{"id":68539,"date":"2026-04-27T22:36:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T22:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/68539\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T22:36:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T22:36:22","slug":"bosenske-polarity-po-nejvetsi-z-etnickych-valek-v-byvale-jugoslavii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/68539\/","title":{"rendered":"Bosensk\u00e9 polarity po nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0etnick\u00fdch v\u00e1lek v\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"e_cy\">Byla to prvn\u00ed mise NATO, kter\u00e9 se na\u0161e arm\u00e1da \u00fa\u010dastnila, jej\u00edm mand\u00e1tem bylo silou prosadit m\u00edr ve v\u00e1lkou zni\u010den\u00e9 Bosn\u011b. J\u00e1 jsem se ocitl v\u00a0tomto m\u011bst\u011b necel\u00e9 dva roky po \u201eOtock\u00e9m incidentu\u201c jako \u010dlen v\u00fdpravy skupiny novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f k\u00a0na\u0161im voj\u00e1k\u016fm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00edm se mise SFOR (Stabilisation Force). Byla to mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e1 mise pod patronac\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 organizace NATO mezi lety 1996\u00a0a\u00a02004\u00a0na \u00fazem\u00ed Bosny a\u00a0Hercegoviny. Jej\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo stabilizovat bezpe\u010dnost v\u00a0oblasti a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0ust\u00e1len\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f a\u00a0rozvoji regionu. M\u011bla dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti (Operation Joint Guard a\u00a0Operation Joint Forge), kter\u00e9 na sebe navazovaly a\u00a0je\u017e pokra\u010dovaly v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci mise IFOR<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Nap\u0159ed ale z\u00e1kladn\u00ed statistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o\u00a0Bosn\u011b a\u00a0Hercegovin\u011b a\u00a0v\u00e1lce v\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Roku 1991\u00a0\u017eilo v\u00a0Bosn\u011b a\u00a0Hercegovin\u011b 44\u00a0procent Bos\u0148\u00e1k\u016f (z 90\u00a0% muslimov\u00e9), 31\u00a0procent Srb\u016f (z 99\u00a0% pravoslavn\u00ed), 17\u00a0procent Chorvat\u016f (z 88\u00a0% katol\u00edci) a\u00a06\u00a0procent lid\u00ed se deklarovalo coby Jugosl\u00e1vci.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Bos\u0148\u00e1ci a\u00a0Chorvati vyhl\u00e1sili 3.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 1992\u00a0nez\u00e1vislost Bosny a\u00a0Hercegoviny na z\u00e1klad\u011b referenda z\u00a01.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 1992.\u00a0Srbov\u00e9 referendum bojkotovali a\u00a07.\u00a0dubna 1992\u00a0vyhl\u00e1sili vlastn\u00ed republiku v\u00a0Bosn\u011b. Politick\u00fd konflikt p\u0159erostl v\u00a0ozbrojen\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, j\u00edm\u017e padlo za ob\u011b\u0165 (i v\u00a0etnick\u00fdch \u010distk\u00e1ch) na sto tis\u00edc obyvatel a\u00a0velmi pos\u00edlily vz\u00e1jemnou nevra\u017eivost mezi n\u00e1rodnostmi zem\u011b. Ve v\u00e1lce bojoval prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd proti ka\u017ed\u00e9mu. OSN vyslala do zem\u011b jednotky, je\u017e rozd\u011blily bojuj\u00edc\u00ed strany. Po 42\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch boj\u016f byla pod tlakem USA uzav\u0159ena m\u00edrov\u00e1 dohoda 21.\u00a0listopadu 1995\u00a0v\u00a0Daytonu a\u00a014.\u00a0prosince 1995\u00a0ji v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei slavnostn\u011b ratifikovaly v\u0161echny bojuj\u00edc\u00ed strany.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"639\"   width=\"964\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1777329380_275_miny.