Tato situace nen\u00ed anom\u00e1lie\u00a0\u2013 je to syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st olympijsk\u00e9ho antidopingov\u00e9ho programu. Vzorky z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdch her se uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e deset let a\u00a0opakovan\u011b testuj\u00ed nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi metodami. Program zp\u011btn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0Pekingu 2008\u00a0a\u00a0Lond\u00fdna 2012\u00a0vedl<\/a> k\u00a0diskvalifikaci p\u0159es 130\u00a0sportovc\u016f, z\u00a0toho nejm\u00e9n\u011b 50\u00a0medailist\u016f. Tot\u00e9\u017e nyn\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1 vzorky z\u00a0Mil\u00e1na 2026: ITA je ulo\u017e\u00ed<\/a> v\u00a0centralizovan\u00e9m skladu a\u00a0budou k\u00a0dispozici pro opakovan\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a\u017e do roku 2036.<\/p>\n Je tedy statisticky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u00e9, \u017ee i\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 medaile z\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9 olympi\u00e1dy budou nakonec putovat zp\u011bt, pota\u017emo k\u00a0nov\u00fdm dr\u017eitel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1vodech skon\u010dili mimo medailov\u00e9 pozice. Ot\u00e1zka nezn\u00ed \u201ezda\u201c, ale \u201ekolik\u201c. A\u00a0abychom na ni mohli alespo\u0148 orienta\u010dn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt, mus\u00edme se pod\u00edvat na to, co v\u00edme\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0hlavn\u011b co nev\u00edme\u00a0\u2013 o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9m rozsahu dopingu ve vrcholov\u00e9m sportu.<\/p>\n Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla a\u00a0jejich st\u00edn<\/p>\n Od zalo\u017een\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 antidopingov\u00e9 agentury (WADA) v\u00a0roce 1999\u00a0se pod\u00edl pozitivn\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f dr\u017e\u00ed stabiln\u011b v\u00a0p\u00e1smu kolem 1-2\u00a0% v\u0161ech test\u016f. V\u00a0roce 2012\u00a0to bylo 1,76\u00a0%<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 4\u00a0723\u00a0pozitivn\u00edch z\u00a0267\u00a0645\u00a0vzork\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch dat za rok 2023\u00a0odebraly akreditovan\u00e9 laborato\u0159e v\u00a0olympijsk\u00fdch sportech 238\u00a0827\u00a0vzork\u016f a\u00a0zaznamenaly<\/a> pozitivn\u00ed nebo atypick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy u\u00a00,73\u00a0% z\u00a0nich.<\/p>\n Toto zd\u00e1nliv\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pozoruhodn\u011b stabiln\u00ed. Ani v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 ze zhruba 117\u00a0tis\u00edc kontrol v\u00a0roce 2000\u00a0na v\u00edce ne\u017e 275\u00a0tis\u00edc v\u00a0roce 2008\u00a0\u2013 pod\u00edlem pozitivn\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011bji nepohnulo. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed se dv\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: bu\u010f je doping vz\u00e1cn\u00fd jev, nebo jsou podvodn\u00edci dostate\u010dn\u011b obratn\u00ed, aby test\u016fm unikali. Dostupn\u00e1 data bohu\u017eel nazna\u010duj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e tu druhou mo\u017enost.<\/p>\n Studie, kterou si v\u00a0roce 2011\u00a0objednala sama WADA, se pokusila na ot\u00e1zku, \u201ejak je doping roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd\u201c, zodpov\u011bd\u011bt metodou anonymn\u00edho dotazn\u00edku mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta v\u00a0atletice v\u00a0jihokorejsk\u00e9m Tegu. T\u00fdm autor\u016f oslovil 2\u00a0167\u00a0z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f. Metoda zaru\u010dovala respondent\u016fm naprostou anonymitu\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nevid\u011bli konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi, jen statistick\u00fd v\u00fdsledek cel\u00e9ho vzorku.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledek byl m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno pozoruhodn\u00fd: 43,6\u00a0% atlet\u016f p\u0159iznalo u\u017eit\u00ed zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch 12\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Na Panarabsk\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch v\u00a0Dauh\u00e1, kde stejn\u00fd t\u00fdm provedl paraleln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum, to bylo 57,1\u00a0%. Pozitivn\u00edch dopingov\u00fdch test\u016f p\u0159itom na obou t\u011bchto \u0161ampion\u00e1tech bylo jen 0,5\u20133,6\u00a0%<\/a>.