Anal\u00fdzu si tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete poslechnout v\u00a0audioverzi.<\/p>\n
Na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u0159i\u0161ly sam\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. \u201eDom\u00e1cnosti si za sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze mohly koupit v\u00edce zbo\u017e\u00ed,\u201c zd\u016fraznila hlavn\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumu SILC o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmech \u010desk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed T\u00e1\u0148a Dvorn\u00e1kov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla pr\u016fzkum v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9m statistick\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159adu (\u010cS\u00da) na starosti.<\/p>\n
Celkem 11\u00a0tis\u00edc dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed dostalo v\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce dotazn\u00edk, jak velk\u00e9 byly jejich p\u0159\u00edjmy v\u00a0roce 2024.\u00a0Statistici z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f spo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru na osobu to v\u00a0\u010cesku bylo 294\u00a0tis\u00edc korun, o\u00a05,4\u00a0procenta v\u00edc ne\u017e rok p\u0159edt\u00edm. Vzhledem k\u00a0inflaci 2,4\u00a0procenta tak mohli lid\u00e9 nakoupit o\u00a0t\u0159i procenta v\u00edc zbo\u017e\u00ed \u010di slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n
T\u00edm ale dobr\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy nekon\u010d\u00ed. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost dos\u00e1hla p\u0159edloni jen o\u00a0p\u016fl procenta m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f ne\u017e v\u00a0posledn\u00edm p\u0159edkrizov\u00e9m roce 2019.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edjmy rostly i\u00a0loni, proto lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0se \u010ce\u0161i t\u011b\u0161ili nevy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm v\u00a0novodob\u00e9 historii. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je vid\u011bt, \u017ee se p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve spole\u010dnosti neroz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Nepochybn\u011b k\u00a0tomu p\u0159isp\u011blo i\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fchod\u016f uplynul\u00fdch let, kter\u00e9 zajistilo, \u017ee penzist\u00e9 unikli jak\u00e9koli hrozb\u011b tzv. p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudoby a\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u011b se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed o\u00a0desetinu vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm ne\u017e p\u0159ed kriz\u00ed. Nejchud\u0161\u00ed desetina populace, do n\u00ed\u017e senio\u0159i obvykle nespadnou, za\u017eila n\u00e1padn\u00fd propad p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f v\u00a0prvn\u00edm pandemick\u00e9m roce 2020, od t\u00e9 doby se v\u0161ak zotavuje a\u00a0v roce 2024\u00a0vyrostly jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy relativn\u011b ze v\u0161ech spole\u010densk\u00fdch skupin nejv\u00edce.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto by bylo p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 bouchat z\u00e1tkami \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho a\u00a0slavit, \u017ee tuzemsk\u00e9 rodiny na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b p\u0159ekonaly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 obdob\u00ed a\u00a0na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je spole\u010dnost stejn\u011b soudr\u017en\u00e1 jako p\u0159edt\u00edm. S\u00a0objektivn\u00edmi daty o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmech dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed toti\u017e nejsou ve shod\u011b dotazn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 zji\u0161\u0165ovaly, jak svou ekonomickou situaci hodnotili v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0samotn\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i.<\/p>\n
Nijak nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee se op\u011bt nav\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det rodin, kter\u00e9 si st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich rozpo\u010det p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed. Ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, jak lid\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmem, zda maj\u00ed k\u00a0dispozici \u017eeleznou finan\u010dn\u00ed rezervu 16\u00a0800\u00a0korun, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jestli se nemus\u00ed omezovat p\u0159i j\u00eddle, z\u016fstala i\u00a0loni spokojenost na krizov\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n
Vysv\u011btlit rozpor mezi p\u0159\u00edjmy a\u00a0n\u00e1ladou lze s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Ekonomick\u00e1 n\u00e1lada se zhor\u0161ila u\u00a0nejchud\u0161\u00ed p\u011btiny populace, nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee vyj\u00edt se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy p\u0159ipustilo v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0celkem 19\u00a0procent z\u00a0desetiny nejchud\u0161\u00edch rodin, o\u00a0dv\u011b procenta v\u00edc ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edm rokem a\u00a0o t\u0159i procenta v\u00edc proti roku 2019.<\/p>\n
