{"id":60825,"date":"2026-04-20T15:27:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/60825\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T15:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:27:08","slug":"valka-s-iranem-spustila-honbu-za-ropou-pomohl-prevrat-ve-venezuele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/60825\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lka s\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nem spustila honbu za ropou. Pomohl p\u0159evrat ve Venezuele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco ExxonMobil chyst\u00e1 ob\u0159\u00ed projekt t\u011b\u017eby ve vod\u00e1ch kolem Nig\u00e9rie, konkuren\u010dn\u00ed BP m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem o\u00a0ropn\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b u\u00a0jihoafrick\u00e9 Namibie. Francouzsk\u00fd koncern TotalEnergies m\u00e1 zase v\u00a0hled\u00e1\u010dku \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e a\u00a0ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Tureckem bude hledat p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b jeho podlo\u017e\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 krize toti\u017e vzbudila z\u00e1jem o\u00a0l\u00e9ta opom\u00edjen\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eDlouhodob\u011b vysok\u00e9 ceny ropy jsou nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtelem dal\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu,\u201c \u0159ekl den\u00edku The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) analytik Schreiner Parker z\u00a0Rystad Energy.<\/p>\n

\u201eVe st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m a\u017e dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu bude do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho barelu ropy z\u00a0Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na rizikov\u00e1 p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eka, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s p\u0159im\u011bje k\u00a0hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165,\u201c soud\u00ed Parker.<\/p>\n

Hned dva velk\u00e9 koncerny se te\u010f soust\u0159ed\u00ed na Venezuelu, ze kter\u00e9 americk\u00e1 komanda v\u00a0lednu odvlekla dikt\u00e1tora Nicol\u00e1se Madura a\u00a0jeho n\u00e1stupci jsou v\u00edce otev\u0159eni zahrani\u010dn\u00edm investor\u016fm. T\u011b\u017eba ve Venezuele je p\u0159itom technologicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0jej\u00ed rozvoj se m\u016f\u017ee vyplatit pr\u00e1v\u011b jen p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch cen\u00e1ch ropy.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump sice po svr\u017een\u00ed Madura zd\u016fraz\u0148oval, \u017ee chce do Venezuely nal\u00e1kat americk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ea\u0159e, ti ale mnohdy v\u00e1hali nejen kv\u016fli politick\u00e9 nejistot\u011b, ale i\u00a0\u010dist\u011b ekonomick\u00fdm d\u016fvod\u016fm. T\u011b\u017eba zdej\u0161\u00ed ropy je komplikovan\u00e1 a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mus\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m investovat do zanedban\u00e9 infrastruktury.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi druhy ropy dle region\u016fSt\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a\u017e lehk\u00e1 ropa (co do hustoty), obvykle s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem s\u00edry. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou jsou jej\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na t\u011b\u017ebu. Surovina je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro v\u00fdrobu nafty, leteck\u00e9ho petroleje a\u00a0topn\u00fdch olej\u016f.USA t\u011b\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b b\u0159idli\u010dnou ropu, kter\u00e1 je lehk\u00e1 a\u00a0d\u00e1 se z\u00a0n\u00ed snadno rafinovat zejm\u00e9na benzin. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se z\u00a0n\u00ed daj\u00ed produkovat kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 suroviny pro v\u00fdrobu plast\u016f, jako je etylen a\u00a0propylen. V\u00a0Kanad\u011b je naopak mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 ropa, n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0na transport kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 hustot\u011b. Do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry se podob\u00e1 rop\u011b z\u00a0Venezuely.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika (zejm. Venezuela)<\/p>\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm pod\u00edlem s\u00edry i\u00a0kov\u016f. M\u00e1 vysokou hustotu a\u00a0velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b se rafinuje. P\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b se mus\u00ed \u010dasto \u0159edit leh\u010d\u00ed ropou, aby se dala vy\u010derpat ze zem\u011b. Na jej\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou z\u00a0historick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9 rafinerie na jihu USA. Cena suroviny je extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1, a\u00a0to kv\u016fli vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee vedle mazutu \u010di asfaltu vznikat i\u00a0nafta.St\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem s\u00edry, kter\u00e1 se mus\u00ed p\u0159i rafinaci odstra\u0148ovat. Na tento proces je ale vybaven\u00e1 \u0159ada rafineri\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR, kter\u00e9 na ruskou ropu dluohodob\u011b spol\u00e9haly. Surovina se d\u00e1 vyu\u017eit k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b nafty i\u00a0topn\u00fdch olej\u016f.Lehk\u00e1 s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm pod\u00edlem s\u00edry. Jej\u00edm referen\u010dn\u00edm typem je tzv. ropa Brent, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed jako celosv\u011btov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed cen komodity. Kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e \u010distoty z\u00a0n\u00ed lze relativn\u011b snadno a\u00a0levn\u011b vyrobit benzin.P\u0159eva\u017euje mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b lehk\u00e1 ropa, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0Libyi, Al\u017e\u00edrsku nebo Nig\u00e9rii. Surovina je srovnateln\u00e1 s\u00a0Brentem, kter\u00fd ale \u010dasto co do jednoduchosti dal\u0161\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1. Lze z\u00a0n\u00ed snadno rafinovat a\u0165 u\u017e benzin \u010di leteck\u00e9 palivo.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco veden\u00ed ExxonMobil je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno ozna\u010dovalo investice do Venezuely za zcela nesmysln\u00e9, s\u00a0celosv\u011btov\u00fdm zdra\u017een\u00edm komodity se to m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O t\u011b\u017ebu v\u00a0jihoamerick\u00e9 zemi m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem hlavn\u011b americk\u00fd koncern Chevron, kter\u00fd se z\u00a0 Venezuely nikdy \u00fapln\u011b nest\u00e1hl\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159esto\u017ee tamn\u00ed chavistick\u00fd re\u017eim zn\u00e1rodnil velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Se z\u00e1stupci nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy u\u017e Chevron vyjednal dohodu, kter\u00e1 by mu m\u011bla rozvoj t\u011b\u017eby usnadnit.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost z\u00edskala od st\u00e1tn\u00ed ropn\u00e9 firmy PDVSA pod\u00edly ve strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch projektech, v\u010detn\u011b bohat\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0159eky Orinoko. Americk\u00fd koncern se na opl\u00e1tku vzdal m\u00e9n\u011b perspektivn\u00edch projekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Chevron se te\u010f chce ve Venezuele soust\u0159edit jen na oblasti, kde se d\u00e1 vyt\u011b\u017eit tamn\u00ed typick\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 ropa, na jej\u00ed\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou uzp\u016fsobeny rafinerie na jihu USA.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jem o\u00a0t\u011b\u017ebu v\u00a0t\u00e9to latinskoamerick\u00e9 zemi m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd koncern Repsol. I\u00a0ten se na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch podnik\u016f z\u00a0Venezuely zcela nest\u00e1hl a\u00a0m\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e9 kontakty s\u00a0tamn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou. Repsol se o\u00a0rozvoj t\u011b\u017eby zaj\u00edmal ji\u017e od svr\u017een\u00ed prezidenta Madura, ale nejd\u0159\u00edve cht\u011bl m\u00edt jednu jistotu.<\/p>\n