<\/p>\n Studie vy\u0161la v\u00a0\u010dasopise Sports Medicine a\u017e v\u00a0roce 2018\u00a0\u2013 s\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161estilet\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. Den\u00edk The Guardian zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ozna\u010dil za \u201eskand\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c a\u00a0citoval autory<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed nazna\u010dovali, \u017ee sportovn\u00ed organizace nem\u011bly z\u00e1jem na zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed nepohodln\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n Je ov\u0161em nutn\u00e9 dodat, \u017ee odhad 43\u00a0% nen\u00ed nezpochybniteln\u00fd. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed reanal\u00fdza dat odli\u0161nou statistickou metodou Single Sample Count, publikovan\u00e1 ve Frontiers in Sports and Active Living v\u00a0roce 2022, dosp\u011bla<\/a> k\u00a0podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edsl\u016fm a\u00a0jej\u00ed auto\u0159i upozornili, \u017ee \u201ev\u011bt\u0161ina jin\u00fdch studi\u00ed odhaduje m\u00edru dopingu mezi 0\u00a0a\u00a025\u00a0%\u201c. Nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 americk\u00e1 studie z\u00a0roku 2024, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 USADA p\u0159\u00edmo oslovila 1\u00a0398\u00a0elitn\u00edch sportovc\u016f, vy\u010d\u00edslila m\u00edru roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dopov\u00e1n\u00ed na 6,5\u20139,2\u00a0%<\/a>. Statistick\u00fd model zalo\u017een\u00fd na datech od atlet\u016f na MS 2011\u00a0pak odhadl prevalenci samotn\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho dopingu na 18\u00a0%<\/a>.<\/p>\n Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo tedy s\u00a0vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkde mezi ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm 1-2\u00a0% a\u00a0horn\u00ed hranic\u00ed 44\u00a0%: \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch des\u00edtk\u00e1ch procent. I\u00a0p\u0159i konzervativn\u00edm odhadu kolem 10\u00a0% je to p\u011bti- a\u017e desetin\u00e1sobek toho, co testy zachyt\u00ed.<\/p>\n Mimochodem, zimn\u00ed hry maj\u00ed historicky ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru<\/a> dopingov\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f ne\u017e letn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 0,28\u00a0% pozitivn\u00edch test\u016f oproti 0,44\u00a0% v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1968\u20132014.\u00a0D\u016fvody jsou asi d\u00e1ny jak rozd\u00edly v\u00a0tom, kdo v\u0161echno se testuje, tak i\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee na zimn\u00edch hr\u00e1ch je m\u00e9n\u011b opravdu dob\u0159e finan\u010dn\u011b hodnocen\u00fdch sport\u016f.<\/p>\n To ov\u0161em neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee zimn\u00ed sporty jsou \u010dist\u00e9. B\u011bh na ly\u017e\u00edch je historicky \u201enejnadopovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm\u201c olympijsk\u00fdm sportem po vzp\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0atletice. Na MS v\u00a0Lahti 2001\u00a0padlo \u0161est finsk\u00fdch ly\u017ea\u0159\u016f<\/a> na krevn\u00ed doping a\u00a0odhalen\u00ed systematick\u00e9ho dopingu mezi rusk\u00fdmi sportovci v\u00a0So\u010di v\u00a0roce 2014\u00a0nakonec odhalilo<\/a> v\u00edce ne\u017e sto provinilc\u016f.<\/p>\n Tradice p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm aneb \u010d\u00edm se dopuje<\/p>\n Navzdory tomu, jak pestrou paletu zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek \u201eantidopingov\u00e9\u201c seznamy obsahuj\u00ed, j\u00e1dro dopingov\u00e9ho reperto\u00e1ru se za dv\u011b dek\u00e1dy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u011bnilo. A\u00a0v\u00e9vod\u00ed mu st\u00e1le tat\u00e1\u017e kategorie: anabolick\u00e9 steroidy.<\/p>\n Dvacetilet\u00e1 anal\u00fdza dat z\u00a0akreditovan\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed WADA potvrdila<\/a>, \u017ee anabolick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky tvo\u0159\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b a\u00a0stabiln\u011b kolem 40\u201350\u00a0% v\u0161ech pozitivn\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f. V\u00a0roce 2023\u00a0\u0161lo<\/a> o\u00a01\u00a0660\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f z\u00a0celkov\u00fdch 3\u00a0724\u00a0detekc\u00ed. D\u016fvod je prost\u00fd: steroidy funguj\u00ed. Stimuluj\u00ed synt\u00e9zu b\u00edlkovin ve svalov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tvrd\u0161\u00ed tr\u00e9nink a\u00a0rychlej\u0161\u00ed regeneraci\u00a0\u2013 pro ka\u017ed\u00fd sport, kde rozhoduje s\u00edla a\u00a0v\u00fdbu\u0161nost, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n Nej\u010dast\u011bji detekovanou l\u00e1tkou je testosteron, a\u00a0to z\u00a0dobr\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu: t\u011blo ho p\u0159irozen\u011b produkuje, tak\u017ee odli\u0161it syntetick\u00fd od vlastn\u00edho vy\u017eaduje n\u00e1kladnou izotopovou anal\u00fdzu, kterou laborato\u0159e neprov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku.