{"id":54534,"date":"2026-04-14T11:31:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/54534\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T11:31:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:31:10","slug":"boj-o-17-vzacnych-zemin-cina-drzi-svet-v-sachu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/54534\/","title":{"rendered":"Boj o\u00a017\u00a0vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin: \u010c\u00edna dr\u017e\u00ed sv\u011bt v\u00a0\u0161achu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c_bz\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentura pro energii (IEA) vydala minul\u00fd t\u00fdden <a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/news\/new-projects-partnerships-and-policies-are-needed-to-address-supply-chain-risks-for-rare-earth-elements\" class=\"c_N\">zpr\u00e1vu<\/a>, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed touto z\u00e1vislost\u00ed varuje a\u00a0vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k\u00a0urychlen\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na jedin\u00e9m zdroji. Z\u00e1v\u011bry jsou jednozna\u010dn\u00e9: pokud se investice nezrychl\u00ed, bude sv\u011bt mimo \u010c\u00ednu v\u00a0roce 2035\u00a0schopen pokr\u00fdt jen asi polovinu vlastn\u00ed popt\u00e1vky po t\u011b\u017eb\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, \u010dtvrtinu pot\u0159eb jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u011btinu popt\u00e1vky po magnetech.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">\u201ePopt\u00e1vka po magnetick\u00fdch kovech vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin\u00a0\u2014 zejm\u00e9na neodymu, praseodymu, dysprosia a\u00a0terbia\u00a0\u2014 se od roku 2015\u00a0zdvojn\u00e1sobila a\u00a0do roku 2030\u00a0by m\u011bla vzr\u016fst o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00edce ne\u017e 30\u00a0procent,\u201c uvedla IEA.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Tyto suroviny jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu motor\u016f elektromobil\u016f, v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn i\u00a0elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n<p><a data-dot=\"atm-link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/ekonomika-eu-a-australie-podepsaly-dohodu-ktera-odstrani-vetsinu-cel-40569490\" class=\"c_N\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img height=\"2304\" width=\"4096\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3d8f.jpeg\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c_t c_r c_l\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zeminy jsou jasn\u011b definovan\u00e1 skupina 17\u00a0chemick\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Vedle \u010dty\u0159 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad lanthan, cer, promethium, samarium \u010di europium. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Dohromady jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kategorie kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch surovin, kam pat\u0159\u00ed i\u00a0kobalt, nikl, mangan, grafit a\u00a0lithium. Bez nich se neobejde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0technologi\u00ed, na nich\u017e stoj\u00ed energetick\u00e1 transformace ani digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomika.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">\u201eJsou nepostradateln\u00e9 pro mnoho technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u011bk elekt\u0159iny a\u00a0na\u0161e st\u00e1le v\u00edce digitalizovan\u00e9 ekonomiky. P\u0159esto cesta od jejich t\u011b\u017eby ke spot\u0159ebiteli z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z\u00a0nejkoncentrovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ze v\u0161ech kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch surovin,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel IEA Fatih Birol.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 dominance sah\u00e1 daleko za t\u011b\u017ebu<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">\u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin\u00a0\u2014 odhadovan\u00e9 na 44\u00a0milion\u016f tun. N\u00e1sleduje druh\u00e1 Braz\u00edlie se z\u00e1sobami 21\u00a0milion\u016f tun, t\u0159et\u00ed Indie s\u00a06,9\u00a0milionu tun, Austr\u00e1lie s\u00a05,7\u00a0milionu tun a\u00a0Rusko se 3,8\u00a0milionu tun.<\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 suroviny pro technologie<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zeminy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kritick\u00e9 suroviny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro modern\u00ed technologie. Tvo\u0159\u00ed je skupina 17\u00a0chemick\u00fdch prvk\u016f: cer, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthan, lutetium, neodym, praseodym, promethium, samarium, skandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium a\u00a0ytrium.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kategorie kritick\u00fdch surovin spadaj\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed prvky, jako kobalt, nikl, mangan, grafit nebo lithium. Jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu bateri\u00ed, elektroniky \u010di obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c_bz\">Samotn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby ale nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00edle. \u010c\u00edna dnes zaji\u0161\u0165uje zhruba 60\u00a0procent celosv\u011btov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby magnetick\u00fdch vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, zat\u00edmco jej\u00ed pod\u00edl na jejich rafinaci, tedy zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esahuje 90\u00a0procent. \u201eJej\u00ed dominance je je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00edch segmentech s\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 95\u00a0procent v\u00fdroby trval\u00fdch magnet\u016f,\u201c shrnula IEA.<\/p>\n<p>Zobrazit v\u0161e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentura pro energii (IEA) vydala minul\u00fd t\u00fdden zpr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed touto z\u00e1vislost\u00ed varuje a\u00a0vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k\u00a0urychlen\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54535,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[202,991,4912,8020,2878,54,10402,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-54534","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-cina","9":"tag-evropska-unie-eu","10":"tag-konkurenceschopnost","11":"tag-mineraly","12":"tag-suroviny","13":"tag-svet","14":"tag-vzacne-zeminy","15":"tag-world","16":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116402840208753992","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54534"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54534\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}