{"id":58192,"date":"2026-04-17T21:30:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T21:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/58192\/"},"modified":"2026-04-17T21:30:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T21:30:19","slug":"houstone-mame-problem-legendarni-vetu-zahlasil-astronaut-s-ceskymi-koreny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/58192\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eHoustone, m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m\u201c. Legend\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011btu zahl\u00e1sil astronaut s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco se na hladin\u00e1ch sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 mise, James Lovell sv\u00e1d\u00ed ve vymrzl\u00e9 kabin\u011b mnohem osam\u011blej\u0161\u00ed boj. Diplomatick\u00e9 n\u00f3ty a\u00a0p\u0159ipravenost n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f jsou jedna v\u011bc, ale fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu do atmosf\u00e9ry v\u011bc druh\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 vte\u0159ina a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd milimetr pohybu pomoc\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed trysek rozhoduj\u00ed o\u00a0tom, zda tato vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 pomoc v\u016fbec dostane \u0161anci zas\u00e1hnout, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0informac\u00ed od NASA<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Vstupenka do atmosf\u00e9ry na pomysln\u00e9m listu pap\u00edru<\/p>\n

Lovell v\u00edce ne\u017e 380\u00a0000\u00a0kilometr\u016f od Zem\u011b toti\u017e v\u00ed, \u017ee pokus o\u00a0n\u00e1vrat mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout manu\u00e1ln\u011b. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de i\u00a0autopilot jsou bez energie. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 sestup z\u00a0vesm\u00edru, jak\u00fd sv\u011bt je\u0161t\u011b neza\u017eil. \u201eS\u00a0rukou na kniplu\u201c mus\u00ed Lovell trefit vstupn\u00ed koridor do atmosf\u00e9ry pod \u00fahlem, kter\u00fd se s\u00a0malou nads\u00e1zkou rovn\u00e1 tlou\u0161\u0165ce listu pap\u00edru. O\u00a0stupe\u0148 n\u00ed\u017e a\u00a0modul sho\u0159\u00ed. O\u00a0kousek v\u00fd\u0161 a\u00a0kapsle se od atmosf\u00e9ry odraz\u00ed jako m\u00ed\u010d a\u00a0nav\u017edy zmiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Maj\u00ed v\u00a0podstat\u011b jen jeden pokus a\u00a0minimum paliva v\u00a0man\u00e9vrovac\u00edch trysk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u010cesk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny z\u00a0Lukavice<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod \u010desk\u00e9 stopy Jamese \u201eJima\u201c Arthura Lovella je dodnes \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zahalen tajemstv\u00edm. Podle mnoha zdroj\u016f jeho d\u011bde\u010dek Jan Ma\u0161ek p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na sv\u011bt 21.\u00a0\u010dervna 1857\u00a0v\u00a0Horn\u00ed Lukavici, vesni\u010dce na jih od Plzn\u011b. Babi\u010dka Anna poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0vedlej\u0161\u00ed Doln\u00ed Lukavice<\/a>, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 barokn\u00edm z\u00e1mkem, kde kdysi komponoval Josef Haydn. Rodina je d\u00edky otci, \u0161af\u00e1\u0159i, slu\u0161n\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bna, p\u0159esto na sklonku 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed odplouvaj\u00ed za oce\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

V Chicagu se Ma\u0161kov\u00fdm v\u00a0roce 1895\u00a0narod\u00ed dcera Blanche, kter\u00e1 si pozd\u011bji bere Jamese Lovella star\u0161\u00edho. Dva roky po svatb\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na sv\u011bt syn\u00a0\u2013 budouc\u00ed astronaut z\u00a0legend\u00e1rn\u00edho Apolla 13.\u00a0Otec mu um\u00edr\u00e1, kdy\u017e je Jimovi pouh\u00fdch dvan\u00e1ct let.<\/p>\n

Foto: NASA<\/p>\n

Astronaut Jim Lovell, velitel Apolla 13\u00a0s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny<\/p>\n