<\/p>\n Druhou velkou kategorii tvo\u0159\u00ed metody zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159enos kysl\u00edku v\u00a0krvi\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fd hormon EPO (erytropoetin) a\u00a0krevn\u00ed transfuze. V\u00a0celkov\u00fdch statistik\u00e1ch p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zhruba 15\u00a0% elitn\u00edch dopingov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, ale ve vytrvalostn\u00edch sportech dominuj\u00ed. EPO, p\u016fvodn\u011b l\u00e9k na an\u00e9mii, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a090.\u00a0letech zm\u011bnil k\u00a0nepozn\u00e1n\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed cyklistiku.<\/p>\n Detekce EPO v\u00a0mo\u010di p\u0159i\u0161la a\u017e na olympi\u00e1d\u011b v\u00a0Sydney 2000\u00a0\u2013 tedy po v\u00edce ne\u017e dek\u00e1d\u011b voln\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u00a0i dnes sportovci aplikuj\u00ed mikrod\u00e1vky, kter\u00e9 se z\u00a0t\u011bla vyplav\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin, co\u017e klasick\u00fd test zachyt\u00ed jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto byl v\u00a0roce\u00a02009\u00a0zaveden biologick\u00fd pas sportovce<\/a>, kter\u00fd sleduje dlouhodob\u00e9 trendy v\u00a0krevn\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch a\u00a0signalizuje podez\u0159el\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy, i\u00a0kdy\u017e v\u00a0moment\u011b odb\u011bru \u017e\u00e1dnou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed l\u00e1tku nedetekuje.<\/p>\n T\u0159et\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou skupinu pak tvo\u0159\u00ed stimulanty a\u00a0tak\u00e9 \u201emaskuj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c l\u00e1tky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 \u0159ed\u00ed mo\u010d, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euj\u00ed koncentraci jin\u00fdch zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n Dopingov\u00e1 farmakologie se m\u011bn\u00ed pomaleji, ne\u017e by laik \u010dekal. Ob\u010das ale dojde k\u00a0prudk\u00e9mu zlomu: p\u0159\u00edkladem je meldonium, l\u00e9k na srdce \u0161iroce u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 antidopingov\u00e1 agentura ho zak\u00e1zala od 1.\u00a0ledna 2016\u00a0a\u00a0v tom roce pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostl pod\u00edl pozitivn\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a01,26\u00a0% na 1,60\u00a0%<\/a>\u00a0\u2013, proto\u017ee des\u00edtky sportovc\u016f nestihly nebo necht\u011bly l\u00e9k vysadit. V\u00a0roce 2017\u00a0pod\u00edl op\u011bt klesl<\/a>, jakmile se sportovci p\u0159izp\u016fsobili nov\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm a\u00a0dohledu.<\/p>\n Epizoda s\u00a0meldoniem dob\u0159e ukazuje dynamiku dopingov\u00e9ho \u201etrhu\u201c: ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1kaz nov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky vyvol\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst z\u00e1chytu, po n\u011bm\u017e k\u0159ivka op\u011bt kles\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 nikoli proto, \u017ee by doping zmizel, ale proto, \u017ee se podvodn\u00edci p\u0159izp\u016fsobili nov\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n Kdo by to nezkusil<\/p>\n Doping ve vrcholov\u00e9m sportu nen\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem mor\u00e1ln\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f. Je to syst\u00e9mov\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd lze popsat jazykem teorie her\u00a0\u2013 jako variantu takzvan\u00e9ho v\u011bz\u0148ova dilematu<\/a>.<\/p>\n Situace vypad\u00e1 takto: pravidla doping zakazuj\u00ed a\u00a0v\u0161ichni sportovci by ide\u00e1ln\u011b preferovali \u010distou sout\u011b\u017e. Jen\u017ee jakmile se \u010d\u00e1st konkurent\u016f rozhodne pravidla poru\u0161it a\u00a0z\u016fstane neodhalena, \u010dist\u00ed sportovci \u010del\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 volb\u011b\u00a0\u2013 dopovat tak\u00e9, nebo akceptovat pravd\u011bpodobnou prohru. V\u00fdsledkem je kask\u00e1da: doping jedn\u011bch vyvol\u00e1 doping dal\u0161\u00edch. Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed cyklistika v\u00a090.\u00a0letech tento mechanismus p\u0159edvedla v\u00a0krystalick\u00e9 podob\u011b. Jakmile se v\u00a0pelotonu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo EPO, \u201e\u010dist\u00ed\u201c z\u00e1vodn\u00edci \u201evyho\u0159eli ve snaze<\/a> udr\u017eet krok s\u00a0nadopovan\u00fdmi konkurenty\u201c\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina nakonec podlehla.