{"id":49860,"date":"2026-04-09T09:41:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T09:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/49860\/"},"modified":"2026-04-09T09:41:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T09:41:10","slug":"lov-nove-vlasatice-pozorovani-komety-panstarrs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/49860\/","title":{"rendered":"Lov nov\u00e9 vlasatice: Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komety PanSTARRS"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161echno to za\u010dalo 8.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025\u00a0na slunn\u00e9 Havaji. Tamn\u00ed automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m Pan-STARRS, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le sleduje oblohu za \u00fa\u010delem vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch objekt\u016f, zachytil nen\u00e1padn\u00fd pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se bod. Po prvn\u00edch anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee jde o\u00a0t\u011bleso z\u00a0takzvan\u00e9ho Oortova oblaku a\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0n\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Foto: Miloslav Roh\u00e1\u010dek, Novinky<\/p>\n

Detailn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br na j\u00e1dro komety, takzvan\u00fd nucleus (9.\u00a0dubna 2026)<\/p>\n

Kometa C\/2025\u00a0R3 (PanSTARRS) se k\u00a0n\u00e1m dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0historii lidstva. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f jej\u00ed hyperbolick\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha pr\u016fletu kolem Slunce zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee kometa na\u0161\u00ed mate\u0159skou hv\u011bzdu jen oblet\u00ed a\u00a0pot\u00e9 bude vymr\u0161t\u011bna do mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n

Jde tedy podle v\u0161eho o\u00a0jedinou \u0161anci spat\u0159it ji, ne\u017e nav\u017edy zmiz\u00ed v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch vesm\u00edru. Kometa se moment\u00e1ln\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Pegase a\u00a0nejbl\u00ed\u017ee Slunci prolet\u00ed kolem 20.\u00a0dubna 2026.\u00a0K\u00a0Zemi se nejv\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 27.\u00a0dubna.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komety z\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek ale moc \u010dasu nen\u00ed, proto\u017ee kometa rychle kles\u00e1 k\u00a0obzoru. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 10.\u00a0dubna by mohla b\u00fdt viditeln\u00e1 na temn\u00e9 obloze i\u00a0pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima nebo b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm dalekohledem.<\/p>\n

Foto: Miloslav Roh\u00e1\u010dek, Novinky<\/p>\n

Kometa za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt postupn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Bude ale klesat st\u00e1le n\u00ed\u017e k\u00a0obzoru.<\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011bch a\u017e na druh\u00fd pokus<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00ed\u010dany u\u00a0Prahy na prvn\u00ed pohled nep\u016fsob\u00ed jako m\u00edsto vhodn\u00e9 pro astrofotografii, ale severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed obzor je u\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b tmav\u00fd, a\u00a0t\u00edm sm\u011brem se nach\u00e1z\u00ed i\u00a0kometa. Tu jsem se vydal fotit ji\u017e v\u00a0noci z\u00a06.\u00a0na 7.\u00a0dubna\u00a0p\u0159ed \u010dtvrtou\u00a0hodinou rann\u00ed na nedalek\u00e9 pole, kde je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozhled. Men\u0161\u00ed teleskop se ve\u0161el do batohu, stativ jsem musel v\u00e9st na kole.<\/p>\n

Bylo pot\u0159eba vyrovnat stativ a\u00a0um\u00edstit teleskop a\u00a0odhadnout pohledem, jestli u\u017e p\u016fjde kometa fotit. Pohl\u00e9dl jsem na oblohu a\u00a0spat\u0159il dvojici hv\u011bzd Matar a\u00a0Scheat (Eta a\u00a0Beta Pegasi), dole nad obzorem u\u017e vykukoval Markab (Alpha Pegasi). A\u00a0kdesi na p\u016fli cesty mezi nimi se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kometa.<\/p>\n

Trochu m\u011b znerv\u00f3z\u0148ovaly nedalek\u00e9 stromy a\u00a0\u0159ada ke\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 sahaly do podobn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky jako kometa. Prvn\u00ed pokus o\u00a0zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed selhal. Za\u010d\u00ednal jsem se b\u00e1t, \u017ee to nep\u016fjde, proto\u017ee kometa nevystoup\u00ed nad zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 ke\u0159e. P\u0159esun byl mo\u017en\u00fd, ale musel bych znovu opakovat celou ustavovac\u00ed proceduru. Prvn\u00ed sn\u00edmek dopadl zle: p\u016flka fotky byla zakryt\u00e1 korunou stromu a\u00a0kometa se objevovala t\u011bsn\u011b nad n\u00edm. Bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee takto to nep\u016fjde.<\/p>\n