Budouc\u00ed hrdina za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hltat sci-fi a\u00a0sn\u00edt o\u00a0raket\u00e1ch, ale ovdov\u011bl\u00e1 matka si drah\u00e1 studia nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit. Jim proto nastupuje na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed akademii a\u00a0ve \u010dty\u0159iadvaceti za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 k\u0159i\u017eovat nebe jako elitn\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00ed pilot na letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00edch. Pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0rebelsk\u00e9 generaci, kter\u00e1 nev\u011b\u0159\u00edcn\u011b sleduje vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 triumfy Sov\u011bt\u016f. <\/p>\n

\u201eC\u00edl jsme m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edmo nad sebou. M\u011bs\u00edc! Ani nev\u00edte, jak jsme se b\u00e1li, \u017ee tam dolet\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159istanou zase p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi,\u201c vzpom\u00ednal na dobu, kdy se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee komunist\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0kosmu neporaziteln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Houstone, m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m?<\/p>\n

V roce 1962\u00a0ho touha po hv\u011bzd\u00e1ch kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed do NASA. Po mis\u00edch Gemini 7\u00a0a\u00a012\u00a0p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u016flomov\u00e9 Apollo 8.\u00a0Na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den roku 1968\u00a0pos\u00e1dka poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch opou\u0161t\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b a\u00a0vstupuje na orbitu M\u011bs\u00edce. Pos\u00e1dka s\u00a0Lovellem na palub\u011b tehdy nat\u00e1\u010d\u00ed prvn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry \u00fasvitu na\u0161\u00ed planety nad m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm povrchem. Ty se stanou jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch filmov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f historie. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u0161e m\u00e1 vyvrcholit s\u00a0Apollem 13<\/a>.\u00a0Lovell se m\u00e1 st\u00e1t p\u00e1t\u00fdm nebo \u0161est\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd se projde po m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm prachu. \u201eMoje \u017eena je pov\u011br\u010div\u00e1. T\u0159in\u00e1ctka se j\u00ed nel\u00edbila od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku,\u201c vykl\u00e1dal pozd\u011bji s\u00a0\u00fasm\u011bvem. Start prob\u00edh\u00e1 11.\u00a0dubna 1970\u00a0bez pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Po 55\u00a0hodin\u00e1ch letu kon\u010d\u00ed pos\u00e1dka televizn\u00ed p\u0159enos, v\u00a0kabin\u011b se vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed magnetofon hraj\u00edc\u00ed hudbu z\u00a0Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 odysey. Panuje naprost\u00e1 pohoda. O\u00a054\u00a0minut pozd\u011bji je v\u0161echno jinak.<\/p>\n

\u201eHoustone, m\u011bli jsme probl\u00e9m,\u201c oznamuje Lovell klidn\u00fdm hlasem pot\u00e9, co lod\u00ed ot\u0159ese v\u00fdbuch.<\/p>\n

\u201eHoustone, m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m\u201c<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b to prob\u011bhlo n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: 13.\u00a0dubna se v\u00a0\u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm st\u0159edisku z\u00a0reproduktor\u016f ozval hlas astronauta Swigerta. \u201eOK, Houstone\u2026 M\u011bli jsme tu probl\u00e9m,\u201c sd\u011blil doslova, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0nahr\u00e1vek NASA. \u201eTady Houston, zopakujte to, pros\u00edm,\u201c odpov\u011bd\u011blo \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edisko.<\/p>\n

\u201eEhm, Houstone, m\u011bli jsme probl\u00e9m,\u201c \u0159ekl pak pr\u00e1v\u011b Lovell.<\/p>\n

Za to, \u017ee je hl\u00e1\u0161ka zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b \u201eHoustone, m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m\u201c, m\u016f\u017ee z\u0159ejm\u011b slavn\u00fd film Apollo 13 (1995) s\u00a0Tomem Hanksem v\u00a0hlavn\u00ed roli. \u0160lo o\u00a0z\u00e1m\u011brnou scen\u00e1ristickou zkratku.<\/p>\n

Foto: NASA<\/p>\n

Fotografie vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho servisn\u00edho modulu, po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 astronauty Apolla 13\u00a0z\u00a0lun\u00e1rn\u00edho modulu.<\/p>\n

