P\u0159ed sedmn\u00e1cti lety se na internetu objevil dev\u00edtistr\u00e1nkov\u00fd dokument, kter\u00fd polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady prvn\u00ed kryptom\u011bny zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Bitcoin. Z okrajov\u00e9ho experimentu technologick\u00fdch nad\u0161enc\u016f se od t\u00e9 doby stala pevn\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st glob\u00e1ln\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
Na ot\u00e1zku, kdo stoj\u00ed za jeho vznikem a skr\u00fdv\u00e1 se pod pseudonymem Sato\u0161i Nakamoto, ale dodnes s jistotou nikdo nena\u0161el odpov\u011b\u010f. Navzdory mnoha spekulac\u00edm.<\/p>\n
S mo\u017en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm t\u00e9to z\u00e1hady te\u010f p\u0159i\u0161el den\u00edk The New York Times<\/a>. Americk\u00fd list tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee za mytick\u00fdm Sato\u0161im ve skute\u010dnosti stoj\u00ed p\u011btapades\u00e1tilet\u00fd britsk\u00fd kryptograf Adam Back. Ten v\u0161ak spekulace odm\u00edtl a p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 d\u016fkazy ozna\u010dil za pouhou shodu okolnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n Spole\u010dn\u00e1 minulost v anarchistick\u00e9 komunit\u011b<\/p>\n Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch poj\u00edtek mezi Sato\u0161im a Backem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed v hnut\u00ed cypherpunk. Jde o skupinu anarchisticky orientovan\u00fdch lid\u00ed z po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli pomoc\u00ed kryptografie osvobodit jednotlivce od vl\u00e1dn\u00edho dohledu a cenzury.<\/p>\n \u201eV s\u00e9rii e-mail\u016f, kter\u00e9 si na konci 90. let vym\u011b\u0148oval se sv\u00fdmi kolegy, Back navrhl vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jak\u00e9si formy elektronick\u00e9 hotovosti, kter\u00e1 by lidem pomohla vyhnout se vl\u00e1dn\u00edm z\u00e1sah\u016fm do finan\u010dn\u00edch transakc\u00ed,\u201c uvedl den\u00edk.<\/p>\n Bitcoin<\/p>\n Bitcoin (BTC) je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed internetov\u00e1 m\u011bna. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm znakem je, \u017ee nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed autoritu, kter\u00e1 by \u0159\u00eddila nap\u0159\u00edklad mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz v ob\u011bhu. Bitcoin je navr\u017een tak, aby nikdo, ani autor nebo jin\u00ed jednotlivci, skupiny \u010di vl\u00e1dy, nemohl m\u011bnu ovliv\u0148ovat, ni\u010dit, pad\u011blat, zabavovat \u00fa\u010dty, kontrolovat pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed toky nebo zp\u016fsobovat inflaci.<\/p>\n Syst\u00e9m Bitcoinu vytvo\u0159il anonymn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 nebo skupina v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f pod pseudonymem Sato\u0161i Nakamoto. Poprv\u00e9 se objevil 3. ledna 2009. Nakamoto p\u0159i vytvo\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bny vych\u00e1zel ze sv\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, ve kter\u00e9m v \u0159\u00edjnu 2008 popsal technologii, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b vznikl Bitcoin.<\/p>\n Back z\u00e1rove\u0148 popsal koncepci decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, takzvan\u00fdch uzl\u016f, kter\u00e1 by fungovala i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by se n\u011bkolik z nich pokusilo spolupracovat a p\u0159evz\u00edt nad s\u00edt\u00ed kontrolu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na tomto principu pozd\u011bji Sato\u0161i navrhl Bitcoin.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho n\u00e1hod<\/p>\n Podle The New York Times maj\u00ed Sato\u0161i a Back spole\u010dn\u00e9 i dal\u0161\u00ed rysy. Oba se dlouhodob\u011b v\u011bnovali zabezpe\u010den\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Back je nav\u00edc odborn\u00edkem na asymetrickou kryptografii, kterou Sato\u0161i do Bitcoinu zahrnul. Oba se zab\u00fdvali problematikou e-mailov\u00e9ho spamu a navrhovali podobn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jak se ho zbavit.