{"id":58791,"date":"2026-04-18T15:39:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T15:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/58791\/"},"modified":"2026-04-18T15:39:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T15:39:11","slug":"vstupy-v-praze-jsou-v-nedeli-zdarma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/58791\/","title":{"rendered":"Vstupy v Praze jsou v ned\u011bli zdarma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jde o\u00a0opravdu jedine\u010dnou akci. V\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0historii budou v\u00a0ned\u011bli 19.\u00a0dubna zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny v\u0161echny objekty \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho muzejn\u00edho okruhu. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161echny synagogy na\u00a0Josefov\u011b, Star\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov, Ob\u0159adn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0148 a\u00a0Galerie Roberta Guttmanna. Muzeum toti\u017e letos slav\u00ed 120\u00a0let od sv\u00e9ho vzniku a\u00a0k tomu se v\u00e1\u017ee hned n\u011bkolik program\u016f po cel\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n

\u201ePokud se sem vyprav\u00edte, za\u010dn\u011bte v\u00a0Maiselov\u011b synagoze, kde cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1. Muzeum vzniklo na trosk\u00e1ch b\u00fdval\u00e9ho ghetta, z\u00a0n\u011bho\u017e se zachovalo velmi m\u00e1lo. P\u0159edstavu o\u00a0tom, jak Josefov vypadal p\u0159ed asanac\u00ed, si m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat z\u00a0animace Langweilova modelu Prahy. B\u011bhem proch\u00e1zky mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi objekty projdete deseti stalet\u00edmi a\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e1 si uv\u011bdom\u00edte, kter\u00e9 v\u011bci jsou opravdu podstatn\u00e9,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martina Kemrov\u00e1 z\u00a0\u017didovsk\u00e9ho muzea.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Asanace a\u00a0pam\u00e1tkov\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de<\/p>\n

Asanace Josefova pat\u0159ila k\u00a0t\u011bm nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm demolic\u00edm v\u00a0Evrop\u011b na p\u0159elomu 19.\u00a0a\u00a020.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, a\u00a0p\u0159esto\u017ee bylo b\u011bhem n\u00ed zbour\u00e1no p\u0159es dv\u011b stovky dom\u016f, spustila tak\u00e9 protesty a\u00a0vznik z\u00e1rodku pam\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, jak ji dnes zn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n

Muzeum, kter\u00e9 se poprv\u00e9 otev\u00edr\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnosti na osmi m\u00edstech v\u00a0Praze, vystavuje jeden z\u00a0nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edch soubor\u016f star\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch knih a\u00a0rukopis\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, a\u0161ken\u00e1zsk\u00e9 textilie i\u00a0vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 ozdoby T\u00f3ry. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed textilie pat\u0159\u00ed opony, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaly zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159ed svatost\u00e1nkem, pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edky na T\u00f3ru, povlaky na \u010dtec\u00ed pulty a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed slavnostn\u00ed tkaniny. Tyto textilie jsou \u010dasto bohat\u011b zdobeny v\u00fd\u0161ivkami, aplikacemi a\u00a0perlami. Historicky se pou\u017e\u00edvaly vzory pt\u00e1k\u016f, ryb, lv\u016f \u010di kon\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eV Maiselov\u011b synagoze je k\u00a0vid\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 roucho \u0160elomo Molcha z\u00a0prvn\u00ed t\u0159etiny 16.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Portugalsk\u00fd dvo\u0159an \u0160elomo Molcho poch\u00e1zel z\u00a0rodiny \u017did\u016f donucen\u00fdch p\u0159ijmout k\u0159est, jako p\u0159edstavitel mesianistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed byl up\u00e1len roku 1532\u00a0v\u00a0Mantov\u011b. Molchovo roucho a\u00a0prapor byly po stalet\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1ny jako relikvie v\u00a0Pinkasov\u011b synagoze,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Kemrov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