K\u00a0podobn\u00e9mu zhor\u0161en\u00ed do\u0161lo i\u00a0u druh\u00e9 nejchud\u0161\u00ed desetiny. Obdobn\u00e1 skepse panovala rovn\u011b\u017e u\u00a0ostatn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek k\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. P\u0159itom u\u00a0st\u0159edostavovsk\u00e9 populace se n\u00e1lada vr\u00e1tila p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm na \u00farove\u0148 posledn\u00edho p\u0159edkrizov\u00e9ho roku a\u00a0u nejz\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u011btiny se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech sp\u00ed\u0161e zlep\u0161ila\u00a0\u2013 to plat\u00ed pochopiteln\u011b s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou bydlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed \u00faspory \u010cech\u016f<\/p>\n
Data pr\u016fzkumu SILC t\u00edm potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010deskou spole\u010dnost n\u011bjak\u00e1 propast d\u011bl\u00ed, d\u016fvody rozd\u00edln\u00e9 n\u00e1lady ale nelze vysv\u011btlit pouh\u00fdmi \u00fadaji o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmech. D\u00edky dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzkum\u016fm \u010cS\u00da v\u0161ak lze srovnat rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy a\u00a0v\u00fddaje. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee u\u00a0p\u011btiny dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed s\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy padnou v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 pen\u00edze na b\u011b\u017enou spot\u0159ebu, v\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b na bydlen\u00ed, j\u00eddlo a\u00a0dopravu. St\u0159edn\u00ed vrstvy ro\u010dn\u011b investuj\u00ed nebo u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed 50\u00a0a\u017e 100\u00a0tis\u00edc na \u010dlena dom\u00e1cnosti, nejbohat\u0161\u00ed p\u011btina v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 220\u00a0tis\u00edc.<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1kladu takov\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f je jednoduch\u00e1 logika. Bohat\u0161\u00ed zaplat\u00ed za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pot\u0159eby dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edc ne\u017e chud\u0161\u00ed, vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edc a\u00a0pen\u00edze mu pak z\u016fstanou na \u00fa\u010dtu. Takov\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed rol\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b posledn\u00edch patn\u00e1ct let. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se tato logika chud\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m l\u00edbit nem\u016f\u017ee. Zat\u00edmco oni s\u00a0pen\u011bzi sotva vyjdou, lid\u00e9 v\u00a0jejich sousedstv\u00ed postupn\u011b hromad\u00ed kapit\u00e1l, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ho m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0nemovitosti.<\/p>\n
A\u010dkoliv p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly se nezvy\u0161uj\u00ed, ty majetkov\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 rostou tempem, kter\u00e9 je v\u00a0Evrop\u011b neobvykl\u00e9, jak sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed u\u017e jen m\u00edra \u00faspor, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje okolo dvaceti procent celkov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, i\u00a0kdy\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011bji \u0161et\u0159it m\u016f\u017ee jen men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st populace. \u201eM\u00e1me v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed \u00faspory,\u201c potvrzuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost tuzemsk\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f b\u00fdval\u00fd guvern\u00e9r \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky Ji\u0159\u00ed Rusnok.<\/p>\n
Podle definice francouzsk\u00e9ho antropologa Emmanuela Todda nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m ve spole\u010dnosti ve chv\u00edli, kdy \u201epolitick\u00e1 elita akceptuje praxi, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se negativn\u00ed jevy ve spole\u010dnosti d\u00e1le posiluj\u00ed\u201c. Zdej\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dy ani z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci se p\u0159itom nesna\u017e\u00ed majetkov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ovlivnit.<\/p>\n