\u201eHlavn\u00ed rozvod proudu B je p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fd a\u00a0m\u011bli jsme tu p\u011bkn\u011b hlasit\u00fd t\u0159esk,\u201c pokra\u010duje Lovell. Cesta na M\u011bs\u00edc se m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 drama historie. Zkrat v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei s\u00a0kysl\u00edkem zp\u016fsobuje explozi servisn\u00edho modulu a\u00a0trh\u00e1 hlin\u00edkov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 lodi. \u201eZ lodi n\u011bco unik\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru,\u201c hl\u00e1s\u00ed velitel vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00fdm oper\u00e1tor\u016fm. V\u00a0tu chv\u00edli jsou \u0161ance na z\u00e1chranu minim\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Cesta na Zemi s\u00a0nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi otazn\u00edky <\/p>\n

Krizov\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b v\u00a0Houstonu narychlo vyv\u00edj\u00ed pl\u00e1n. Astronauti se mus\u00ed p\u0159esunout do lun\u00e1rn\u00edho modulu, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u201ez\u00e1chrann\u00fd \u010dlun\u201c. V\u00a0kabin\u011b mrzne, teplota kles\u00e1 a\u017e na \u010dty\u0159i stupn\u011b nad nulou a\u00a0hroz\u00ed udu\u0161en\u00ed oxidem uhli\u010dit\u00fdm. Pos\u00e1dka mus\u00ed z\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 lepic\u00ed p\u00e1sky, igelitov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f a\u00a0karton\u016f\u00a0\u2013 narychlo sestrojit nouzov\u00fd filtr. Je to improvizace na hranici mo\u017en\u00e9ho. U\u00a0Freda Haise propuk\u00e1 hore\u010dka, ale pos\u00e1dka pod Lovellov\u00fdm veden\u00edm nepropad\u00e1 panice.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i n\u00e1vratu k\u00a0Zemi astronaut\u00e9 s\u00a0\u00fa\u017easem pozoruj\u00ed rozsah \u0161kod\u00a0\u2013 na boku lodi chyb\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd kus pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. St\u00e1le hroz\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdbuch po\u0161kodil tepeln\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt, nebo \u017ee mr\u00e1z vy\u0159adil pad\u00e1ky. Obavy se na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nenapl\u0148uj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Velitelsk\u00fd modul Apolla 13\u00a0dosed\u00e1 17.\u00a0dubna 1970\u00a0na hladinu Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Mise, pozd\u011bji nazvan\u00e1 \u201enej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem\u201c, kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzn\u011b d\u00edky mu\u017ei, kter\u00fd odm\u00edtl vzd\u00e1t cestu dom\u016f a\u00a0svou pos\u00e1dku dopravil na Zemi za ka\u017edou cenu. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrat do zem\u011b p\u0159edk\u016f<\/p>\n

Jim Lovell se u\u017e mezi hv\u011bzdy nepod\u00edv\u00e1, ale jeho odkaz \u017eije d\u00e1l. V\u00a0roce 1996\u00a0vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 knihu Ztracen\u00fd M\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edlohou pro zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd slavn\u00fd film Apollo 13, kde ho ztv\u00e1rn\u00ed Tom Hanks. V\u00a0roce 1997\u00a0pak potomek emigrant\u016f z\u00a0Lukavice p\u0159il\u00e9t\u00e1 poprv\u00e9 inkognito do \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, aby p\u00e1tral po osudech sv\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f a\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00fdch d\u016fvodech jejich n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho zmizen\u00ed za oce\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

Foto: Frank Polich \/ Stringer, Getty Images<\/p>\n

Drama letu Apolla 13\u00a0se stalo p\u0159edlohou oscarov\u00e9ho filmu Apollo 13, kde si Jima Lovella (vpravo) zahr\u00e1l Tom Hanks (vlevo).<\/p>\n

O t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji se objevuje ofici\u00e1ln\u011b. Nav\u0161t\u011bvuje Horn\u00ed i\u00a0Doln\u00ed Lukavici, kde se mu dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0159el\u00e9ho p\u0159ijet\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010destn\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed. Kruh se tak symbolicky uzav\u00edr\u00e1. Jim Lovell, hrdina, kter\u00e9ho v\u00a0dubnu 1970\u00a0s\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00edm sledoval cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, v\u010detn\u011b tehdej\u0161\u00edho \u010ceskoslovenska, se kone\u010dn\u011b setk\u00e1v\u00e1 se sv\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. \u010cesk\u00e1 stopa v\u00a0historii dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed kosmu tak d\u00edky n\u011bmu z\u00edskala jednu ze sv\u00fdch nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0nejlid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kapitol.<\/p>\n

