{"id":56884,"date":"2026-04-16T15:30:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T15:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/56884\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T15:30:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T15:30:16","slug":"trumpuv-dalsi-cil-cesta-kuby-ke-svobode-bude-jeste-dlouha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/56884\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump\u016fv dal\u0161\u00ed c\u00edl? Cesta Kuby ke svobod\u011b bude je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed Donalda Trumpa (nebo alespo\u0148 jeho hork\u00e1 f\u00e1ze) prozat\u00edm skon\u010dilo a\u00a0i on z\u0159ejm\u011b tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159es halasn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o\u00a0drtiv\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech c\u00edl\u016f bylo chybou a\u00a0d\u00e1le oslabilo jeho postaven\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b i\u00a0u dom\u00e1c\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti. Jak u\u00a0n\u011bj ale b\u00fdv\u00e1 zvykem, m\u016f\u017ee hledat jinou akci, kter\u00e1 by p\u0159ehlu\u0161ila p\u0159edchoz\u00ed zmatky a\u00a0mohla b\u00fdt prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0nekone\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159ady v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Jednou ze zem\u00ed, kde bezesporu vid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost a\u00a0kde by zm\u011bna skute\u010dn\u011b d\u00e1vala smysl, je Kuba.<\/p>\n

Kdysi se jednalo o\u00a0jedno z\u00a0citliv\u00fdch m\u00edst studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Po zhroucen\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku v\u00a0Evrop\u011b se o\u010dek\u00e1val rychl\u00fd p\u00e1d i\u00a0tohoto skanzenu komunismu, ale zem\u011b dok\u00e1zala, p\u0159es dramatick\u00fd pokles \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, kritickou dobu po rozpadu SSSR p\u0159ekonat.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl na tom, \u017ee se tehdy je\u0161t\u011b vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edmu Fidelu Castrovi poda\u0159ilo situaci stabilizovat, sehr\u00e1lo historick\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. V\u00a0nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 Venezuele se v\u00a0roce 1999\u00a0dostal k\u00a0moci populistick\u00fd levicov\u011b orientovan\u00fd vl\u00e1dce Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, pro n\u011bj\u017e byl Castro velk\u00fdm vzorem a\u00a0kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd model inspirac\u00ed. Sama Venezuela podle toho tak\u00e9 dopadla, ale to u\u017e je jin\u00e1 historie.<\/p>\n

Kuba ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b d\u00edky ekonomick\u00e9 podpo\u0159e Venezuely chytila druh\u00fd dech. Na opl\u00e1tku jihoamerick\u00e9 zemi dod\u00e1vala sv\u00e9 znalosti zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0likvidace demokracie a\u00a0s fungov\u00e1n\u00edm tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed ochranka ned\u00e1vno zajat\u00e9ho Nicol\u00e1se Madura byla slo\u017een\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0Kub\u00e1nc\u016f.<\/p>\n

I to dob\u0159e ilustruje charakter re\u017eimu na \u201eostrov\u011b svobody\u201c, jak se Kubu rozhodla absurdn\u011b naz\u00fdvat kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 propaganda a\u00a0j\u00ed naklon\u011bn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st levice z\u00a0demokratick\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Ta dlouhou dobu v\u00a0rozporu se zcela zjevn\u00fdmi fakty pova\u017eovala tamn\u00ed syst\u00e9m za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd experiment, kter\u00fd sice m\u00e1 d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed nedostatky, ale za hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9my m\u016f\u017ee americk\u00e9 embargo – jinak pr\u00fd jde o\u00a0nad\u011bjn\u00fd model pro budoucnost.<\/p>\n

Ztr\u00e1ta geopolitick\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitosti<\/p>\n

Nic nemohlo b\u00fdt vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realit\u011b. Kuba byla od konce pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1na \u00fazkou mocenskou skupinou ke komunismu se hl\u00e1s\u00edc\u00edch revolucion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zlikvidovali demokratick\u00e9 instituce, rozlo\u017eili hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0vyhnali p\u011btinu n\u00e1roda do emigrace. Absurdn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 experimenty se postupn\u011b st\u0159\u00eddaly. Co bylo jeden m\u011bs\u00edc progresivn\u00ed, mohlo b\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00ed zak\u00e1zan\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0co bylo v\u010dera neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed, mohl b\u00fdt z\u00edtra nov\u00fd stranick\u00fd program (nap\u0159\u00edklad mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f jako platidla nebo mo\u017enost vzniku mal\u00fdch \u017eivnost\u00ed).<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9<\/a><\/p>\n

