{"id":67491,"date":"2026-04-27T04:35:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T04:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/67491\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T04:35:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T04:35:17","slug":"550-let-knihtisku-v-ceskych-zemich-prvni-vytistenou-knihou-byl-cirkevni-zakonik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/67491\/","title":{"rendered":"550\u00a0let knihtisku v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch: Prvn\u00ed vyti\u0161t\u011bnou knihou byl c\u00edrkevn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Za po\u010d\u00e1tek knihtisku v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je pova\u017eov\u00e1no vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Statut Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic<\/a>, kter\u00e9 vy\u0161lo 26.\u00a0dubna 1476\u00a0v\u00a0Plzni. Jednalo se o\u00a0c\u00edrkevn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk sepsan\u00fd sice ji\u017e v\u00a0polovin\u011b 14.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, jeho v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ale umo\u017enila a\u017e ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 podoba.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u00e9 datum vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je uvedeno p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0knize, co\u017e nen\u00ed u\u00a0takto star\u00fdch tisk\u016f samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed. Do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f se dochovaly pouze t\u0159i exempl\u00e1\u0159e. Jeden z\u00a0nich je ulo\u017een v\u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00ed knihovn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0Praze, kter\u00e1 jej u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstav\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdstavy<\/a> \u201e550\u00a0let \u010desk\u00e9ho knihtisku\u201c. Prob\u011bhne od 27.\u00a0dubna do 2.\u00a0\u010dervna.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd exempl\u00e1\u0159 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0Knihovn\u011b pra\u017esk\u00e9 metropolitn\u00ed kapituly, ov\u0161em t\u0159et\u00ed v\u00fdtisk urazil mnohem del\u0161\u00ed cestu. P\u016fvodn\u011b byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 Lobkowiczk\u00e9 knihovny, historick\u00e9 okolnosti jej ale nakonec zavedly a\u017e za oce\u00e1n. Dnes je uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n v\u00a0americk\u00e9 Knihovn\u011b Kongresu ve Washingtonu.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Prvn\u00ed krok k\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed revoluci<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edchod knihtisku do \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed nebyl podle historik\u016f izolovanou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. V\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy byla Statuta Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic vyd\u00e1na, byl knihtisk v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en, vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti ho proto nevn\u00edmala vysloven\u011b jako \u017ehavou novinku.<\/p>\n

Foto: manuscriptorium.com, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed knihovna \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/p>\n

Str\u00e1nka ze Statut Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic<\/p>\n

\u201eSp\u00ed\u0161 by se dalo \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee je to p\u0159\u00edchod technologie, o\u00a0kter\u00e9 se v\u011bd\u011blo, ale teprve se vlastn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bla,\u201c popisuje situaci v\u00a0rozhovoru k\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed<\/a> Vojt\u011bch \u0160\u00edcha, vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed d\u011bjin knihy v\u00a0Knihovn\u011b Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed stav z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u00a0n\u00e1stupu po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u010di internetu do \u0161kol v\u00a090.\u00a0letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 tisky Knihovny AV \u010cR<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e Knihovna Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR publikaci Statuta Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic nevlastn\u00ed, jej\u00ed fondy ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0159adu jin\u00fdch cenn\u00fdch tisk\u016f, kter\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj knihtisku a\u00a0kni\u017en\u00ed kultury.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem je Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon vydan\u00fd v\u00a0Praze na konci 15.\u00a0stolet\u00ed nebo italsk\u00e9 prvotisky, na nich\u017e je dob\u0159e patrn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v\u00a0technick\u00e9 i\u00a0estetick\u00e9 \u00farovni tiska\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159emesla. Zat\u00edmco ran\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 tisky p\u016fsob\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e st\u0159\u00eddm\u011b, italsk\u00e1 produkce vynik\u00e1 propracovanost\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdtvarnou kvalitou.<\/p>\n

Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 d\u00edla uchov\u00e1van\u00e1 v\u00a0Knihovn\u011b Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR pat\u0159\u00ed Kronika kostnick\u00e9ho koncilu nebo Kalend\u00e1\u0159 historick\u00fd Adama z\u00a0Veleslav\u00edna, kter\u00fd se stal jak\u00fdmsi synonymem pro zlatou \u00e9ru \u010desk\u00e9ho knihtisku v\u00a0dob\u011b renesance.<\/p>\n

Foto: Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed knihovna Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR<\/p>\n

Tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nka z\u00a0Kalend\u00e1\u0159e historick\u00e9ho z\u00a0roku 1590<\/p>\n