Foto: Miloslav Roh\u00e1\u010dek, Novinky<\/p>\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na focen\u00ed, tzv. star tracker, je na m\u00edst\u011b, te\u010f je\u0161t\u011b vybalancovat a\u00a0ru\u010dn\u011b naj\u00edt kometu na obloze. Snad se b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edpravy nic nepokaz\u00ed, okno na jej\u00ed zachycen\u00ed nen\u00ed velk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Rozhodl jsem se p\u0159esunout asi o\u00a050\u00a0metr\u016f d\u00e1l a\u00a0hned\u00a0prvn\u00ed sn\u00edmek uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee risk s\u00a0p\u0159esunem se vyplatil. U\u017e na testovac\u00ed p\u011btisekundov\u00e9 expozici byla vid\u011bt z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed zelenav\u00e1 te\u010dka. Expozici jsem zvedl\u00a0na 20\u00a0sekund a\u00a0\u010dekal.<\/p>\n

Sn\u00edmek se objevil a\u00a0na n\u011bm byla u\u017e kometa pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e1, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1znaku ohonu. Sn\u00edmky jsem se rozhodl ukl\u00e1dat po minutov\u00fdch sekvenc\u00edch slo\u017een\u00fdch z\u00a020-,\u00a0posl\u00e9ze 30sekundov\u00fdch sub-expozic. Jak data p\u0159ib\u00fdvala, tu\u0161il jsem, \u017ee celkov\u00fd slo\u017een\u00fd\u00a0sn\u00edmek asi bude st\u00e1t za tuhle n\u00e1mahu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se za\u010d\u00ednalo na v\u00fdchod\u011b pomalu rozedn\u00edvat, kometa na sn\u00edmc\u00edch postupn\u011b mizela a\u00a0za\u010d\u00ednala p\u0159eva\u017eovat z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u017elutav\u00e1 barva. Bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee je konec. Sbalil jsem v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u0159esunul se dom\u016f, kde jsem sn\u00edmky okam\u017eit\u011b zpracoval. <\/p>\n

Foto: Miloslav Roh\u00e1\u010dek, Novinky<\/p>\n

Kometa v\u00a0noci ze 7.\u00a0na 8.\u00a0dubna\u00a0byla u\u017e mnohem v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed noc z\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd na st\u0159edu u\u017e byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To jsem si p\u0159ibalil je\u0161t\u011b cel\u00fd star tracker (p\u0159\u00edstroj schopn\u00fd sledovat pohyb hv\u011bzd),\u00a0dv\u011b zrcadlovky a\u00a0n\u011bkolik objektiv\u016f. Rozhodl jsem se vyzkou\u0161et st\u0159edn\u00ed cestu s\u00a0200mm objektivem. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou bylo ru\u010dn\u011b kometu na obloze naj\u00edt a\u00a0zam\u011b\u0159it, co\u017e se podle navigace nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch jasn\u00fdch hv\u011bzd poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b snadno.<\/p>\n

Hned na prvn\u00edm sn\u00edmku bylo jasn\u011b viditeln\u00e9 zelenav\u00e9 sv\u011btlo a\u00a0ohon komety. Noc u\u017e byla op\u011bt chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed venku v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch nebylo p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ale st\u00e1le snesiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e podobn\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 akce z\u00a0ledna \u010di \u00fanora. <\/p>\n

Foto: Miloslav Roh\u00e1\u010dek, Novinky<\/p>\n

Detailn\u00ed pohled na j\u00e1dro komety. Fotografie byla po\u0159\u00edzena r\u00e1no 9.\u00a0dubna\u00a0pomoc\u00ed velk\u00e9ho teleskopu C8\u00a0po 30sekundov\u00fdch intervalech.<\/p>\n

Nakonec se poda\u0159ilo kometu zachytit i \u201ehlavn\u00edm\u201c teleskopem, kter\u00fd je trvale ustaven nedaleko m\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b. Ten d\u00edky sv\u00e9 povaze a\u00a0nastaven\u00ed nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 jen tak p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et. Hlavn\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem byly nedalek\u00e9 st\u0159echy a\u00a0vrcholky strom\u016f. Ve \u010dtvrtek r\u00e1no (9.\u00a0dubna 2026) se ale naskytla p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost kometu zam\u00ed\u0159it ve chv\u00edli, kdy se l\u00edn\u011b vyhoupla nad nedalek\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek zpracovan\u00fdch fotek m\u011b p\u0159ekvapil, vzhledem ke st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b jasn\u00e9mu M\u011bs\u00edci vznikl unik\u00e1tn\u00ed detailn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br na j\u00e1dro komety s\u00a0dob\u0159e vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fdm \u0161edav\u00fdm chvostem. Z\u00e1b\u011bry ze zrcadlovky odhaluj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st komety a\u00a0d\u00e9lku jej\u00edho ohonu. <\/p>\n

