{"id":57452,"date":"2026-04-17T06:46:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T06:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/57452\/"},"modified":"2026-04-17T06:46:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T06:46:11","slug":"chlebicek-vsichni-jsme-vyjimecni-a-osameli-ukazuje-sociolog-pospech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/57452\/","title":{"rendered":"Chleb\u00ed\u010dek: V\u0161ichni jsme v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00ed. A\u00a0osam\u011bl\u00ed, ukazuje sociolog Posp\u011bch"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010ctete uk\u00e1zku z\u00a0newsletteru Chleb\u00ed\u010dek, ve kter\u00e9m Jon\u00e1\u0161 Zbo\u0159il a\u00a0kulturn\u00ed rubrika SZ ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrtek glosuj\u00ed d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a\u00a0p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tipy na nov\u00e9 seri\u00e1ly, filmy, hudbu a\u00a0knihy. Pokud v\u00e1s Chleb\u00ed\u010dek zaujme, p\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a>!<\/p>\n

Pamatujete si je\u0161t\u011b, proti komu bojovala princezna Elsa v\u00a0popul\u00e1rn\u00ed animovan\u00e9 poh\u00e1dce Ledov\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed? Nebyl to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd antihrdina, n\u00fdbr\u017e ona sama. Musela se vyrovnat s\u00a0vlastn\u00ed mocnou schopnost\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e dok\u00e1zala v\u0161e kolem sebe prom\u011bnit v\u00a0led. <\/p>\n

Sn\u00edmek, kter\u00fd ovlivnil celou generaci d\u011bt\u00ed, se dostal do des\u00edtky nejv\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u201eanim\u00e1k\u016f\u201c v\u0161ech dob. \u017deb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek po n\u011bm mimochodem vedlo pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u00e1dky V\u00a0hlav\u011b. A\u00a0ani tam nenajdete z\u00e1pornou postavu. Pouze zt\u011blesn\u011bnou \u00fazkost, kter\u00e1 uvnit\u0159 hlavy t\u0159in\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 Riley zp\u016fsobuje nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pohromy.<\/p>\n

Hrdinky obou film\u016f \u010del\u00ed stejn\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b. Mus\u00ed se vyrovnat samy se sebou. Nikdo jin\u00fd to za n\u011b neud\u011bl\u00e1. Nic divn\u00e9ho ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fd \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee jsme v\u0161ichni individuality, tvrd\u00ed sociolog Pavel Posp\u011bch. Ve sv\u00e9 knize Osam\u011bl\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9, pr\u00e1v\u011b vydan\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00edm Host, ukazuje stinn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky doby, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e si v\u0161ichni \u201em\u016f\u017eeme \u017e\u00edt po sv\u00e9m\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdvoj spole\u010dnost\u00ed v\u00a0bohat\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011bta\u00a0\u2013 kam pat\u0159\u00ed i\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 republika\u00a0\u2013 minim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch sm\u011b\u0159uje k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu vyvazov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f ze spole\u010densk\u00fdch vazeb a\u00a0konvenc\u00ed,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0\u00favodu Posp\u011bch. A\u00a0dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce rozhodnut\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed na n\u00e1s sam\u00fdch. Od ka\u017edodenn\u00edch n\u00e1kup\u016f a\u017e po kari\u00e9rn\u00ed zm\u011bny, finance, fitness nebo duchovn\u00ed napln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zn\u00ed to jako osvobozuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u00a0individualizaci spole\u010dnosti skr\u00fdv\u00e1 i\u00a0paradox: V\u0161e mus\u00edme d\u011blat podle sebe. Na nikoho jin\u00e9ho se spol\u00e9hat nem\u00e1me. Z\u00a0po\u0159ekadla \u201eka\u017ed\u00fd sv\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed str\u016fjcem\u201c se stal imperativ, kter\u00fd pronikl a\u017e do d\u011btsk\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek.<\/p>\n

