{"id":62268,"date":"2026-04-21T22:04:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T22:04:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/62268\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T22:04:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T22:04:13","slug":"vozitko-curiosity-naslo-na-marsu-organicke-molekuly-odbornici-si-nejsou-jisti-jak-se-tam-dostaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/62268\/","title":{"rendered":"Voz\u00edtko Curiosity na\u0161lo na Marsu organick\u00e9 molekuly. Odborn\u00edci si nejsou jist\u00ed, jak se tam dostaly"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed specifick\u00e9ho druhu experimentu, kter\u00fd dosud nebyl mimo Zemi vyzkou\u0161en, tzv. TMAH termochemol\u00fdzy, identifikoval rover Curiosity na rud\u00e9 planet\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny. <\/p>\n

\u201eZat\u00edm nem\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Mars n\u011bkdy hostil \u017eivot, ale na\u0161e zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1le podporuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee Mars byl v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy na Zemi vznikal \u017eivot, obyvateln\u00fdm sv\u011btem,\u201c uvedla astrobiolo\u017eka a\u00a0planet\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bdkyn\u011b Amy Williamsov\u00e1 z\u00a0Floridsk\u00e9 univerzity, \u010dlenka v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu mise Curiosity a\u00a0hlavn\u00ed autorka studie publikovan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kup\u0159\u00edkladu p\u011bt ze sedmi r\u016fznorod\u00fdch organick\u00fdch slou\u010denin potvrzen\u00fdch t\u00edmto \u0161estikolov\u00fdm roverem v\u00a0hornin\u011b, kter\u00e1 vznikla ve vyschl\u00e9m jezern\u00edm dn\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e rovn\u00edku planety, nebylo podle v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f na Marsu dosud identifikov\u00e1no. Experiment tak\u00e9 nazna\u010dil p\u0159\u00edtomnost dal\u0161\u00ed organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 strukturu podobnou prekurzor\u016fm DNA\u00a0\u2013 molekuly nesouc\u00ed genetickou informaci v\u00a0\u017eiv\u00fdch organismech na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, tedy molekuly tvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b atomy uhl\u00edku v\u00e1zan\u00fdmi na dal\u0161\u00ed prvky, tvo\u0159\u00ed strukturn\u00ed z\u00e1klad ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho \u017eivota na Zemi. Jejich celkov\u00fd po\u010det identifikovan\u00fd na Marsu nyn\u00ed dosahuje des\u00edtek, v\u011bdci v\u0161ak upozornili, \u017ee v\u0161echny tyto slou\u010deniny mohly vzniknout i\u00a0nebiologick\u00fdmi procesy.<\/p>\n

Pokud tam v\u016fbec n\u011bkdy \u017eivot byl\u2026 <\/p>\n

Jak k\u00a0nov\u00fdm objev\u016fm do\u0161lo? Voz\u00edtko se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b pohybuje v\u00a0oblasti Glen Torridon v\u00a0marsovsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1teru Gale, co\u017e je m\u00edsto, o\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee by mohlo poskytovat podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro existenci d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, pokud tam v\u016fbec n\u011bkdy byl.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem pobytu v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti Curiosity ned\u00e1vno vyu\u017eil sv\u016fj palubn\u00ed soubor p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM), kter\u00fd byl navr\u017een k\u00a0hled\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u010denin prvku uhl\u00edku spojen\u00fdch se \u017eivotem a\u00a0ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdmi tyto slou\u010deniny vznikaj\u00ed a\u00a0zanikaj\u00ed v\u00a0marsovsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstroj SAM na roveru Curiosity dok\u00e1zal pou\u017e\u00edt chemickou l\u00e1tku hydroxid tetramethylamonn\u00fd (TMAH) k\u00a0detekci organick\u00fdch molekul v\u00a0j\u00edlovit\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u00edch t\u00e9to oblasti. Nov\u011b identifikovan\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky zahrnuj\u00ed molekuly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed dus\u00edk a\u00a0s\u00edru, kter\u00e9 jsou podobn\u00e9 surovin\u00e1m, je\u017e pomohly nastartovat vznik \u017eivota na Zemi. Pokus v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017ee ur\u010dit, zda tyto l\u00e1tky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho marsovsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, nebo z\u00a0nebiologick\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Experiment voz\u00edtka Curiosity, kter\u00e9 jinak operuje na na\u0161\u00ed sousedn\u00ed planet\u011b u\u017e od roku 2012, celkem detekoval podle port\u00e1lu Space.com<\/a> v\u00edce ne\u017e 20\u00a0organick\u00fdch molekul v\u00a0j\u00edlovit\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u00edch v\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3,5\u00a0miliardy let star\u00e9 lokalit\u011b Knockfarrill Hill v\u00a0oblasti Glen Torridon. Horniny odebran\u00e9 roverem maj\u00ed b\u00fdt sedimenty usazen\u00e9 tamn\u00ed d\u00e1vno proud\u00edc\u00ed vodou. <\/p>\n

Rozmanitost dan\u00fdch organick\u00fdch molekul nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 r\u016fznorodost byla v\u00a0d\u00e1vn\u00fdch marsovsk\u00fdch sedimentech zachov\u00e1na navzdory miliard\u00e1m let diageneze (procesu, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e se sediment m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0horninu) a\u00a0vystaven\u00ed radiaci.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako Zem\u011b a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed planety Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, vznikl Mars p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 4,5\u00a0miliardy let. V\u00a0ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi sv\u00e9 historie byl teplej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0vlh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed chladn\u00e9 a\u00a0such\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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