Komety jsou specialitou v\u00a0r\u00e1mci astrofotografie. Jejich focen\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161uje od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u201erutiny\u201c, kter\u00e1\u00a0je spojena s\u00a0focen\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed \u010di mlhovin. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee kometa se na pozad\u00ed hv\u011bzd pohybuje, tak\u017ee standardn\u00ed postupy pro skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed fotek podle hv\u011bzd \u201ena sebe\u201c nefunguj\u00ed a\u00a0mus\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edt sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody se zacentrov\u00e1n\u00edm na j\u00e1dro komety.<\/p>\n

C\/2025\u00a0R3 (PanSTARRS) je dal\u0161\u00ed kometa do sb\u00edrky, kter\u00e1 u\u017e jen za posledn\u00ed dva\u00a0roky \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 hned n\u011bkolik polo\u017eek. Tato se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi ty v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0fotogeni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Odkud se vlastn\u011b komety berou?<\/p>\n

Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b k\u00a0n\u00e1m p\u0159ilet\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy des\u00edtky komet, n\u011bkter\u00e9 se vrac\u00ed opakovan\u011b. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se k\u00a0n\u00e1m dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0oblasti zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Oort\u016fv oblak. Ot\u00e1zkou, odkud se komety berou, se zab\u00fdvali astronomov\u00e9 u\u017e d\u00e1vno. V\u00a0roce 1932\u00a0vyslovil estonsk\u00fd astronom Ernst \u00d6pik hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 komety poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0jak\u00e9hosi sf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho oblaku, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m okraji Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n

Stejnou my\u0161lenku n\u00e1sledn\u011b rozvinul nizozemsk\u00fd astronom Jan Hendrik Oort. Tento v\u011bdec studoval rozlo\u017een\u00ed drah jednotliv\u00fdch komet. Oort si v\u0161iml, \u017ee dr\u00e1hy v\u011bt\u0161iny dlouhoperiodick\u00fdch komet le\u017e\u00ed ve vzd\u00e1lenosti asi 20\u00a0000\u00a0AU (1\u00a0AU je zhruba 149,6\u00a0milion\u016f kilometr\u016f), a\u00a0tedy \u017ee mus\u00ed existovat jak\u00e1si \u201ekometov\u00e1 porodnice\u201c.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0obrovsk\u00fdm vzd\u00e1lenostem je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 z\u00edskat o\u00a0tomto hypotetick\u00e9m \u00fatvaru p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace. V\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o\u00a0Oortov\u011b mra\u010dnu poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze studi\u00ed dlouhoperiodick\u00fdch komet a\u00a0simulac\u00ed. Ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Oortova oblaku by se podle odhad\u016f m\u011blo nach\u00e1zet n\u011bkolik bilion\u016f mal\u00fdch objekt\u016f s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brem ne v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 1\u00a0km. Co se komet t\u00fd\u010de, odhady \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee oblak m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat miliardy komet, jejich\u017e velikost p\u0159esahuje 20\u00a0km.<\/p>\n

Mezi ty v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159ila t\u0159eba Hale-Bopp, kterou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat v\u00a0roce 1996.\u00a0Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed Halleyova kometa, kter\u00e1 se k\u00a0n\u00e1m znovu vr\u00e1t\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2061.\u00a0V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech jsme m\u011bli celkem \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komety. Vzpome\u0148me t\u0159eba na okem pozorovatelnou kometu C\/2023\u00a0A3 (Tsuchinshan\u2013ATLAS), kterou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat b\u011bhem konce roku 2024\u00a0i\u00a0od n\u00e1s. Z\u00a0posledn\u00ed doby to byla t\u0159eba v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kometa C\/2025\u00a0A6 (Lemmon).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u0161echno to za\u010dalo 8.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025\u00a0na slunn\u00e9 Havaji. Tamn\u00ed automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m Pan-STARRS, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le sleduje oblohu za \u00fa\u010delem vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49861,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[18469,2727,3706,18024,18470,74,73,78,75,77,76,1540],"class_list":["post-49860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-astrofotograf","tag-astronomie","tag-fotografie","tag-kometa","tag-kometa-c-2025-r3-panstarrs","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vesmir"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116374095993453690","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49860"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49860\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}