Posp\u011bch tomuto jevu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201ekultura autonomie\u201c, co\u017e je je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco trochu jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e individualizace. T\u00e9 jsme prost\u011b vystaveni, a\u0165 se n\u00e1m to l\u00edb\u00ed, nebo ne, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sociolog.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eChcete nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bd\u011bt, zda je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 sv\u00e9 d\u011bti preventivn\u011b o\u010dkovat proti n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed. Za ka\u017ed\u00e9ho experta, kter\u00fd rad\u00ed o\u010dkovat, ov\u0161em najdete v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch jin\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd rad\u00ed opak. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed je na v\u00e1s\u00a0– i\u00a0kdy\u017e byste v\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bci mo\u017en\u00e1 ocenili spolehlivou radu,\u201c popisuje individualizaci Posp\u011bch. Kulturu autonomie se ale u\u010d\u00edme. T\u0159eba skrze filmy, seri\u00e1ly nebo knihy, v\u00a0nich\u017e m\u00edsto z\u00e1porn\u00fdch hrdin\u016f krot\u00edme sami sebe nebo bojujeme za sv\u00e9 sny.<\/p>\n

\u201eLid\u00e9 si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd je n\u011bjak\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda, n\u011bco, co se \u010dlov\u011bku p\u0159ihod\u00ed samo od sebe. Tak to ale nen\u00ed. B\u00fdt \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd je v\u00fdsledkem vlastn\u00ed snahy,\u201c cituje Posp\u011bch slavn\u00fd kni\u017en\u00ed bestseller J\u00edst, meditovat, milovat, v\u00a0jeho\u017e filmov\u00e9 adaptaci si zahr\u00e1la Julia Roberts. V\u00a0jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch knih v\u0161ech dob, Alchymistovi Paula Coelha, se zase hrdina Santiago setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s\u00a0mudrcem, kter\u00fd mu klade na srdce, aby neuv\u011b\u0159il \u201enejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed l\u017ei na sv\u011bt\u011b\u201c. Tou je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u201e\u017ee v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 chv\u00edli sv\u00e9 existence ztrat\u00edme vl\u00e1du nad sv\u00fdm \u017eivotem, a\u00a0ten pak podl\u00e9h\u00e1 osudu\u201c, p\u00ed\u0161e Coelho.<\/p>\n

V \u00e9\u0159e individualizace u\u017e nikdo nesm\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bch sv\u00e1d\u011bt na osud. \u201eA b\u011bda, pokud byste za sv\u00fdm snem cht\u011bli kr\u00e1\u010det podle n\u011bjak\u00e9ho zvn\u011bj\u0161ku dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd sen p\u0159ece nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159evzat\u00fd, okop\u00edrovan\u00fd nebo vyp\u016fj\u010den\u00fd odjinud,\u201c vysv\u011btluje sociolog a\u00a0dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ide\u00e1ln\u00ed touhy jsou nav\u00edc co nejv\u00edc vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed se vr\u00e1tit k\u00a0film\u016fm pro d\u011bti. Hlem\u00fd\u017e\u010f, kter\u00fd chce vyhr\u00e1t automobilov\u00fd z\u00e1vod v\u00a0animovan\u00e9m Turbu, krysa tou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed po kari\u00e9\u0159e \u0161\u00e9fkucha\u0159e v\u00a0Ratatouille. \u201ePopul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultura n\u00e1s\u00a0– a\u00a0na\u0161e d\u011bti p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm\u00a0– u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee ty nejhodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sny jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b ty, kter\u00e9 vzdoruj\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm p\u0159edstav\u00e1m a\u00a0p\u0159evrac\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 konvence,\u201c mysl\u00ed si Posp\u011bch.<\/p>\n

Nejsou to ale jenom sny, ve kter\u00fdch si nasazujeme la\u0165ku co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejv\u00fd\u0161. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci z\u00a0Centra pro v\u00fdzkum ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed sledovali v\u00fdvoj hodnotov\u00fdch orientac\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesku od roku 1990.\u00a0Kdy\u017e ho p\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety zanalyzovali, zjistili, \u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostla nap\u0159\u00edklad touha \u201e\u017e\u00edt zaj\u00edmav\u00fd, vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot\u201c (z 54\u00a0% na 70\u00a0%). Co se t\u00edm mysl\u00ed, vysv\u011btluje Posp\u011bch s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed kolegy Radima Marady. Skute\u010dn\u011b \u017e\u00edt \u201eneznamen\u00e1 plnit povinnosti: pracovn\u00ed, ob\u010dansk\u00e9, rodinn\u00e9. Znamen\u00e1 to nach\u00e1zet sebe-realizaci a\u00a0sebe-napln\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u0161em, co \u010dlov\u011bk d\u011bl\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