<\/p>\n \u201eKdy\u017e Sato\u0161i p\u0159edstavil sv\u016fj vyn\u00e1lez, str\u00e1vil dva a p\u016fl roku jeho vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm. V roce 2011 pak, jak je zn\u00e1mo, zmizel. Back postupoval podle stejn\u00e9ho vzorce, ale v opa\u010dn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed. V\u00edce ne\u017e deset let se Back t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy zapojoval do diskus\u00ed hnut\u00ed cypherpunk o elektronick\u00fdch pen\u011bz\u00edch. Kdy\u017e ale byl koncem roku 2008 p\u0159edstaven Bitcoin, nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed zhmotn\u011bn\u00ed vize, kterou nast\u00ednil, tak Back nebyl k nalezen\u00ed,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e NYT.<\/p>\n \u0160est t\u00fddn\u016f po Sato\u0161iho zmizen\u00ed Back zve\u0159ejnil sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek o Bitcoinu.<\/p>\n Backa se Sato\u0161im spojuje i styl psan\u00ed. Anal\u00fdza star\u0161\u00edch e-mail\u016f uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee sd\u00edleli \u0159adu podobn\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch n\u00e1vyk\u016f \u2013 od britsk\u00e9ho pravopisu p\u0159es pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dvou mezer mezi v\u011btami a\u017e po drobn\u00e9 chyby, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1m\u011bnu \u201eit\u2019s\u201c a \u201eits\u201c.<\/p>\n Backa podez\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed u\u017e dlouho<\/p>\n O tom, \u017ee by Back mohl b\u00fdt osoba, kter\u00e1 se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za pseudonymem tv\u016frce Bitcoinu, se spekuluje dlouho. \u201eNikdo nev\u00ed, kdo je Sato\u0161i. A to je dob\u0159e,\u201c napsal Back v roce 2024 na s\u00edti X. \u201eJsi to ty. Hned se p\u0159iznej!\u201c reagoval jeden z u\u017eivatel\u016f. \u201eJ\u00e1 to nejsem,\u201c odpov\u011bd\u011bl Back.<\/p>\n U\u017e v roce 2016 ozna\u010dil Backa za jednoho z mo\u017en\u00fdch kandid\u00e1t\u016f den\u00edk Financial Times<\/a>. Dal\u0161\u00edmi \u201epodez\u0159el\u00fdmi\u201c podle n\u011bj byli tak\u00e9 kryptograf Nick Szabo a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr Hal Finney.<\/p>\n Objevuj\u00ed se v\u0161ak i m\u00e9n\u011b v\u011brohodn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e a konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie. B\u00fdval\u00fd pracovn\u00edk spole\u010dnosti SpaceX Sahil Gupta nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 2017 tvrdil, \u017ee za Bitcoinem stoj\u00ed Elon Musk. Ten to v\u0161ak pop\u0159el.<\/p>\n Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se letos \u0161\u00ed\u0159il tak\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u00fd e-mail zesnul\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edka a sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1siln\u00edka Jeffreyho Epsteina, ve kter\u00e9m se m\u011bl k autorstv\u00ed Bitcoinu p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit. Podle ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed agentury Reuters<\/a> v\u0161ak neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o jeho pravosti a v\u0161e nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee jde o podvrh.<\/p>\n Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat: M\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1s zachr\u00e1nit jedin\u00fd zdroj energie. Expert popisuje dal\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159ed sedmn\u00e1cti lety se na internetu objevil dev\u00edtistr\u00e1nkov\u00fd dokument, kter\u00fd polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady prvn\u00ed kryptom\u011bny zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Bitcoin. Z…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49161,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[3244,778,54,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-49160","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-kryptomeny","10":"tag-svet","11":"tag-world","12":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116369774621892135","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}