Lovell um\u00edr\u00e1 7.\u00a0srpna 2025\u00a0ve v\u011bku 97\u00a0let.<\/p>\n

\u010ce\u0161i a\u00a0vesm\u00edr: Od raket na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e k\u00a0nov\u00e9 cest\u011b na ISS<\/p>\n

Kdysi jsme ohromovali sv\u011bt vyn\u00e1lezy v\u00a0zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch d\u00edln\u00e1ch, dnes na\u0161e technologie \u201erozst\u0159eluj\u00ed\u201c Mars laserem a\u00a0hl\u00eddaj\u00ed bezpe\u010d\u00ed astronaut\u016f na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. Kdy\u017e v\u00a0roce 1930\u00a0odpaloval vizion\u00e1\u0159 Ludv\u00edk O\u010den\u00e1\u0161ek<\/a> rakety na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e, mnoz\u00ed ho pova\u017eovali za bl\u00e1hov\u00e9ho sn\u00edlka. On p\u0159itom u\u017e tehdy projektoval raketovou po\u0161tu p\u0159es oce\u00e1n a\u00a0v\u011b\u0159il v\u00a0lety k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed pomysln\u00e9 \u010di skute\u010dn\u00e9 stopy ve vesm\u00edru, nejsou to tedy jen jm\u00e9na jako Vladim\u00edr Remek nebo Eugene Cernan\u00a0\u2013 posledn\u00ed mu\u017e na M\u011bs\u00edci, v\u00a0jeho\u017e \u017eil\u00e1ch kolovala \u010desk\u00e1 krev. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b se na programech ESA aktivn\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed p\u0159es 50\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch firem a\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b des\u00edtky \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed astronaut Ale\u0161 Svoboda proch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdcvikem, aby se mohl v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech pod\u00edvat na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS). <\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b rok 2026\u00a0je nav\u00edc skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me si 65\u00a0let od letu Jurije Gagarina, ale tak\u00e9 40\u00a0let od startu stanice Mir, kde jsme m\u011bli sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje. Leto\u0161ek je tak\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdch akc\u00ed NASA\u00a0\u2013 uplynulo smutn\u00fdch 40\u00a0let od katastrofy raketopl\u00e1nu Challenger. S\u00a0t\u011bmito stroji (Columbia, Discovery a\u00a0Atlantis) l\u00e9tal i\u00a0astronaut s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny John Blaha.<\/p>\n

V dubnu nav\u00edc zd\u00e1rn\u011b prob\u011bhla mise Artemis II kolem M\u011bs\u00edce: prvn\u00ed let lid\u00ed k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci po v\u00edce ne\u017e 50\u00a0letech, nav\u00edc i\u00a0s \u010deskou technologi\u00ed na palub\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i pohledu z\u00a0lodi Orion zakryl M\u011bs\u00edc v\u00fdhled na SlunceVideo: Reuters<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry z\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00ed modulu rakety Orion s\u00a0pos\u00e1dkou mise Artemis II po n\u00e1vratu na ZemiVideo: Reuters<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zat\u00edmco se na hladin\u00e1ch sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 mise, James Lovell sv\u00e1d\u00ed ve vymrzl\u00e9 kabin\u011b mnohem osam\u011blej\u0161\u00ed boj.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58193,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[20571,1953,8886,79,441,20569,3870,1542,20570,1540,80],"class_list":{"0":"post-58192","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zabava","8":"tag-apollo-13","9":"tag-astronauti","10":"tag-ceskoslovensko","11":"tag-entertainment","12":"tag-historie","13":"tag-james-lovell","14":"tag-mesic","15":"tag-nasa","16":"tag-program-apollo","17":"tag-vesmir","18":"tag-zabava"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116422182498766900","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58192"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58192\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}