Pokud ale do konce studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byla Kuba vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na propagandou socialistick\u00e9ho bloku jako vzor pro zem\u011b t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta a\u00a0do d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00a0nich i\u00a0aktivn\u011b zasahovala, pozd\u011bji jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam v\u00fdrazn\u011b poklesl. Oslavovat re\u017eim jako alternativu kapitalismu za\u010dalo b\u00fdt \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00fd vliv na ostrov\u011b p\u0159etrval, nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00a0pohledu geopolitiky nem\u011bl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, stejn\u011b jako vazba na Venezuelu a\u00a0p\u00e1r dal\u0161\u00edch levicov\u00fdch vl\u00e1d v\u00a0Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. Z\u00e1jem o\u00a0p\u00e1d re\u017eimu tak z\u016fstal prioritou\u00a0\u2013 ov\u0161em\u017ee vedle naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny Kub\u00e1nc\u016f\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm siln\u00e9ho exilu, s\u00a0n\u00edm spojen\u00fdch politik\u016f v\u00a0USA a\u00a0pak instituc\u00ed obecn\u011b p\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00edm demokracii a\u00a0zbaven\u00ed se autokratick\u00fdch vl\u00e1d.<\/p>\n

Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f podporovala mo\u017enou zm\u011bnu zejm\u00e9na administrativa USA. Zkou\u0161ela r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho oteplen\u00ed vztah\u016f za Baracka Obamy \u010di naopak dal\u0161\u00edho p\u0159itvrzen\u00ed b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho obdob\u00ed Donalda Trumpa. Re\u017eim ale z\u016fst\u00e1val odoln\u00fd a\u00a0nic na tom nezm\u011bnila ani smrt Fidela Castra v\u00a0roce 2016.\u00a0Faktickou vl\u00e1du p\u0159evzal jeho bratr Ra\u00fal dopln\u011bn\u00fd bezbarv\u00fdm apar\u00e1t\u010d\u00edkem Miguelem D\u00edaz-Canelem, kter\u00fd je od roku 2018\u00a0form\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Trump\u016fv z\u00e1jem<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd impulz p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0druh\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchodem Donalda Trumpa do B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu. A\u00a0zejm\u00e9na pak po \u00fatoku na Venezuelu a\u00a0zat\u010den\u00ed tamn\u00edho dikt\u00e1tora\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bnce Kuby\u00a0\u2013 Nicol\u00e1se Madura.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvod\u016f pro tlak na politickou zm\u011bnu na Kub\u011b m\u00e1 Trump n\u011bkolik.<\/p>\n

Jednak Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho (stejn\u011b jako venezuelsk\u00e9ho) p\u016fvodu jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi voli\u010di Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 strany a\u00a0vesm\u011bs i\u00a0stoupenci MAGA. V\u00a0tomto smyslu jsou mimochodem mezi Latinos v\u00fdjimkou – ti jinak v\u011bt\u0161inou vol\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e demokraty.<\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si od autora<\/a><\/p>\n

Svou roli hraje i\u00a0fakt, \u017ee kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 ekonomika je skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0rozkladu a\u00a0definitivn\u00ed svr\u017een\u00ed re\u017eimu by mohlo b\u00fdt relativn\u011b dosa\u017eiteln\u00fdm c\u00edlem. Trumpovi by to z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytlo mo\u017enost uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee je mu\u017e \u010dinu pln\u00edc\u00ed sliby voli\u010d\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm motivem je v\u0161ak snaha za\u010dlenit Kubu jednozna\u010dn\u011b do sv\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry vlivu a\u00a0napl\u0148ovat tak inovovanou verzi Monreovy doktr\u00edny (tzv. Donreova doktr\u00edna<\/a>), kterou sou\u010dasn\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident ozna\u010duje za osu sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky v\u016f\u010di Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. Ud\u011blat z\u00a0Kuby druh\u00e9 Portoriko\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0historii byly jejich osudy podobn\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 by do takov\u00e9 strategie skv\u011ble zapadalo.<\/p>\n

Povzbuzen \u00fasp\u011bchem akce ve Venezuele tedy Trump zah\u00e1jil blok\u00e1du ostrova a\u00a0vyhl\u00e1sil zm\u011bnu tamn\u00edho re\u017eimu a\u00a0pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA za jeden z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od Venezuely, kde bylo zat\u010den\u00ed Madura skv\u011ble zorganizovanou vojenskou akc\u00ed, se silov\u00fd tlak na Kubu omezuje na blok\u00e1du dovozu ropy a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch surovin do zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

To sice dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ji\u017e tak hrozivou ekonomickou situaci ostrova na kritickou hranici, ale zat\u00edm se nezd\u00e1, \u017ee by to samo o\u00a0sob\u011b sta\u010dilo k\u00a0p\u00e1du vl\u00e1dy. Trump zjevn\u011b spol\u00e9h\u00e1, \u017ee se mu v\u00a0Havan\u011b\u00a0\u2013 stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0Caracasu\u00a0\u2013 poda\u0159\u00ed naj\u00edt skupinu uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b, s\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e bude n\u011bjakou formu transformace mo\u017en\u00e9 dohodnout.<\/p>\n

Tato taktika m\u00e1 ov\u0161em \u0159adu \u00faskal\u00ed. Zcela myln\u00e1 byla p\u0159i \u00fatoku na \u00cdr\u00e1n, kde Trump pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rovn\u011b\u017e na n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho spol\u00e9hal, ale narazil na zcela jin\u00fd typ re\u017eimu ne\u017e ve Venezuele. V\u00a0tomto smyslu je kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m jist\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00a0dohod\u011b, ale pokusy o\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed des\u00edtky let a\u00a0zat\u00edm k\u00a0ni\u010demu nevedly.<\/p>\n

