Mo\u017en\u00e1 si to neuv\u011bdomujete, ale va\u0161e televize o\u00a0v\u00e1s v\u00ed a\u00a0sd\u00edl\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny nov\u00e9 televizory na trhu jsou takzvan\u00e9 \u201echytr\u00e9\u201c (smart TV) a\u00a0p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed se k\u00a0internetu. A\u010dkoliv n\u00e1m to usnad\u0148uje sledov\u00e1n\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00fdch streamovac\u00edch slu\u017eeb, da\u0148 za toto pohodl\u00ed je vysok\u00e1: va\u0161e televize detailn\u011b sleduje a\u00a0zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, co p\u0159esn\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1te.<\/p>\n
Nov\u00e1 recenzovan\u00e1 studie z\u00a0roku 2024, na kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlely univerzity UC Davis, University College London a\u00a0Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 detailn\u011b a\u00a0systematicky zdokumentovala sledovac\u00ed mechanismy chytr\u00fdch televizor\u016f. V\u00fdsledky jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee televizor, kter\u00fd jste si koupili, slou\u017e\u00ed jako za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro sb\u011br dat.<\/p>\n
Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed Shazam v\u00a0ob\u00fdvac\u00edm pokoji<\/p>\n
J\u00e1drem cel\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu je technologie naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 ACR (Automatic Content Recognition), neboli automatick\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu. Tato technologie funguje v\u00a0podstat\u011b jako popul\u00e1rn\u00ed aplikace Shazam pro rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hudby, akor\u00e1t s\u00a0t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee analyzuje v\u00e1\u0161 televizn\u00ed obraz.<\/p>\n
Software uvnit\u0159 televizoru v pravideln\u00fdch intervalech po\u0159izuje miniaturn\u00ed sn\u00edmky toho, co se pr\u00e1v\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed na displeji.Tyto sn\u00edmky p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed otisky, kter\u00e9 obratem odes\u00edl\u00e1 na servery v\u00fdrobce nebo t\u0159et\u00ed strany, kde se porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi datab\u00e1zemi obsahu.Z v\u00fdzkumu vyplynulo, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad televizory zna\u010dky LG odes\u00edlaj\u00ed data o sledovan\u00e9m obsahu ka\u017ed\u00fdch 15 sekund. Televizory Samsung tak \u010din\u00ed jednou za minutu.Pozor na HDMI: V\u00a0nebezpe\u010d\u00ed jsou fotky i\u00a0citliv\u00e1 firemn\u00ed data<\/p>\n
Nejv\u00edce zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9 studie se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed televizoru jako extern\u00edho monitoru. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee ACR technologie nep\u0159estane fungovat ani v\u00a0moment\u011b, kdy je k\u00a0televizi p\u0159es HDMI kabel p\u0159ipojen\u00fd notebook nebo hern\u00ed konzole. Auto\u0159i studie to formuluj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo: s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd provoz s\u00a0t\u011bmito daty existuje i\u00a0p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed televizoru jako extern\u00edho displeje p\u0159es HDMI. Televizor, o\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee je v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli jen pasivn\u00ed obrazovka, st\u00e1le sleduje, co se na n\u00ed d\u011bje.
Pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele to p\u0159edstavuje obrovsk\u00e9 a\u00a0\u010dasto netu\u0161en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko. Znamen\u00e1 to toti\u017e, \u017ee software uvnit\u0159 televize periodicky sn\u00edm\u00e1 cokoliv, co si na velk\u00e9 obrazovce z\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010de zobraz\u00edte. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o\u00a0velmi choulostiv\u00fd obsah\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e si rodina prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 fotografie. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m to ale p\u0159edstavuje v\u00a0moment\u011b, kdy televizi vyu\u017eijete jako monitor pro pr\u00e1ci. Pokud si prom\u00edt\u00e1te firemn\u00ed prezentaci, finan\u010dn\u00ed tabulky nebo dokumenty, kter\u00e9 podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm smluvn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0dohod\u00e1m o\u00a0ml\u010denlivosti (NDA), vystavujete se riziku, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 televizor z\u00a0t\u011bchto dat vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed otisky a\u00a0odes\u00edl\u00e1 je na ciz\u00ed servery.<\/p>\n
Co p\u0159esn\u011b shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed a\u00a0pro\u010d to d\u011blaj\u00ed<\/p>\n
Sb\u011br dat nen\u00ed omezen jen na n\u00e1zev po\u0159adu. V\u00fdrobci shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed vte\u0159inu po vte\u0159in\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd sledovan\u00fd seri\u00e1l nebo film, ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159epnut\u00fd kan\u00e1l a\u00a0ka\u017edou vid\u011bnou reklamu v\u010detn\u011b d\u00e9lky jej\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. K\u00a0t\u011bmto dat\u016fm se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 IP adresa a\u00a0identifik\u00e1tor va\u0161eho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00fdrobci propojuj\u00ed IP adresu s\u00a0daty od datov\u00fdch broker\u016f, a\u00a0p\u0159i\u0159ad\u00ed tak k\u00a0va\u0161emu profilu i\u00a0v\u011bk, pohlav\u00ed, rodinn\u00fd stav \u010di \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Cel\u00fd tento bal\u00edk pak prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed inzerent\u016fm.