Na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch m\u00e9n\u011b bohat\u00fdch existuje, kdy\u017e z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed st\u00e1tu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dan\u011b. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b da\u0148 z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob se re\u00e1ln\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1 podle progresivn\u00ed sazby, chud\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u00e1vk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se nedan\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 proto zjistil pr\u016fzkum SILC, \u017ee nejchud\u0161\u00ed p\u011btina \u010cech\u016f odv\u00e1d\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch dan\u00edch jen 5\u00a0% ze sv\u00fdch hrub\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, zat\u00edmco nejbohat\u0161\u00ed p\u011btina 18\u00a0%.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy o\u00a0v\u00fddaj\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch rodin v\u0161ak p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee se t\u00edm chud\u0161\u00edm rodin\u00e1m jejich handicap nevyrovn\u00e1. V\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm ne\u017e da\u0148 z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmu nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 jsou pro \u010cechy spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0dan\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty (DPH) se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sazbou 21\u00a0procent. Tyto dan\u011b v\u00edce zasahuj\u00ed chud\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st populace, kter\u00e1 za spot\u0159ebu utrat\u00ed prakticky ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy. Proti tomu bohat\u0161\u00ed ze sv\u00fdch \u00faspor DPH neplat\u00ed. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku plat\u00ed v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 skupiny st\u00e1tu ze sv\u00fdch v\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f zhruba stejn\u00e9 odvody v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 27-30\u00a0%.<\/p>\n
Zdanit bohat\u00e9 se st\u00e1t boj\u00ed<\/p>\n
O tom, \u017ee se z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci tento stav nesna\u017e\u00ed zlep\u0161it, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed \u00fadaje SILC o\u00a0tom, \u017ee p\u011btina nejchud\u0161\u00ed populace plat\u00ed u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch dan\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b o\u00a01,1\u00a0procentn\u00edho bodu v\u00edc ne\u017e p\u0159ed kriz\u00ed, u\u00a0nejbohat\u0161\u00ed p\u011btiny se stejn\u00e1 povinnost naopak o\u00a03,5\u00a0procentn\u00edho bodu sn\u00ed\u017eila, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zru\u0161en\u00ed tzv. superhrub\u00e9 mzdy.<\/p>\n
Tento stav je podle Ji\u0159\u00edho Rusnoka dlouhodob\u011b neudr\u017eiteln\u00fd. \u201eN\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdm se nevyplat\u00ed v\u00edc anga\u017eovat ve form\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice, proto\u017ee okam\u017eit\u011b plat\u00ed vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b,\u201c upozor\u0148uje exguvern\u00e9r. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku pak d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost \u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kde v\u00fdd\u011blky nemus\u00ed danit.<\/p>\n
Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se st\u00e1t boj\u00ed zdanit bohat\u00e9, jak sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad \u201eOSV\u010c s\u00a0b\u00edl\u00fdmi l\u00edme\u010dky\u201c, nap\u0159\u00edklad IT pracovn\u00edk\u016f nebo da\u0148ov\u00fdch poradc\u016f. Ti se na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mohou chlubit \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi v\u00fdd\u011blky, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak plat\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed dan\u011b ne\u017e zam\u011bstnanci pobl\u00ed\u017e minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy. Sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u011bjakou podobu tzv. \u0161varcsyst\u00e9mu a\u00a0ze sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zdan\u011bn\u00edm ode\u010dtou \u010dty\u0159iceti- nebo \u0161edes\u00e1tiprocentn\u00ed pau\u0161\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Rusnok u\u017e p\u0159ed \u010dasem upozornil v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9m rozhlase, \u017ee \u010cesko demotivuje \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a\u00a0pro ty bohat\u0161\u00ed \u201ez\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podivn\u00fd da\u0148ov\u00fd r\u00e1j\u201c. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech t\u00edm sni\u017euje v\u00fdkonnost n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdzu si tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete poslechnout v\u00a0audioverzi. Na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u0159i\u0161ly sam\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. \u201eDom\u00e1cnosti si za sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5970,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,708,557,2643,4250,4249],"class_list":{"0":"post-5969","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-ceska-republika","9":"tag-cesko","10":"tag-czech-republic","11":"tag-czechia","12":"tag-ekonomika","13":"tag-majetek","14":"tag-uspory","15":"tag-vydelky","16":"tag-zivotni-uroven"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5969"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5969\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}