V\u00a0expozici je vystaven\u00fd tak\u00e9 nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tisk ze sb\u00edrky star\u00fdch tisk\u016f, t\u00edm je Ob\u0159ad \u0161abatov\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed a\u00a0modlitba po j\u00eddle z\u00a0roku 1514,\u00a0ilustrovan\u00fd kolorovan\u00fdmi d\u0159evo\u0159ezy. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0v po\u0159ad\u00ed druh\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd pra\u017esk\u00fd hebrejsk\u00fd tisk, dnes dolo\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0tomto jedin\u00e9m exempl\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Otev\u0159en\u00e9 objekty \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho muzeaMaiselova synagoga\u2013 expozice d\u011bjin \u017did\u016f v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edchPinkasova synagoga\u00a0\u2013 pam\u00e1tn\u00edk ob\u011bt\u00ed holokaustuKlausov\u00e1 synagoga a\u00a0Ob\u0159adn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0148\u00a0\u2013 expozice \u017eidovsk\u00fdch tradic a\u00a0zvyk\u016f\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 synagoga\u00a0\u2013 modern\u00ed d\u011bjiny a\u00a0kulturaStaronov\u00e1 synagoga – dosud nejstar\u0161\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed synagoga v\u00a0Evrop\u011bOb\u0159adn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0148 – expozice o\u00a0zvyc\u00edch spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0nemoc\u00ed a\u00a0smrt\u00edStar\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov\u00a0\u2013 jedno z\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edch dochovan\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 na sv\u011bt\u011bGalerie Roberta Guttmanna\u00a0\u2013 prostor pro kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy<\/a>Obr\u00e1zky z\u00a0Terez\u00edna<\/p>\n

Nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty se p\u0159itom net\u00fdkaj\u00ed \u201ejenom\u201c \u010dty\u0159i stolet\u00ed star\u00fdch d\u011bjin, ale i\u00a0t\u011bch ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch – v\u00a0Pinkasov\u011b synagoze je um\u00edst\u011bna tak\u00e9 sb\u00edrka kreseb terez\u00ednsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je od roku 2025\u00a0zaps\u00e1na do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho registru UNESCO Pam\u011b\u0165 sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

D\u011bti v\u00a0Terez\u00edn\u011b se tajn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnily v\u00fduky kreslen\u00ed pod veden\u00edm u\u010ditelky Friedl Dicker Brandeisov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 byla slavnou od\u011bvn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u00e1\u0159kou a\u00a0\u017ea\u010dkou Paula Kleea. Hodiny vedla s\u00a0ohledem na terapeutick\u00fd rozm\u011br a\u00a0pom\u00e1hala tak d\u011btem zvl\u00e1dat strasti \u017eivota v\u00a0Terez\u00edn\u011b. \u010cty\u0159i a\u00a0p\u016fl tis\u00edce d\u011btsk\u00fdch kreseb u\u010ditelka ukryla v\u00a0Terez\u00edn\u011b p\u0159ed svou deportac\u00ed do Osv\u011btimi a\u00a0dnes jsou jedinou pam\u00e1tkou na d\u011bti, z\u00a0nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00e1lku nep\u0159e\u017eila.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd b\u011bhem ned\u011bln\u00ed akce bude tak\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov s\u00a0dvan\u00e1cti tis\u00edci n\u00e1hrobky, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Proto\u017ee prostor k\u00a0poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00fd, b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed stolet\u00ed, kdy se zde ukl\u00e1daly ostatky mrtv\u00fdch, bylo nutn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt poh\u0159b\u00edvat mrtv\u00e9 ve vrstv\u00e1ch, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 mluv\u00ed u\u017e o\u00a0deseti \u201epatrech\u201c hrob\u016f\u00a0\u2013 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 zvyklosti toti\u017e nedovoluj\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed star\u00fdch hrob\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u0160est fotbalov\u00fdch h\u0159i\u0161\u0165 expon\u00e1t\u016f<\/p>\n

Pra\u017esk\u00fd Josefov, dnes jedna z\u00a0nejvyhled\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch turistick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u011bsta, byl dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed centrem \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Ghetto vzniklo jako uzav\u0159en\u00e1 komunita uvnit\u0159 Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta u\u017e ve 13.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. M\u011blo vlastn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vu, tradice a\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 instituce, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haly utv\u00e1\u0159et charakter t\u00e9to \u010dtvrti. \u017did\u00e9 zde \u017eili nucen\u011b odd\u011bleni od k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva, podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, \u0161lo o\u00a0jedno z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ghett na \u00fazem\u00ed republiky.<\/p>\n

Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Josefov nesla \u010dtvr\u0165 a\u017e od roku 1850, a\u00a0to na po\u010dest c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II., kter\u00fd se zasadil o\u00a0reformy zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Jen\u017ee mal\u00e9 prostory ghetta za\u010daly b\u00fdt brzy nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, byly p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00e9, co\u017e s\u00a0sebou neslo i\u00a0\u0161patn\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Na konci 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed zde tedy prob\u011bhla asanace, zachovaly se jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 synagogy a\u00a0Star\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov.<\/p>\n

Nedlouho po asanaci vzniklo \u017eidovsk\u00e9 muzeum. Zalo\u017eil jej v\u00a0roce 1906\u00a0historik Salomon Hugo Lieben spolu s\u00a0Augustem Steinem. M\u011blo b\u00fdt reakc\u00ed na z\u00e1nik star\u00e9ho ghetta a\u00a0historici cht\u011bli, aby se zde uchov\u00e1valy liturgick\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, knihy a\u00a0um\u011bleck\u00e9 artefakty ze zanikl\u00fdch synagog. U\u017e v\u00a0roce 1909\u00a0byla sb\u00edrka tak velk\u00e1, aby mohla b\u00fdt zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Muzeum b\u011bhem okupace<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee b\u011bhem okupace bude muzeum a\u00a0jeho vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 artefakty zni\u010deny, ve skute\u010dnosti bylo muzeum b\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed pod speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201eochranou\u201c. V\u00a0roce 1942\u00a0vzniklo \u017didovsk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed muzeum, do kter\u00e9ho byly sv\u00e1\u017eeny \u017eidovsk\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty konfiskovan\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d obcemi cel\u00e9ho protektor\u00e1tu. Krom\u011b toho se zde uchov\u00e1valy tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty zabavovan\u00e9 \u017did\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed byli deportov\u00e1ni do koncentra\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0vyhlazovac\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby se proto paradoxn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila expozice, z\u00a0tis\u00edce knih p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou vystoupal jejich po\u010det b\u011bhem \u0161esti let na ston\u00e1sobek. \u201eArchiv \u017didovsk\u00e9ho muzea v\u00a0Praze spravuje v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u00edce ne\u017e 600\u00a0metr\u016f archiv\u00e1li\u00ed. Pro p\u0159edstavu: Zaplnily by reg\u00e1l dlouh\u00fd 600\u00a0metr\u016f, tedy \u0161est fotbalov\u00fdch h\u0159i\u0161\u0165,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martina Kemrov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dokument, kter\u00fd tu je, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0roku 1454\u00a0a\u00a0jde o\u00a0listinu Ladislava Pohrobka. V\u00a0archivu je tak\u00e9 ulo\u017eena poz\u016fstalost Emila Kolbena, v\u010detn\u011b jeho \u0161koln\u00edho vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce p\u0159e\u0161lo muzeum pod st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu a\u00a0v roce 1950\u00a0bylo zest\u00e1tn\u011bno. B\u011bhem komunismu mohli sice v\u00a0muzeu p\u016fsobit v\u011bde\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci, ale strana omezovala to, \u010d\u00edm se sm\u011bli ve sv\u00e9 badatelsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci zab\u00fdvat. Teprve po roce 1989\u00a0do\u0161lo k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0roce 1994\u00a0bylo muzeum vr\u00e1ceno \u017eidovsk\u00e9 komunit\u011b a\u00a0vzniklo jako nest\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce v\u00a0podob\u011b, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 funguje dodnes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jde o\u00a0opravdu jedine\u010dnou akci. V\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0historii budou v\u00a0ned\u011bli 19.\u00a0dubna zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny v\u0161echny objekty \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho muzejn\u00edho okruhu. Mezi n\u011b…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58792,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[3724,98,99,9395,20702,20701],"class_list":{"0":"post-58791","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-praha","8":"tag-pamatky","9":"tag-prague","10":"tag-praha","11":"tag-synagoga","12":"tag-zidovska-kultura","13":"tag-zidovska-obec-v-praze"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116426464847494558","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58791"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58791\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}