Kultura autonomie prost\u011b zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee z\u00a0v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u016fsob\u00ed pozitivn\u011b, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd imperativ. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk jedenadvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd, sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fd, rozhodn\u00fd, mus\u00ed se um\u011bt orientovat v\u00a0komplikovan\u00e9m, nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 jsou jeho sny, a\u00a0um\u011bt si je plnit. A\u00a0nikdy p\u0159itom nesm\u00ed zapomenout b\u00fdt autentick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d by cokoli z\u00a0toho m\u011bl b\u00fdt probl\u00e9m? D\u016fvod\u016f je v\u00edc. S\u00a0posilov\u00e1n\u00edm pocitu v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti roste i\u00a0tlak na osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. P\u016fsob\u00edme jako lid\u00e9 s\u00a0narcistn\u00ed poruchou osobnosti, ve skute\u010dnosti ale trp\u00edme t\u00edm, jak neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161ujeme vlastn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fdm pak nedok\u00e1\u017eeme dost\u00e1t. Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159 spole\u010dnosti, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e jednotlivec z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na s\u00edle a\u00a0tradi\u010dn\u00ed instituce naopak ustupuj\u00ed, se nav\u00edc st\u00e1v\u00e1me osam\u011bl\u00fdmi hrdiny sv\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jako bychom uv\u011b\u0159ili floskuli, \u017ee kdo chce zm\u011bnit sv\u011bt, m\u00e1 zm\u011bnit s\u00e1m sebe. \u201eAni princezna Elsa (\u2026) nena\u0161la sv\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed tak, \u017ee by vstoupila do politiky nebo zalo\u017eila ob\u010dansk\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Posp\u011bch. \u201eSv\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na\u0161la, kdy\u017e p\u0159ekonala sebe samu a\u00a0objevila sv\u00e9 prav\u00e9, autentick\u00e9 j\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

Kniha Osam\u011bl\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, \u017ee by m\u011bli zkusit vr\u00e1tit d\u016fv\u011bru instituc\u00edm, jako jsou \u0161koly, politick\u00e9 strany, odbory, neziskov\u00e9 organizace. Sice potla\u010duj\u00ed na\u0161i individualitu, ale dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1m \u0159\u00e1d a\u00a0dok\u00e1\u017eou spojovat, tvrd\u00ed sociolog. J\u00e1 ale na\u0161el je\u0161t\u011b jin\u00fd d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by bylo dobr\u00e9 si ob\u010das odpo\u010dinout od vlastn\u00edch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo fanatick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch sn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159 New York Times Ezra Klein se ned\u00e1vno o\u00a0probl\u00e9mu extr\u00e9mn\u00edho individualismu bavil s\u00a0Priyou Parker, autorkou knihy The Art of Gathering s\u00a0podtitulem \u201eHow We Meet And Why it Matters\u201c (Jak se potk\u00e1v\u00e1me a\u00a0pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9). Ta p\u0159ipomn\u011bla, \u017ee v\u00a0jin\u00fdch ne\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch se k\u00a0pocitu napln\u011bn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d doch\u00e1z\u00ed skrz kolektivn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky nebo kontakt s\u00a0druh\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem. A\u00a0hlavn\u011b zm\u00ednila z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poznatek, kter\u00fd by celou kulturu autonomie mohl postavit na hlavu: \u201eB\u00fdt s\u00e1m se sebou je hrozn\u00e1 nuda.\u201c<\/p>\n

V pln\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed newsletteru Chleb\u00ed\u010dek toho najdete je\u0161t\u011b mnohem v\u00edc, v\u010detn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch tip\u016f od na\u0161ich redaktor\u016f i\u00a0\u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f. P\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a> a\u00a0budete ho dost\u00e1vat ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrtek p\u0159\u00edmo do sv\u00e9 e-mailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010ctete uk\u00e1zku z\u00a0newsletteru Chleb\u00ed\u010dek, ve kter\u00e9m Jon\u00e1\u0161 Zbo\u0159il a\u00a0kulturn\u00ed rubrika SZ ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrtek glosuj\u00ed d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a\u00a0p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57453,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[14],"tags":[2628,79,20376,2227,16747,20377,2597,11555,80],"class_list":["post-57452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zabava","tag-chlebicek-newsletter","tag-entertainment","tag-individualizace","tag-knizni-recenze","tag-osamelost","tag-samota","tag-seberozvoj","tag-sociologie","tag-zabava"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116418706473221913","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57452\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}