P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ete zat\u00edm nikdo nezn\u00e1 a\u00a0dost mo\u017en\u00e1 se j\u00ed ani nikdy nedov\u00edme. Objasnit by ji mohla p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 pitva, kter\u00e1 by mohla odhalit, \u017ee keporkak byl nap\u0159\u00edklad nemocn\u00fd, zran\u011bn\u00fd nebo t\u0159eba poz\u0159el n\u011bjak\u00fd nestraviteln\u00fd lidsk\u00fd odpad. <\/p>\n Co kdy\u017e ale pitva uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee na m\u011bl\u010din\u011b uv\u00e1zlo \u00fapln\u011b zdrav\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e?<\/p>\n Pak se nab\u00edz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b hromada dal\u0161\u00edch potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch vysv\u011btlen\u00ed a\u00a0bude hodn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zjistit, kter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich bylo v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. A\u00a0tady u\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k\u00a0j\u00e1dru probl\u00e9mu cel\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n Fenom\u00e9n toti\u017e nen\u00ed z\u00e1hadou v\u00a0prav\u00e9m slova smyslu. Nejde o\u00a0to, \u017ee bychom v\u016fbec netu\u0161ili, pro\u010d k\u00a0t\u011bmto \u00famrt\u00edm kytovc\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti je to vlastn\u011b naopak. P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se vysv\u011btlen\u00ed poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt, existuj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 jen\u017ee je jich tak moc a\u00a0jsou tak rozmanit\u00e9, \u017ee se v\u00a0nich daj\u00ed jen t\u011b\u017eko naj\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 trendy a\u00a0z\u00e1konitosti. <\/p>\n \u201eD\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d to velryby a\u00a0delf\u00edni d\u011blaj\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b asi tolik, kolik je p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f uv\u00e1znut\u00ed,\u201c upozornil<\/a> na hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m cel\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky s\u00a0m\u00edrnou nads\u00e1zkou expert na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 savce a\u00a0\u0159editel skotsk\u00e9 organizace Jednotka pro v\u00fdzkum a\u00a0z\u00e1chranu kytovc\u016f (CRRU) Kevin Robinson<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u010clov\u011bk ur\u010dit\u011b (nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd) vin\u00edk<\/p>\n Jist\u011b v\u00edme alespo\u0148 to, \u017ee kytovci t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem um\u00edraj\u00ed jak p\u0159irozen\u011b, tak s\u00a0p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n Kuri\u00f3zn\u00edm d\u016fkazem, \u017ee existuj\u00ed i\u00a0\u010dist\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, je objev<\/a> z\u00a0roku 2014, kter\u00fd uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee velryby um\u00edraly na pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edch u\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e se lidsk\u00fd druh v\u016fbec za\u010dal pohybovat po planet\u011b. \u0160lo o\u00a0fosilie z\u00a0asi 40\u00a0kus\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at star\u00fdch p\u0159es p\u011bt milion\u016f let nalezen\u00fdch p\u0159i stavebn\u00edch prac\u00edch v\u00a0Chile. \u017de tam zem\u0159ely po vyplaven\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u017e, v\u011bdci vydedukovali z\u00a0pozice jejich t\u011bl, a\u00a0p\u0159i detailn\u00ed anal\u00fdze do\u0161li dokonce k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee ne\u0161lo o\u00a0poz\u016fstatky jedin\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, ale rovnou \u010dty\u0159, kter\u00e9 od sebe d\u011blily tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou podle nich s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed byla otrava jedovat\u00fdmi mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u0159asami, ale nev\u011bd\u00ed to jist\u011b. K\u00a0podobn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm doch\u00e1z\u00ed<\/a> mimochodem i\u00a0v sou\u010dasnosti. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0159asy mohou tvory bu\u010f rovnou usmrtit, nebo tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit jejich dezorientaci, kv\u016fli n\u00ed\u017e pak uv\u00e1znou na b\u0159ehu.