{"id":52132,"date":"2026-04-11T18:17:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/52132\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T18:17:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:17:10","slug":"rizeni-po-drate-vidime-v-autech-stale-casteji-jake-jsou-vyhody-a-nevyhody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/52132\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed po dr\u00e1t\u011b vid\u00edme v autech st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji. Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody?"},"content":{"rendered":"

O \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po dr\u00e1t\u011b neboli steer-by-wire (SBW) jsme v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b u\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t psali. V\u011bt\u0161inou v souvislosti s t\u00edm uveden\u00edm nov\u00e9ho modelu, kter\u00fd tuhle supermodern\u00ed techniku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Ur\u010dit\u011b proto v\u00edte, \u017ee ji najdete nejen u Tesly, ale tak\u00e9 u Lexusu nebo dokonce mal\u00e9ho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho u\u017eitkov\u00e9ho vozu zna\u010dky Farizon. To dokazuje, \u017ee nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pouze techniky sofistikovan\u00fdm voz\u016fm, ale \u017ee jej\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed je mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. Jako prvn\u00ed ji u\u017e v roce 2013 uvedlo Infiniti na modelu Q50. To se tehdy nab\u00edzelo i na \u010desk\u00e9m trhu, tak\u017ee jsme si mohli tohle \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et v praxi p\u0159i testu uveden\u00e9ho modelu.<\/p>\n

V Q50 ale na prvn\u00ed pohled nic nep\u0159ipom\u00ednalo, \u017ee mezi volantem a \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm nen\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed. Volant byl stejn\u00fd jako u verze s konven\u010dn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Pravdou je, \u017ee vjemy zpoza volantu byly v Q50 trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. To v\u0161ak bylo p\u0159ed 12 lety, tak\u017ee za tu dobu technika zase pokro\u010dila.<\/p>\n

P\u0159evod podle p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Dnes auta nebo p\u0159esn\u011bji modely s t\u00edmhle typem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prozrad\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled nezvykl\u00fd volant, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddidlo (berany) n\u011bkter\u00fdch zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00edch letadel. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v podstat\u011b hranat\u00fd tvar, nav\u00edc s ne\u00fapln\u00fdm v\u011bncem, dovoluje pr\u00e1v\u011b jedna z vlastnost\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee volant nen\u00ed s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm a pota\u017emo p\u0159edn\u00edmi \u0159\u00eddic\u00edmi koly pevn\u011b spojen, lze relativn\u011b snadno doc\u00edlit teoreticky nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159evod\u016f. P\u0159evod \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit s mno\u017estv\u00edm vstupn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Jde zejm\u00e9na o polom\u011br zat\u00e1\u010dky a rychlost. P\u0159i pomal\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b a to\u010den\u00ed volantem na m\u00edst\u011b tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed strm\u00e9 jak v monopostu formule 1. Mezi pln\u00fdmi rejdy tak sta\u010d\u00ed ani ne jedna ot\u00e1\u010dka. \u0158idi\u010d tak nemus\u00ed na volantu p\u0159ehmat\u00e1vat a m\u016f\u017ee jej dr\u017eet v poloze t\u0159i \u010dtvrt\u011b na t\u0159i. Se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se rychlost\u00ed se p\u0159evod zv\u011bt\u0161uje, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b strm\u00e9, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke stabilit\u011b j\u00edzdy.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd<\/a>Nov\u00fd podvozek od ZF bude dokonal\u00e1 unifikace. A je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce po dr\u00e1tech<\/a><\/p>\n

Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu \u0159idi\u010d\u016f se takov\u00e9 auto p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bji \u0159\u00edd\u00ed, jeliko\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed neb\u00fdvale agiln\u011b, co\u017e s pevn\u00fdm p\u0159evodem, ale i prom\u011bnn\u00fdm dle \u00fahlu nato\u010den\u00ed volantu (VW Progresivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), lze dos\u00e1hnout jen s omezen\u00edm. O n\u011bco lep\u0161\u00ed to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159i aktivn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vozy Audi, BMW, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i star\u0161\u00ed luxusy. U nich je mezi volant a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vlo\u017eena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159evodovka, kter\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost \u00fahlu nato\u010den\u00ed volantu na vych\u00fdlen\u00fdch p\u0159edn\u00edch kolech. V praxi to ale p\u016fsob\u00ed trochu um\u011ble.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k absenci volantov\u00e9 ty\u010de nehroz\u00ed p\u0159i \u010deln\u00edm n\u00e1razu pr\u016fnik \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (volantu) do kabiny. Tedy parametr, kter\u00fd se v dob\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bari\u00e9rov\u00fdch test\u016f nejv\u00edce \u0159e\u0161il. S t\u00edm souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 konverze auta na pravostrann\u00e9 a levostrann\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kdy nepot\u0159ebujete dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00edly, ale sta\u010d\u00ed jen jeden. Tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba m\u011bnit uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v motorov\u00e9m prostoru, co\u017e s konven\u010dn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm n\u011bkdy pot\u0159ebujete. Byly i p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 modely existovaly pouze s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b. Prost\u011b nebylo kudy motorov\u00fdm prostorem v\u00e9st h\u0159\u00eddel volantu, t\u0159eba z d\u016fvodu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed turbodmychadla nebo jin\u00e9ho komponentu.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hmotnost, snadn\u00e1 zm\u011bna posilov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku a tak\u00e9 jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed aplikace asisten\u010dn\u00edch a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW vysoce komfortn\u00ed, jeliko\u017e se do volantu nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed d\u016fsledky odvalov\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159edn\u00edch kol s pneumatikou po r\u016fzn\u00e9m povrchu. Je to tedy maxim\u00e1ln\u011b komfortn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Auto jako PlayStation<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod my\u0161lenky \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW poch\u00e1z\u00ed z letectv\u00ed, kde se to naz\u00fdv\u00e1 FBW (Fly-by-Wire). P\u016fvodn\u011b bylo analogov\u00e9, pozd\u011bji digit\u00e1ln\u00ed. Snad prvn\u00edm strojem, kter\u00fd to pou\u017e\u00edval, byl v\u00fdsadkov\u00fd modul lodi Apollo, v n\u011bm\u017e p\u0159ist\u00e1vali dva ameri\u010dt\u00ed astronauti na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce. Z letadel to jako prvn\u00ed dostal letoun General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon, coby takzvan\u00fd stroj s \u201evysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm man\u00e9vrovatelnosti\u201c, co\u017e dovolilo pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed FBW. Poprv\u00e9 nebyla \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed p\u00e1ka uprost\u0159ed kabiny v ose s pilotn\u00edm sedadlem, ale na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b (konzole) kokpitu\u00a0v podob\u011b joysticku jako v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 h\u0159e. K ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed letounu toti\u017e poprv\u00e9 nebylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed sval\u016f.<\/p>\n

U letadel s FBW si zejm\u00e9na piloti zvykl\u00ed na konven\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed na nedostatek citu a zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby. Typick\u00e9 p\u0159i p\u0159echodu z Boeingu 737, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 konven\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, na Airbus A320, jen\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed FBW.<\/p>\n

\"Toyota<\/a>Toyota za\u010dne vyr\u00e1b\u011bt auta s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u201epo dr\u00e1t\u011b\u201c v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce<\/a><\/p>\n

U aut se SBW je to stejn\u00e9. Absence mechanick\u00e9 vazby znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159idi\u010di nejen \u017ee nec\u00edt\u00ed nerovnosti, po kter\u00fdch jede a je\u017e se u dobr\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed lehce do volantu, kter\u00fd se tak pohybuje v ruk\u00e1ch, ale ani z\u00e1sobu p\u0159ilnavosti, typick\u00e9 tuhnut\u00ed volantu p\u0159i zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 s\u00edly v zat\u00e1\u010dce.<\/p>\n

Konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i a ladi\u010di tohle dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u00ed, a tak stejn\u011b jako jejich lete\u010dt\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW (stejn\u011b jako u letadel do FBW) implementovat um\u011bl\u00fd cit. Zat\u00edmco u letadel je to soustavou pru\u017ein v kombinaci s hydraulick\u00fdmi v\u00e1lci coby zat\u011b\u017eovac\u00edmi mechanismy, u aut je to docilov\u00e1no zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm elektromotorem, kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn pod volantem. \u0158idi\u010d se tak vlastn\u011b p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b lidov\u011b \u0159e\u010deno \u201epere\u201c s elektrick\u00fdm strojem. Tohle m\u011blo u\u017e vzpom\u00ednan\u00e9 Infiniti Q50.<\/p>\n

\"Podivn\u00fd<\/a>Podivn\u00fd volant u\u017e brzy dostanou i mercedesy. Jde o bezpe\u010dnost i pohodl\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

Tohle je patrn\u011b ta nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nev\u00fdhoda \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW. Druhou p\u0159edstavuje syst\u00e9m jako takov\u00fd, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vy\u017eaduje pln\u00e9 z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, ide\u00e1ln\u011b trojit\u00e9. Stejn\u011b je to vy\u0159e\u0161eno i v letadlech s FBW. Jen tak lze minimalizovat selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by vedlo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b k nehod\u011b. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce sn\u00edma\u010di, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed stejnou \u00falohu, respektive ak\u010dn\u00edmi \u010dleny. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jsou tak t\u0159eba dva elektromotory, kter\u00e9 posouvaj\u00ed ty\u010d \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U Infiniti Q50 byla nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b mechanick\u00e1 z\u00e1loha, kter\u00e1 u\u017e se ale u nov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00fdch aut nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu je trochu s podivem, \u017ee podm\u00ednky homologace \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW nemaj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky. Sp\u00ed\u0161e to nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed na samotn\u00e9m v\u00fdrobci vozidla. Prost\u011b mu pln\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee to ud\u011bl\u00e1 dob\u0159e. Bohu\u017eel ne v\u017edy to tak je. Typick\u00e9 pro Teslu Cybertruck, kde zejm\u00e9na v N\u011bmecku podrobili \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velmi ostr\u00e9 kritice a sami N\u011bmci pro neobvykl\u00e9 americk\u00e9 auto vyvinuli lep\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SBW tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e1 takzvan\u00e1 elektromagnetick\u00e1 kompatibilita EMC, tedy vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 odru\u0161en\u00ed, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed funkce \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi jevy. Tot\u00e9\u017e se t\u00fdk\u00e1 tak\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9ho programu \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed b\u00fdt imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di takzvan\u00e9mu zabloud\u011bn\u00ed. Uveden\u00e9 se v minulosti velmi \u0159e\u0161ilo nejen v letectv\u00ed, ale i v \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed doprav\u011b, kde se elektrick\u00fd p\u0159enos pro d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 syst\u00e9my tak\u00e9 ji\u017e l\u00e9ta pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. T\u0159eba u Airbusu A320 jsou dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed letov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, kdy jeden pracuje jako hlavn\u00ed a druh\u00fd z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed konceptem master a slave. P\u0159i letu opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem si tuhle roli prohod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Video<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tMercedes steer-by-wire schema \u2022 Mercedes-Benz\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Jalopnik, Wikipedia, technick\u00e9 \u0161kolen\u00ed na Infiniti Q50, p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka Aircraft Control Systems, tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Lexus RZ<\/p>\n

Foto: Tesla, Lexus, Farizon a Infiniti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"O \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po dr\u00e1t\u011b neboli steer-by-wire (SBW) jsme v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b u\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t psali. V\u011bt\u0161inou v souvislosti s…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52133,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68,14104,18051,3205,768,15579,78,1011,424],"class_list":{"0":"post-52132","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-byznys","8":"tag-business","9":"tag-byznys","10":"tag-farizon","11":"tag-infiniti","12":"tag-lexus","13":"tag-redakcni-video","14":"tag-steer-by-wire","15":"tag-technika","16":"tag-tesla","17":"tag-video"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116387449608454148","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52132"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}