{"id":48183,"date":"2026-04-07T16:30:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T16:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/48183\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T16:30:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T16:30:11","slug":"zachranu-americkeho-pilota-v-iranu-umoznila-improvizovana-zakladna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/48183\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1chranu americk\u00e9ho pilota v\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu umo\u017enila improvizovan\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1chrana d\u016fstojn\u00edka zbra\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f z\u00a0letounu F-15E Strike Eagle hluboko nad \u00cdr\u00e1nem pat\u0159ila k\u00a0nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm operac\u00edm, jak\u00e9 mohly americk\u00e9 s\u00edly podniknout. Alespo\u0148 podle vysoce postaven\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavitele, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e mluvil The New York Times (NYT)<\/a>. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i podobn\u00fdch akc\u00edch nejde jen o\u00a0samotn\u00e9 vyzvednut\u00ed izolovan\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka, ale o\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9, pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v\u00a0nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tedy p\u0159edsunut\u00e9ho m\u00edsta pro vyzbrojen\u00ed a\u00a0dopln\u011bn\u00ed paliva (FARP). <\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato improvizovan\u00e1 infrastruktura umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed vrtuln\u00edk\u016f, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0ochranu zasahuj\u00edc\u00edch jednotek. <\/p>\n

Dramatick\u00e1 mise se odehr\u00e1vala v\u00a0horsk\u00e9 oblasti pobl\u00ed\u017e Isfah\u00e1nu, kde musel Ameri\u010dan p\u0159ekonat h\u0159ebeny vysok\u00e9 a\u017e 2\u202f100\u00a0metr\u016f, shrnuly web Fortune<\/a> a\u00a0odborn\u00fd server The War Zone (TWZ)<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd k\u00a0t\u00e9matu oslovil novin\u00e1\u0159e Kylea Rempfera, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka perut\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00ed taktiky (STS)<\/a>, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil v\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku. Jeho zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 operace jsou v\u00fdsledkem dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy, nikoli improvizace na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli. <\/p>\n

\u201eNejprve \u0161lo o\u00a0standardn\u00ed denn\u00ed z\u00e1chrannou CSAR misi s\u00a0vrtuln\u00edky HH-60W a\u00a0s podporou letounu HC-130, kter\u00e1 zachr\u00e1nila pilota<\/a>. Oper\u00e1tor zbra\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u0161ak z\u016fstal nezv\u011bstn\u00fd. Situace se rychle zkomplikovala, a\u00a0proto se p\u0159e\u0161lo k\u00a0vysoce utajen\u00e9 operaci speci\u00e1ln\u00edch jednotek hluboko na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm z\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku,\u201c p\u0159ipomn\u011bl Rempfer sled ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce o\u00a0z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 operaci:<\/a><\/a> Vytipovan\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed plochy <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladem \u00fasp\u011bchu je detailn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00fdmy speci\u00e1ln\u00ed taktiky maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm konfliktu zmapovan\u00e9 des\u00edtky potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edch ploch\u00a0\u2013 od vojensk\u00fdch leti\u0161\u0165 po provizorn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. <\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f a\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00edch model\u016f hodnot\u00ed jejich rozm\u011bry, nosnost i\u00a0vhodnost pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy letoun\u016f, p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil Rempfer, jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 vytipov\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch lokalit pro vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed FARP. <\/p>\n

V praxi tak m\u016f\u017ee posta\u010dit i\u00a0jednoduch\u00fd prachov\u00fd p\u00e1s, pokud unese transportn\u00ed speci\u00e1ly typu MC-130J Commando II. <\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nezn\u00e1mou v\u0161ak podle veter\u00e1na \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 samotn\u00fd povrch, jeho \u00fanosnost, vliv po\u010das\u00ed nebo riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed p\u0159i opakovan\u00fdch p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edch. Jen t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed evakuac\u00ed se u\u00a0FARP zasekla dv\u011b transportn\u00ed letadla MC-130.\u00a0Dostupn\u00e9 informace podle NYT hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0tom, \u017ee p\u0159i v\u00edkendov\u00e9 operaci byli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nuceni uv\u00e1zlou techniku zni\u010dit, aby se nedostala do rukou \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f. To zahrnovalo i\u00a0n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch vrtuln\u00edk\u016f. <\/p>\n

\u201eZaj\u00edmav\u00fdm bodem je, pro\u010d speci\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotky \u00fadajn\u011b zni\u010dily MC-130\u00a0p\u0159i odletu. Pokud je ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verze spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, mohlo to b\u00fdt proto, \u017ee ranvej nebyla vhodn\u00e1 a\u00a0letouny se po\u0161kodily nebo uv\u00e1zly. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee s\u00a0t\u00edm po\u010d\u00edtaly jako s\u00a0p\u0159ijateln\u00fdm rizikem. Nebo mohly b\u00fdt stroje v\u00edce po\u0161kozeny nep\u0159\u00e1telskou palbou,\u201c uvedl Rempfer. <\/p>\n