Co bude d\u00e1l?<\/p>\n

Na Kub\u011b nav\u00edc, na rozd\u00edl od Venezuely, zcela chyb\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed opozice, kter\u00e1 se omezuje na jednotlivce nebo mal\u00e9 skupinky bez v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koordinace. Protesty obyvatel se sice objevuj\u00ed, ale vesm\u011bs jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed bou\u0159e reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na nedostatek z\u00e1kladn\u00edch potravin nebo hodiny bez elektrick\u00e9ho proudu. Zat\u00edmco tedy ve Venezuele m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rychle obnovena politick\u00e1 struktura a\u00a0nastoupit jin\u00e9 veden\u00ed st\u00e1tu (pokud ov\u0161em americk\u00e1 administrativa skute\u010dn\u011b bude tla\u010dit na volby a\u00a0nespokoj\u00ed se s\u00a0pod\u0159\u00edzenou rol\u00ed prozat\u00edmn\u00ed \u0161\u00e9fky zem\u011b Delcy Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e9), na Kub\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159ipravena nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9<\/a><\/p>\n

Existuje jedna mo\u017enost, se kterou zejm\u00e9na diaspora \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na Florid\u011b po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1: V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed moci by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 povolat do spr\u00e1vy zem\u011b exulanty \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0USA. Tam je k\u00a0takov\u00e9mu \u00fakolu p\u0159ipravena skupin cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a\u00a0m\u00e1 i\u00a0dost kvalifikovan\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f. Ot\u00e1zkou ov\u0161em je, zda by takov\u00fdto model byl skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00fd pro lidi \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na ostrov\u011b. Ti budou v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b politick\u00e9 zm\u011bny u\u017e tak zat\u00ed\u017eeni pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdmi boji o\u00a0majetkov\u00e9 restituce, od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed atd., kter\u00e9 kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd exil pl\u00e1nuje.<\/p>\n

Na ostrov\u011b samotn\u00e9m naopak ji\u017e ne\u017eij\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed by pamatovali jin\u00fd re\u017eim ne\u017e ten castristick\u00fd, co\u017e bylo v\u00a0transformac\u00edch zem\u00ed Evropy srovnateln\u00e9 jen s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inou zem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9ho SSSR. Nav\u00edc je na Kub\u011b, na rozd\u00edl od Venezuely, velmi m\u00e1lo zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 by d\u00e1valy \u0161anci na rychl\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd vzestup zem\u011b. V\u0161e by v\u00a0podstat\u011b z\u00e1viselo na investic\u00edch z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0USA.<\/p>\n

Transformace Kuby na demokratick\u00fd st\u00e1t s\u00a0tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomikou tedy bude nesm\u00edrn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd proces, jeho\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed kroky z\u0159ejm\u011b nejsou napl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny. Nav\u00edc kv\u016fli zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm faktor\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0zemi paradoxn\u011b nastat jist\u00e1 nostalgie po st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mu: A\u0165 byl re\u017eim v\u00a0dob\u011b Fidela Castra jak\u00fdkoli, Kuba byla jedn\u00edm z\u00a0center sv\u011btov\u00e9 politiky, zat\u00edmco \u201edruh\u00e9 Portoriko\u201c bude t\u011b\u017eko m\u00edt jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b tak je nutn\u00e9 vz\u00edt v\u00a0\u00favahu, \u017ee jedna z\u00a0motivac\u00ed pro udr\u017een\u00ed castrismu byl jeho antiamerikanismus, kter\u00fd je v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b jen sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed re\u017eimn\u00ed propagandy, ale v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159em\u011bny Kuby v\u00a0kolonii m\u016f\u017ee brzy o\u017e\u00edt re\u00e1ln\u011b. Ostatn\u011b, Kuba nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jedinou zem\u00ed, kde se odpor k\u00a0USA kv\u016fli nepokryt\u011b imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed politice Trumpovy administrativy stane zdrojem hlas\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 proudy.<\/p>\n

Konec kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu se tedy mo\u017en\u00e1 bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e1 forma transformace zapo\u010dne. Nebude to ale v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00e9 a\u00a0obnova zem\u011b po 66\u00a0letech bude slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0zem\u00edch st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee u\u00a0nich komunistick\u00fd experiment skon\u010dil u\u017e p\u0159ed 36\u00a0lety.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed Donalda Trumpa (nebo alespo\u0148 jeho hork\u00e1 f\u00e1ze) prozat\u00edm skon\u010dilo a\u00a0i on z\u0159ejm\u011b tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159es halasn\u00e1…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":56885,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[212,6205,5282,4175,7825,1202,2180,1193,2213,54,1204,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-56884","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-donald-trump","9":"tag-exil","10":"tag-fidel-castro","11":"tag-komunismus","12":"tag-konflikt-usa-izrael-iran","13":"tag-kuba","14":"tag-nicolas-maduro","15":"tag-opozice","16":"tag-sovetsky-svaz","17":"tag-svet","18":"tag-venezuela","19":"tag-world","20":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116415104535783172","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56884\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}