<\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dast\u00fdm p\u0159irozen\u00fdm d\u016fvodem k\u00a0uv\u00e1znut\u00ed jsou nemoci \u010di paraziti. Kv\u016fli siln\u00e9mu soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu chov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f mo\u0159sk\u00fdch savc\u016f se p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1vat, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed, aby byl nemocn\u00fd jen jedin\u00fd \u010dlen hejna, a\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1d to m\u016f\u017ee skon\u010dit masovou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kytovci jsou toti\u017e tak soudr\u017en\u00ed, \u017ee i\u00a0kdy\u017e se z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016fm poda\u0159\u00ed dostat zdrav\u00e9 jedince do hlub\u0161\u00ed vody, nemocn\u00fd zakl\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd jedinec je m\u016f\u017ee znovu p\u0159ivolat a\u00a0tvorov\u00e9 se za n\u00edm ochotn\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed do smrt\u00edc\u00ed pasti.<\/p>\n Kdy\u017e je \u0159e\u010d o\u00a0past\u00edch, m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed probl\u00e9m v\u00a0podob\u011b z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00fdch m\u00edst. Jsou toti\u017e pl\u00e1\u017ee, kde k\u00a0masov\u00fdm uv\u00e1znut\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed opakovan\u011b a\u00a0v\u011bdci u\u00a0nich pozoruj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 charakteristiky, kter\u00e9 nejsp\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0dezorientaci \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech v\u00a0Nov\u00e9 Anglii a\u00a0USA se velryby podle dobov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f vyplavovaly<\/a> na m\u011bl\u010dinu na stejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech jako dnes u\u017e v\u00a0dob\u00e1ch purit\u00e1nsk\u00fdch osad v\u00a017.\u00a0stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee \u010dasto hraje roli i\u00a0lov, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 savce m\u016f\u017ee na m\u011bl\u010dinu dohnat pred\u00e1tor, a\u00a0jin\u00e9 druhy tam naopak m\u016f\u017eou zabloudit p\u0159i pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ko\u0159isti nebo p\u0159i souboji se z\u00e1stupci stejn\u00e9ho druhu.<\/p>\n Nakonec dodejme jednu hypot\u00e9zu, kter\u00e1 sice je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b potvrzen\u00e1, ale dob\u0159e ilustruje, o\u00a0jak \u0161irok\u00e9 palet\u011b mo\u017enost\u00ed se v\u011bdci bav\u00ed. Od ledna 2016, kdy do\u0161lo k\u00a0masov\u00e9mu uv\u00e1znut\u00ed des\u00edtek vorva\u0148\u016f obrovsk\u00fdch na b\u0159ehu Severn\u00edho mo\u0159e, se v\u011bdci v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed<\/a> ot\u00e1zkou, zda na vin\u011b mohlo b\u00fdt naru\u0161en\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole v\u00a0d\u016fsledku sol\u00e1rn\u00ed bou\u0159e. \u010casov\u011b toti\u017e ud\u00e1lost korelovala v\u00a0tomto i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech a\u00a0v\u011bdci se u\u017e dlouho domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee vorvani,\u00a0stejn\u011b jako dal\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata migruj\u00edc\u00ed na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b k\u00a0orientaci.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i\u00a0sonar<\/p>\n \u0160kodit m\u016f\u017ee i\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bkem zp\u016fsoben\u00fd podmo\u0159sk\u00fd hluk. U\u017e v\u00a0roce 2002\u00a0americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo p\u0159iznalo<\/a>, \u017ee velryby um\u00edraly v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zmaten\u00ed vojensk\u00fdmi sonary p\u0159i n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm cvi\u010den\u00ed. Jak p\u0159esn\u011b k\u00a0tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, se ale dosud nev\u00ed.<\/p>\n \u201eNed\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sonaru zab\u00edj\u00ed velryby. Nem\u00e1me ani d\u016fkazy, \u017ee sonary velryby zab\u00edj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo. Sonar se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hojn\u011b nejen vojensk\u00fdmi, ale i\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00edmi plavidly, a\u00a0nen\u00ed to tak, \u017ee bychom registrovali p\u0159\u00edpady stovek a\u00a0tis\u00edc\u016f mrtv\u00fdch velryb v\u00a0d\u016fsledku sonar\u016f,\u201c \u0159ekla k\u00a0tomu u\u017e p\u0159ed lety sv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 expertka Darlene Kettenov\u00e1<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se osobn\u011b pod\u00edlela na pitv\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at nalezen\u00fdch na pl\u00e1\u017ei pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u00edsta kon\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho cvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n Lidsk\u00fd vliv je nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto o\u00a0hodn\u011b prozai\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pitvan\u00fdch uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fdch velryb toti\u017e podle Kettenov\u00e9 m\u00edv\u00e1 zn\u00e1mky zran\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eku s\u00a0lod\u00ed nebo omezen\u00ed mobility v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zapleten\u00ed se do ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Kv\u016fli lod\u00edm ostatn\u011b podle odhad\u016f um\u00edr\u00e1 hodn\u011b velryb i\u00a0rovnou v\u00a0mo\u0159i. N\u011bkter\u00e9 odhady uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee sr\u00e1\u017eek m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt i\u00a0des\u00edtky tis\u00edc ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n \u010clov\u011bk tak\u00e9 ve velk\u00e9m ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdskyt potravy mo\u0159sk\u00fdch savc\u016f, a\u00a0to jak rybolovem, tak skrze klimatickou zm\u011bnu, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee vlastn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edmo zp\u016fsobovat i\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy se velryby dostanou na m\u011bl\u010dinu p\u0159i lovu. Zm\u011bna klimatu mimochodem m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat<\/a> i\u00a0k v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nebo \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0159as zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, ale nev\u00edme pro\u010d<\/p>\n Krom\u011b vysok\u00e9ho po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din p\u0159ehled v\u00a0problematice komplikuje i\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159e posti\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f a\u00a0jejich specifika. R\u016fzn\u00ed mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed savci toti\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby navigace a\u00a0komunikace a\u00a0vyskytuj\u00ed se v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch, tak\u017ee to, co je pro jedny smrt\u00edc\u00ed, nemus\u00ed jin\u00fdm v\u016fbec vadit.<\/p>\n Vod\u00edtkem k\u00a0tomu, jak velk\u00fd je vliv \u010dlov\u011bka, by teoreticky mohl b\u00fdt trend ve v\u00fdskytu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u00famrt\u00ed, ale ani tady to nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9. Masov\u00fdch i\u00a0ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f uv\u00e1znut\u00ed alespo\u0148 n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch sice prokazateln\u011b v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1<\/a>, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u010d\u00e1sti d\u00e1no i\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed velryb\u00ed populace. <\/p>\n N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy byly rybolovem v\u00a0minulosti dohn\u00e1ny a\u017e na pokraj vyhynut\u00ed, ale te\u010f se po z\u00e1kazech lovu za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed zotavovat, tak\u017ee\u00a0je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 dobrat se k\u00a0tomu, kolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f uv\u00e1znut\u00ed je pro n\u011b vlastn\u011b \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u011bdci tedy na rozd\u00edl od Aristotela dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed objasnit p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch velryb u\u00a0b\u0159eh\u016f. K\u00a0tomu, aby ur\u010dili, jakou v\u00e1hu kter\u00e1 z\u00a0nich glob\u00e1ln\u011b m\u00e1, maj\u00ed ale je\u0161t\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d daleko.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201eNev\u00ed se, pro\u010d n\u011bkdy vyplavou na b\u0159eh. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee se to d\u011bje docela \u010dasto, kdy\u017e se jim…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43917,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[17,21,16,7121,18,19,22,15035,20],"class_list":{"0":"post-65666","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zpravy","8":"tag-headlines","9":"tag-hlavni-udalosti","10":"tag-news","11":"tag-ocean","12":"tag-top-news","13":"tag-top-stories","14":"tag-udalosti-dne","15":"tag-velryby","16":"tag-zpravy"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116463631274213863","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65666"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65666\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1775546109_507_keporkak.jpeg\")
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