<\/p>\n Kask\u00e1du poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 pob\u00eddky. Letn\u00ed olympijsk\u00e9 hry generuj\u00ed sponzorsk\u00e9 smlouvy a\u00a0kari\u00e9rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed ve sportu obdoby. Expert na d\u011bjiny dopingu John Hoberman to shrnul<\/a> v\u00a0rozhovoru pro The Guardian: \u201eCel\u00fd syst\u00e9m elitn\u00edho sportu do sebe zabudoval takov\u00e9 pob\u00eddky k\u00a0dopov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee jsou v\u00a0podstat\u011b neodolateln\u00e9.\u201c Jak u\u017e jsme \u0159\u00edkali, v\u00a0zimn\u00edch sportech je finan\u010dn\u00ed tlak ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 men\u0161\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed trh, m\u00e9n\u011b sponzor\u016f\u00a0\u2013, co\u017e \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btluje zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159e pozitivn\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f.<\/p>\n K ekonomick\u00e9 logice se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 psychologie. Sportovci racionalizuj\u00ed doping p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee \u201eostatn\u00ed to d\u011blaj\u00ed taky\u201c\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0\u010dasto maj\u00ed bohu\u017eel pravdu. Legenda (p\u016fvodn\u011b cyklistick\u00e1, posl\u00e9ze v\u0161ak dopingov\u00e1) Lance Armstrong sv\u016fj systematick\u00fd dopingov\u00fd program po l\u00e9ta omlouval jako vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde dopovala v\u011bt\u0161ina pelotonu.<\/p>\n Fanou\u0161ci a\u00a0sponzo\u0159i naopak podl\u00e9haj\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00e9mu zkreslen\u00ed: cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee jejich hrdina je \u010dist\u00fd, a\u00a0ignoruj\u00ed varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Tento dvoj\u00ed klam\u00a0\u2013 sportovce i\u00a0publika\u00a0\u2013 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u00a0chodu.<\/p>\n Detekce a\u00a0jej\u00ed budoucnost<\/p>\n Antidopingov\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro Mil\u00e1n 2026\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje zat\u00edm nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edolympijsk\u00fd program v\u00a0historii zimn\u00edch her. ITA otestovala<\/a> 92\u00a0% z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm\u00a0\u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e 7\u00a0100\u00a0kontrol na 2\u00a0900\u00a0sportovc\u016f za \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. A\u00a0stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch her, i\u00a0tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161echny vzorky odebran\u00e9 b\u011bhem her poputuj\u00ed<\/a> do mraz\u00e1k\u016f, kde budou k\u00a0dispozici pro opakovan\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a\u017e do roku 2036.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1v\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f je dnes nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1strojem. Zdokonalen\u00ed detekce steroidn\u00edch metabolit\u016f umo\u017enilo zp\u011btn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z\u00a0Ria, kter\u00e9 byly je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed deseti lety nemysliteln\u00e9. Izotopov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uhl\u00edku (GC\/C\/IRMS), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 ze v\u0161ech metod nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1chytnost, se p\u0159itom st\u00e1le zdokonaluje. A\u00a0ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd biologick\u00fd pas sportovce p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvu.<\/p>\n Zaj\u00edmavou a\u00a0zat\u00edm trochu otev\u0159enou ot\u00e1zkou do budoucna je ot\u00e1zka tzv. genov\u00e9ho dopingu\u00a0\u2013 c\u00edlen\u00e9 \u00fapravy DNA sportovce pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f jako CRISPR. WADA ho zak\u00e1zala<\/a> u\u017e v\u00a0roce 2003, tedy d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e by ho kdokoli mohl re\u00e1ln\u011b vyzkou\u0161et.<\/p>\n Jak by takov\u00fd doping mohl fungovat? V\u00a0laborato\u0159\u00edch v\u011bdci nap\u0159\u00edklad vytvo\u0159ili my\u0161i<\/a> s\u00a0vy\u0159azen\u00fdm genem pro myostatin, p\u0159irozen\u00fd omezova\u010d svalov\u00e9ho r\u016fstu\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fdsledkem byla zv\u00ed\u0159ata s\u00a0dvojn\u00e1sobnou svalovou hmotou.<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fitness-1348867-1920.jpeg\")
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