Venezuela dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta platila za nespolehliv\u00e9ho partnera, kter\u00fd \u010dasto nespl\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u00e9 dluhy. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b za to mohly i\u00a0americk\u00e9 sankce, kter\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 platby komplikovaly. Repsol se nyn\u00ed s\u00a0Caracasem dohodl na z\u00e1ruk\u00e1ch, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm by m\u011bl st\u00e1t v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 \u00fahrady prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u010das.<\/p>\n

\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00fd koncern na opl\u00e1tku p\u0159evezme \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho projektu na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b a\u00a0t\u011b\u017ebu hodl\u00e1 bleskov\u011b navy\u0161ovat. Produkce ropy tam m\u00e1 do roka stoupnout o\u00a050\u00a0procent a\u00a0do t\u0159\u00ed let se m\u00e1 ztrojn\u00e1sobit.<\/p>\n

Venezuela m\u00e1 sice jedny z\u00a0nejbohat\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b, \u0159ada energetick\u00fdch koncern\u016f ale hled\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti i\u00a0jinde. A\u0165 u\u017e kv\u016fli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, anebo men\u0161\u00edm technologick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ebou \u010di rafinac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A\u017e na sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik Saudi Aramco, kter\u00fd produkc\u00ed i\u00a0ziskem zasti\u0148uje, ale soust\u0159ed\u00ed se pouze na dom\u00e1c\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm hr\u00e1\u010dem v\u00a0ropn\u00e9 bran\u017ei ExxonMobil.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 firma se vedle ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 Nig\u00e9rie zaj\u00edm\u00e1 tak\u00e9 o\u00a0t\u011b\u017ebu ve vod\u00e1ch kolem \u0158ecka a\u00a0ned\u00e1vno z\u00edskala povolen\u00ed na hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku, Turecku a\u00a0africk\u00e9m Gabonu, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e rovn\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Konkuren\u010dn\u00ed Chevron krom\u011b Venezuely hled\u00e1 ropn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby i\u00a0v\u00a0mo\u0159i u\u00a0Egypta a\u00a0teprve ned\u00e1vno objevil nov\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0Mexick\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. Nad jin\u00fdm z\u00a0jeho perspektivn\u00edch projekt\u016f ale naopak vis\u00ed otazn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Jak zjistil WSJ, Chevron pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem v\u00e1lky s\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nem zah\u00e1jil exkluzivn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0Ir\u00e1kem. S\u00a0tamn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm podnikem Basra Oil cht\u011bl dosp\u011bt k\u00a0dohod\u011b, kterou by z\u00edskal pod\u00edl v\u00a0jedn\u011bch z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ropn\u00fdch pol\u00ed na pevnin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Energetick\u00e9 koncerny te\u010f sice hledaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny ropy je v\u00a0tom o\u00a0to v\u00edc poh\u00e1n\u00ed. Snaha o\u00a0omezov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b je ale v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli p\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0podle den\u00edku se d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee rozhovory v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku mohou v\u00a0t\u00e9to atmosf\u00e9\u0159e vyzn\u00edt doztracena.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zat\u00edmco ExxonMobil chyst\u00e1 ob\u0159\u00ed projekt t\u011b\u017eby ve vod\u00e1ch kolem Nig\u00e9rie, konkuren\u010dn\u00ed BP m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem o\u00a0ropn\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b u\u00a0jihoafrick\u00e9 Namibie.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13394,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68,1705,4833,905,6776,150,21139,1290,808,17746,7825,7526,205,3199,18797,1204],"class_list":{"0":"post-60825","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-byznys","8":"tag-business","9":"tag-byznys","10":"tag-ceny-energii","11":"tag-cerne-more","12":"tag-chevron","13":"tag-egypt","14":"tag-energetika","15":"tag-exxonmobil","16":"tag-irak","17":"tag-iran","18":"tag-komodity","19":"tag-konflikt-usa-izrael-iran","20":"tag-recko","21":"tag-ropa","22":"tag-tezba","23":"tag-tezebni-prumysl","24":"tag-venezuela"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116437742182370269","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60825"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60825\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}