Jakmile padne rozhodnut\u00ed, operace se rozb\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du minut. Letouny MC-130\u00a0p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed nejen person\u00e1l, ale i\u00a0palivo, munici a\u00a0vybaven\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladny. P\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed plocha je vyzna\u010den\u00e1, \u010dasto pomoc\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed viditeln\u00e9ho jen p\u0159es no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 pr\u016fzkum okol\u00ed, odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obrann\u00e9ho perimetru, popsal i\u00a0ze sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed Rempfer. <\/p>\n

V \u00cdr\u00e1nu bylo krom\u011b sest\u0159elen\u00e9ho F-15E\u00a0po\u0161kozeno tak\u00e9 letadlo A-10.\u00a0To poskytovalo bl\u00edzkou leteckou podporu a\u00a0havarovalo pot\u00e9, co pilot vylet\u011bl mimo \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor, napsal Fortune. Mise zahrnovala stovky p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f speci\u00e1ln\u00edch jednotek a\u00a0velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed letadel<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Ochrana a\u00a0koordinace<\/p>\n

Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provizorn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny je podle Rempfera p\u0159i podobn\u00fdch akc\u00edch pouze prvn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 je jej\u00ed obrana a\u00a0koordinace rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho leteck\u00e9ho provozu. Perimetr obvykle zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed elitn\u00ed jednotky, nap\u0159\u00edklad DEVGRU (SEAL Team 6), zat\u00edmco nad oblast\u00ed operuj\u00ed letouny poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fzkum i\u00a0palebnou podporu. <\/p>\n

Oper\u00e1to\u0159i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed taktiky<\/a> z\u00e1rove\u0148 funguj\u00ed jako lete\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1vod\u010d\u00ed, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pohyb letadel, sleduj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 trasy a\u00a0v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby nav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u00fadery na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 s\u00edly. <\/p>\n

U Isfah\u00e1nu byly lehk\u00e9 vrtuln\u00edky typu AH-6\u00a0Little Bird p\u0159ipraveny k\u00a0akci b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut a\u00a0okam\u017eit\u011b vyrazily k\u00a0c\u00edli, tedy k\u00a0ukr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmu se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkovi letectva. Situaci komplikovaly omezen\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti, zejm\u00e9na pokud se zachra\u0148ovan\u00fd voj\u00e1k skr\u00fdval a\u00a0vys\u00edlal jen ob\u010das.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 operace obvykle podle veter\u00e1na prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve vysok\u00e9m tempu a\u00a0za minim\u00e1ln\u00edho osv\u011btlen\u00ed. Dopln\u011bn\u00ed paliva se \u010dasto prov\u00e1d\u00ed za chodu motor\u016f, na neosv\u011btlen\u00e9 plo\u0161e a\u00a0pod hrozbou \u00fatoku. Riziko nep\u0159edstavuje jen nep\u0159\u00edtel, ale i\u00a0samotn\u00e1 logistick\u00e1 a\u00a0organiza\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnost, proto\u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed techniky na mal\u00e9m prostoru zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost nehody, shrnuje TWZ. <\/p>\n

Hrozby se nav\u00edc rychle m\u011bn\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0riziko n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho odhalen\u00ed, postupn\u011b v\u0161ak roste pravd\u011bpodobnost z\u00e1sahu regul\u00e9rn\u00edch jednotek, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch revolu\u010dn\u00edch gard. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le operace trv\u00e1, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je riziko jej\u00edho naru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle Rempfera tyto mise ukazuj\u00ed schopnost vytvo\u0159it do\u010dasn\u00e9 okno hluboko na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. A\u010dkoli v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0z\u00e1chranu jedin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, stejn\u00fd princip lze vyu\u017e\u00edt i\u00a0pro rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed operace. Z\u00a0improvizovan\u00e9ho prachov\u00e9ho p\u00e1su se tak b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin st\u00e1v\u00e1 plnohodnotn\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna, kter\u00e1 na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010das m\u011bn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu sil v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1chrana d\u016fstojn\u00edka zbra\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f z\u00a0letounu F-15E Strike Eagle hluboko nad \u00cdr\u00e1nem pat\u0159ila k\u00a0nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm operac\u00edm, jak\u00e9 mohly americk\u00e9 s\u00edly…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":48184,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[18141,17,21,7825,6803,16,4346,9163,18,19,22,4984,20],"class_list":{"0":"post-48183","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zpravy","8":"tag-fairchild-republic-a-10-thunderbolt-ii","9":"tag-headlines","10":"tag-hlavni-udalosti","11":"tag-konflikt-usa-izrael-iran","12":"tag-mcdonnell-douglas-boeing-f-15-eagle","13":"tag-news","14":"tag-pilot","15":"tag-specialni-jednotky","16":"tag-top-news","17":"tag-top-stories","18":"tag-udalosti-dne","19":"tag-zachranari","20":"tag-zpravy"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116364379749076614","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48183\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}