep\u0159ejeme si, abyste \u0161varcsyst\u00e9mu kolem sebe vid\u011bli tolik\u2018,\u201c m\u00edn\u00ed advok\u00e1t a partner Aegis Law.<\/p>\n

Konec ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti jako argumentu<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm rysem, kter\u00fd dosud zakl\u00e1dal podez\u0159en\u00ed na \u0161varcsyst\u00e9m, byla tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vislost kontraktora na jednom zadavateli. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soudy \u010dasto dovozovaly, \u017ee jde o skryt\u00fd pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br. Nov\u011b ale tento argument z definice miz\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00fa\u017eit prostor pro z\u00e1sahy st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ekonomick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost kontraktora na jedn\u00e9 firm\u011b dosud znamenala podaz\u0159en\u00ed na \u0161varcsyst\u00e9m. Soudy to vykl\u00e1daly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 extenzvn\u011b, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 nyn\u00ed ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a v nov\u00e9m z\u00e1konu \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 zm\u011bnu. Foto: Pixabay<\/p>\n

\u201eNa prvn\u00ed pohled je nov\u00e1 definice z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce velmi podobn\u00e1 t\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Ale p\u0159i podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed je zjevn\u00e9, \u017ee opou\u0161t\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad kontroln\u00edmi org\u00e1ny a soudy \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvanou argumentaci prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u201aekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti\u2018 zam\u011bstnance na zam\u011bstnavateli,\u201c potvrzuje Proch\u00e1zka. I to je podle n\u011bj v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 zm\u011bna a z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed prostoru pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed soud\u016f. <\/p>\n

Doh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed reality, ne revoluce<\/p>\n

Z pohledu trhu pr\u00e1ce p\u0159esto nejde o dramatick\u00fd zlom, ve kter\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 a jejich pr\u00e1vn\u00edci doufali. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se hraje o p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho stavu, kter\u00fd st\u00e1tu dlouho nezamlouval, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 s n\u00edm nedok\u00e1zal efektivn\u011b bojovat. \u201eNeozna\u010dovala bych to za revoluci, sp\u00ed\u0161 za doh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed reality, kter\u00e1 u\u017e na trhu pr\u00e1ce d\u00e1vno existuje,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editelka ManpowerGroup a prezidentka Asociace personalist\u016f \u010cR Jaroslava Rezlerov\u00e1. Na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o platformov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci se pod\u00edlela coby poradkyn\u011b ministera pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, \u017ee st\u00e1t kone\u010dn\u011b reflektuje prom\u011bnu pracovn\u00edho trhu. \u201eNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed posun vid\u00edm v samotn\u00e9m p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee vedle klasick\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed vznikl t\u0159et\u00ed sv\u011bt pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00fd u\u017e nelze ignorovat. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 oce\u0148uji, \u017ee ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed zvolilo minimalistickou transpozici sm\u011brnice,\u201c pokra\u010duje Rezlerov\u00e1. Zvolen\u00fd zp\u016fsob podle n\u00ed pln\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, ale nesna\u017e\u00ed se trh pr\u00e1ce zbyte\u010dn\u011b p\u0159eregulovat,<\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat<\/p>\n


\n \"Tejc\"
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b hled\u00e1n\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy mezi regulac\u00ed a flexibilitou pova\u017euje Rezlerov\u00e1 za z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro budoucnost pracovn\u00edho trhu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si jdou vlastn\u00ed cestou<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to logice ale n\u00e1vrh nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na sv\u016fj limit. A\u010dkoliv podle Rezlerov\u00e9 p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 existenci \u201et\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta pr\u00e1ce\u201c, v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm smyslu ho zat\u00edm nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Alespo\u0148 ne v \u0161irok\u00e9m rozsahu vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9m nap\u0159\u00edklad tak\u00e9 pro IT specialisty \u010di kreativn\u00ed profese, jako o tom debatovali experti na pracovn\u00ed trh a z\u00e1stupci st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed na prosincov\u00e9 konferenci Ekonomick\u00e9ho den\u00edku a \u010cesk\u00e9 justice Pr\u00e1vo a trh pr\u00e1ce<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesku toti\u017e p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 program\u00e1tor\u016f, kreativc\u016f i lid\u00ed z dal\u0161\u00edch profes\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0dobrovoln\u011b m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do \u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3ny \u0161varcsyst\u00e9mu. Pracuj\u00ed pro jedinou firmu, p\u0159esto u n\u00ed nejsou zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni. Nestoj\u00ed o nemocenskou, dovolenou \u010di ochranu p\u0159ed v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed. Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie PAQ Research a V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed je takov\u00fdch pseudopodnikatel\u016f v \u010cesku a\u017e\u00a0175 tis\u00edc. Jejich po\u010det nav\u00edc d\u00e1l poroste. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady vznik\u00e1 konflikt, kter\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u00fd\u00a0z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce neum\u00ed pojmenovat, nato\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n

\"\"Jak m\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo reagovat na nov\u00e9 trendy? \u010cekaj\u00ed n\u00e1s revolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny, shodli se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci konference Pr\u00e1vo a trh pr\u00e1ce. Zleva: Lenka Dufkov\u00e1 z MPSV, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Proch\u00e1zka z Aegis Law, profesor Masarykovy univerzity Petr H\u016frka, Martin Kotva z JetBrains a p\u0159edseda odbor\u016f KOVO Roman \u010eur\u010do. Foto: Radek \u010cepel\u00e1k<\/p>\n