Paralely s\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dobou<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdch aspekt\u016f v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed je jeho aktu\u00e1lnost. P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u00e1s od prvn\u00edch ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch knih d\u011bl\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011bt stolet\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201eLid\u00e9 ji\u017e tehdy \u0159e\u0161ili, zda informac\u00ed nen\u00ed mnoho, jak se v\u00a0nich vyznat, co si s\u00a0t\u00edm vlastn\u011b po\u010d\u00edt,\u201c zazn\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0rozhovoru s\u00a0Vojt\u011bchem \u0160\u00edchou. Mno\u017estv\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch knih p\u0159ineslo v\u00a015.\u00a0stolet\u00ed pocit informa\u010dn\u00edho zahlcen\u00ed podobn\u00fd tomu, kter\u00fd za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dnes v\u00a0\u00e9\u0159e digit\u00e1ln\u00edho obsahu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Trh byl zaplaven texty, v\u00a0nich\u017e se lid\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vali orientovat, a\u00a0instituce, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm c\u00edrkev a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc, za\u010daly poci\u0165ovat pot\u0159ebu informace kontrolovat, organizovat a\u00a0n\u011bkdy i\u00a0omezovat jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd rok jedna akce za druhou <\/p>\n

V\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 550\u00a0let \u010desk\u00e9ho knihtisku p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 tak\u00e9 iniciativa Knihtisk 550<\/a>, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje knihovny a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed instituce spravuj\u00edc\u00ed historick\u00e9 kni\u017en\u00ed fondy.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je oslovit \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost a\u00a0uk\u00e1zat, jak knihy vznikaly \u010di jak d\u016fle\u017eitou roli ve spole\u010dnosti hr\u00e1ly. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by iniciativa cht\u011bla vzbudit z\u00e1jem mlad\u00e9 generace, nebo\u0165 odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se star\u00fdm tisk\u016fm v\u011bnuj\u00ed, je st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oslav budou t\u00e9\u017e rozmanit\u00e9 besedy, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed akce. Knihovna Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR v\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti p\u0159ipravila s\u00e9rii setk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0odborn\u00edky, kter\u00e1 budou zam\u011b\u0159ena na prvotisky, kni\u017en\u00ed kulturu \u010di restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch knih. Na podzim pak p\u0159ijde na \u0159adu akce \u201eKnihovna sn\u016f\u201c, je\u017e bude ur\u010dena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem.<\/p>\n

Kronika troj\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vs. Statuta Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic<\/p>\n

V minulosti byla za prvn\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bnou knihu na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na Kronika troj\u00e1nsk\u00e1, tradi\u010dn\u011b datov\u00e1na do roku 1468.\u00a0Jde o\u00a0staro\u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad latinsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla Historia destructionis Troiae (1287), inspirovan\u00e9ho zn\u00e1m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o\u00a0tr\u00f3jsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed v\u00fdzkum ale uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee uveden\u00fd rok 1468\u00a0neozna\u010duje dobu tisku. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0rukopisn\u00e9 p\u0159edlohy, z\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e tiska\u0159 vych\u00e1zel. Kniha byla ve skute\u010dnosti vyti\u0161t\u011bna o\u00a010\u00a0a\u017e 20\u00a0let pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Za nejstar\u0161\u00ed dolo\u017een\u00fd tisk na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed jsou proto pova\u017eov\u00e1na Statuta Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic z\u00a0roku 1476, u\u00a0nich\u017e je datum uvedeno p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0knize. Kronika troj\u00e1nsk\u00e1 p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ran\u00fdm tiskem.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Za po\u010d\u00e1tek knihtisku v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je pova\u017eov\u00e1no vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Statut Arno\u0161ta z\u00a0Pardubic, kter\u00e9 vy\u0161lo 26.\u00a0dubna 1476\u00a0v\u00a0Plzni. Jednalo se o\u00a0c\u00edrkevn\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":67492,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[6067,22681,43,42,41,40,441,11652,22680,386,1863,91],"class_list":{"0":"post-67491","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-akademie-ved-ceske-republiky-avcr","9":"tag-arnost-z-pardubic","10":"tag-ceska-republika","11":"tag-cesko","12":"tag-czech-republic","13":"tag-czechia","14":"tag-historie","15":"tag-knihovny","16":"tag-knihtisk","17":"tag-knihy","18":"tag-plzen","19":"tag-vystavy"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116474814470794519","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67491"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67491\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}