D\u016fvod t\u00e9to praxe je \u010dist\u011b finan\u010dn\u00ed. V\u00fdrobci chytr\u00fdch televiz\u00ed p\u0159estali b\u00fdt prim\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00fdrobci elektroniky a\u00a0stali se z\u00a0nich provozovatel\u00e9 reklamn\u00edch a\u00a0datov\u00fdch platforem. Hardware je dnes fakticky dotov\u00e1n va\u0161\u00edm profilem. D\u016fkazem jsou \u010d\u00edsla: spole\u010dnost Vizio v\u00a0roce 2023\u00a0vyk\u00e1zala z\u00a0reklamy a\u00a0datov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb tr\u017eby 598\u00a0milion\u016f dolar\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e samotn\u00fd prodej hardwaru. Spole\u010dnost LG pak v\u00a0roce 2024\u00a0vyk\u00e1zala z\u00a0reklamn\u00edho byznysu p\u0159\u00edjmy bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se 700\u00a0milion\u016fm dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n
Jak \u0161m\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed zastavit<\/p>\n
A\u010dkoliv u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se sledov\u00e1n\u00edm technicky vzato souhlasili, souhlas je zpravidla ukryt hluboko v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch slu\u017eby p\u0159i prvn\u00edm zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed televize. Vypnut\u00ed funkce zp\u011btn\u011b je velmi komplikovan\u00e9 a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat u\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch model\u016f proch\u00e1zen\u00ed \u010dtrn\u00e1cti a\u017e t\u0159iceti sedmi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi podmenu.<\/p>\n
Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou z\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu ale je, \u017ee odhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z\u00a0ACR v\u00a0nastaven\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b zastav\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd provoz na servery v\u00fdrobc\u016f. Zde jsou stru\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1vody, jak na to u\u00a0nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zna\u010dek:<\/p>\n
Samsung (syst\u00e9m Tizen)Stiskn\u011bte tla\u010d\u00edtko Home a jd\u011bte do Nastaven\u00ed.P\u0159ejd\u011bte na V\u0161echna nastaven\u00ed -> Obecn\u00e9 a soukrom\u00ed -> Podm\u00ednky a soukrom\u00ed (u star\u0161\u00edch model\u016f hledejte Podpora -> Podm\u00ednky a z\u00e1sady).Najd\u011bte a zru\u0161te za\u0161krtnut\u00ed u volby Slu\u017eby informac\u00ed o sledov\u00e1n\u00ed (Viewing Information Services). T\u00edm vypnete samotnou ACR technologii.LG (syst\u00e9m webOS)Stiskn\u011bte tla\u010d\u00edtko Nastaven\u00ed a sje\u010fte na V\u0161echna nastaven\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b Obecn\u00e9 u star\u0161\u00edch model\u016f).P\u0159ejd\u011bte do sekce Podpora a zvolte Ochrana soukrom\u00ed a podm\u00ednky.Zde vypn\u011bte polo\u017eku Informace o sledov\u00e1n\u00ed (Viewing Information), \u010d\u00edm\u017e deaktivujete ACR. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch model\u016f je nutn\u00e9 vypnout volbu Live Plus.Google TV a\u00a0Android TV (televizory Sony, TCL, Philips, Hisense)Samotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m od Googlu neumo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fapln\u00e9 odhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ze sb\u011bru dat (p\u0159ijet\u00ed podm\u00ednek je nutn\u00e9), pokud chcete chytr\u00e9 funkce vyu\u017e\u00edvat. M\u016f\u017eete ale omezit personalizovan\u00e9 reklamy t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u016fjdete do Nastaven\u00ed -> Soukrom\u00ed -> Reklamy, kde resetujete nebo sma\u017eete reklamn\u00ed ID.D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro Sony: V\u00fdrobce Sony vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ACR sledov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnost Samba TV. Funkci vypnete v Nastaven\u00ed-> V\u0161echna nastaven\u00ed, kde najdete polo\u017eku Samba Interactive TV a p\u0159epnete ji na vypnuto.Roku TV (n\u011bkter\u00e9 modely TCL, Hisense, Sharp)Na domovsk\u00e9 obrazovce v Nastaven\u00ed sje\u010fte na sekci Soukrom\u00ed (Privacy).Klikn\u011bte na Smart TV Experience a zru\u0161te za\u0161krtnut\u00ed u pol\u00ed\u010dka Use Info from TV Inputs. T\u00edm zak\u00e1\u017eete ACR technologii.Amazon Fire TVP\u0159es domovskou obrazovku p\u0159ejd\u011bte do Nastaven\u00ed -> P\u0159edvolby -> Nastaven\u00ed soukrom\u00ed (Privacy Settings).Zde m\u016f\u017eete deaktivovat volby Device Usage Data a Collect App and Over-the-Air Usage Data.Zdroje<\/p>\n
Watching TV with the Second-Party: A\u00a0First Look at Automatic Content Recognition Tracking in Smart TVs https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3646547.3689013<\/p>\n
How to Turn Off Smart TV Snooping Features https:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/electronics\/privacy\/how-to-turn-off-smart-tv-snooping-features-a4840102036\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mo\u017en\u00e1 si to neuv\u011bdomujete, ale va\u0161e televize o\u00a0v\u00e1s v\u00ed a\u00a0sd\u00edl\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny nov\u00e9 televizory na…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65294,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1014,825,74,73,78,75,47,77,76,80],"class_list":{"0":"post-65293","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-bezpecnost","9":"tag-internet","10":"tag-science","11":"tag-science-technology","12":"tag-technika","13":"tag-technology","14":"tag-televize","15":"tag-veda","16":"tag-veda-a-technika","17":"tag-zabava"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116460808113992737","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}