Rezlerov\u00e1 v n\u00e1vaznosti na to nazna\u010dila, \u017ee by se m\u011blo v pracovn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch na ministerstvu pr\u00e1ce debatovat o vzniku zcela nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd by t\u0159et\u00ed re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce nastavil a p\u0159esn\u011b ukotvil. Ochranu p\u0159iznal tam, kde je opravdu nutn\u00e1, a naopak ulevil profes\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se o sebe dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed postarat samy. \u201eSpole\u010densk\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po n\u011bm ur\u010dit\u011b je. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee by se dal nov\u00fd re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce nastavit tak, aby byl aplikovateln\u00fd na nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy profes\u00ed nebo obor\u016f,\u201c uvedla Rezlerov\u00e1 v rozhovoru pro \u010ceskou justici<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bnu by uv\u00edtali i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci osloven\u00ed \u010ceskou justici\u00ed. \u201eZaveden\u00ed takzvan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu t\u0159et\u00ed pr\u00e1ce by mohlo m\u00edt velice pozitivn\u00ed vliv na \u010desk\u00fd pracovn\u00ed trh,\u201c m\u00edn\u00ed advok\u00e1tka EY Law Kate\u0159ina Suchanov\u00e1. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro tento re\u017eim v\u0161ak podle n\u00ed bude jeho legislativn\u00ed vymezen\u00ed, a to nejen z pohledu pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

Nenapln\u011bn\u00e9 ambice z\u00e1kona<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1vrh d\u0159\u00edve nast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 ambice pro t\u0159et\u00ed re\u017eim zdaleka nenaplnil. \u201eNemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by zde vznikl t\u0159et\u00ed re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce,\u201c hodnot\u00ed v\u00fdsledek advok\u00e1t Jakub Guth z Peterka Partners. P\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1kon posiluje ochranu pracovn\u00edk\u016f a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 definice, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eN\u00e1vrh sice zav\u00e1d\u00ed pojem pracovn\u00edka a d\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010ditou ochranu i lidem mimo pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br, ale hlavn\u011b v oblasti dat a algoritmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. To ale je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee vznikl plnohodnotn\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce mezi zam\u011bstnancem a OSV\u010c.\u201c<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b v\u00fdsledek hodnot\u00ed i Suchanov\u00e1 z EY Law. A\u010dkoli podle n\u00ed platformov\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm obecn\u011b n\u00e1vrh p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u00e1va a povinnosti, z pohledu pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va nad\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze dva re\u017eimy pr\u00e1ce. Jde o m\u00e9n\u011b flexibiln\u00ed zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fd re\u017eim nebo v\u00edce flexibiln\u00ed re\u017eim vykon\u00e1van\u00fd typicky OSV\u010c, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nesm\u00ed vykazovat znaky z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce spor\u016f, m\u00e9n\u011b jistoty<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon o platformov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci tak ve v\u00fdsledku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed paradox. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b reaguje na evropsk\u00fd tlak a sna\u017e\u00ed se l\u00e9pe chr\u00e1nit pracovn\u00edky v platformov\u00e9 ekonomice. Na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslabuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 dosavadn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00fdmi st\u00e1t bojoval proti \u0161varcsyst\u00e9mu. St\u00e1t tak vys\u00edl\u00e1 sign\u00e1l, \u017ee nechce pracovn\u00ed vztahy vykl\u00e1dat tak \u0161iroce jako dosud. T\u00edm podle pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na trh pr\u00e1ce novou nejistotu.<\/p>\n

\u201eM\u016f\u017eeme \u010dekat v t\u00e9to oblasti \u0159adu spor\u016f, a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude trvat roky, ne\u017e se v\u00fdklad ust\u00e1l\u00ed,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Proch\u00e1zka. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, m\u00edsto jednozna\u010dn\u00e9ho vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt obdob\u00ed, kdy se hranice mezi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edm a podnik\u00e1n\u00edm bude znovu hledat u soud\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 debata se zat\u00edm soust\u0159ed\u00ed hlavn\u011b na platformy, algoritmy a nov\u00e9 povinnosti firem, skute\u010dn\u00fd dopad z\u00e1kona se m\u016f\u017ee odehr\u00e1t jinde. Zm\u011bna definice z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce toti\u017e ur\u010duje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidla fungov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho trhu pr\u00e1ce. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdklad je tak pro budoucnost pr\u00e1ce v \u010cesku a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed firem naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o platformov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci se navenek tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jako technick\u00e1 norma reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na evropskou sm\u011brnici, reguluj\u00edc\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kur\u00fdr\u016f…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":47521,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,17929,17930,17931,6233,17932,17933,12675],"class_list":{"0":"post-47520","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-ceska-republika","9":"tag-cesko","10":"tag-czech-republic","11":"tag-czechia","12":"tag-jakub-guth","13":"tag-jaroslava-rezlerova","14":"tag-katerina-suchanova","15":"tag-osvc","16":"tag-platformova-prace","17":"tag-tomas-prochazka","18":"tag-zamestnavani"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116361835575809874","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47520"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47520\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}