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00edme minami zni\u010denou oblast\u00ed Hambarine<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Po v\u00e1lce se statistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje velmi zm\u011bnily, jeliko\u017e za ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zahynulo podle odhad\u016f sto tis\u00edc obyvatel zem\u011b (70\u00a0procent Bos\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, 25\u00a0procent Srb\u016f a\u00a0p\u011bt procent Chorvat\u016f), skoro polovina obyvatelstva byla p\u0159es\u00eddlena, a\u00a0to v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zem\u011b i\u00a0do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f americk\u00e9 CIA \u017eilo v\u00a0roce 2000\u00a0v\u00a0Bosn\u011b a\u00a0Hercegovin\u011b 52\u00a0procent Bos\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, 34,1\u00a0procenta Srb\u016f, 12,3\u00a0procenta Chorvat\u016f a\u00a00,6\u00a0procenta ostatn\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Co jsme p\u0159i v\u00fdprav\u011b za\u017eili<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Shrben\u00e1 star\u00e1 \u017eena v\u00a0\u010dern\u00e9m kab\u00e1t\u011b zp\u00edv\u00e1 monot\u00f3nn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148. Plou\u017e\u00ed se bos\u00e1 v\u00a0d\u011brav\u00fdch pun\u010doch\u00e1ch po zledovat\u011bl\u00e9 hl\u00edn\u011b tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b t\u00e1hnouc\u00edho se pod\u00e9l silnice do m\u011bsta Otoka. P\u0159es ruku j\u00ed vis\u00ed za jedno ucho o\u0161unt\u011bl\u00e1 ta\u0161ka na almu\u017eny. Je na tom v\u00e1\u017en\u011b tak b\u00eddn\u011b, nebo chce vzbuzovat soucit, aby d\u00e1rci byli \u0161t\u011bd\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed? Netu\u0161\u00edm. V\u00edm jen, \u017ee je to drasticky p\u016fsobiv\u00fd detail dokresluj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echno, co jsme v\u00a0Bosn\u011b vid\u011bli.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na\u0161e n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva kon\u010d\u00ed. Tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b je zast\u00e1vkou na z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 cest\u011b vojensk\u00fdm land roverem, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s uplynul\u00e9 t\u0159i dny v\u0161ude vozil. Vysko\u010d\u00edme z\u00a0au\u0165\u00e1ku. M\u00e1me na sob\u011b vojensk\u00e9 od\u011bvy a\u00a0na nich visa\u010dky SFOR kv\u016fli na\u0161\u00ed ochran\u011b. Jako cizinci v\u00a0civilu bychom mohli vzbudit vra\u017eedn\u00e9 choutky n\u011bjak\u00e9ho snajpra \u010di teroristy, kter\u00fdch je tady po\u0159\u00e1d dost. K\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm maj\u00ed v\u0161ak Bos\u0148\u00e1ci i\u00a0Srbov\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bru, ur\u010dit\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e k\u00a0Brit\u016fm nebo Ameri\u010dan\u016fm. St\u00e1le n\u00e1s berou jako za dob Jugosl\u00e1vie za pobratimy \u010dili bratrance.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"664\"   width=\"979\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/trziste.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b na kraji m\u011bsta Otoka<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na\u0161i d\u016fv\u011bru ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebud\u00ed klob\u00e1sy, uzen\u00e9 maso, ryby ani jin\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed nab\u00edzen\u00e9 zdej\u0161\u00edmi trhovci. Rad\u0161i naskakujeme do roveru a\u00a0pokra\u010dujeme k\u00a0me\u0161it\u011b s\u00a0minaretem na kraji Otoky. Me\u0161it je v\u00a0Bosn\u011b spousta, ale v\u0161echny, kter\u00e9 jsme dosud vid\u011bli, m\u011bly zbo\u0159en\u00e9 minarety. Tento stoj\u00ed, je v\u0161ak uprost\u0159ed prost\u0159elen\u00fd. Doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed major vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee na n\u011bj vyp\u00e1lila d\u011blov\u00fd projektil nud\u00edc\u00ed se os\u00e1dka zakopan\u00e9ho tanku.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Posledn\u00edm c\u00edlem na\u0161\u00ed cesty je Bosanska Krupa, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna na muslimsk\u00e9 stran\u011b od z\u00f3ny separace, co odd\u011bluje Muslimsko-chorvatskou federac\u00ed a\u00a0Republiku srbskou v\u00a0Bosn\u011b. Na srbsk\u00e9 stran\u011b le\u017e\u00ed na\u0161e z\u00e1kladna v\u00a0Donji Ljubiji u\u00a0Prijedoru. Hlavou mi t\u00e1hnou vzpom\u00ednky na v\u0161echno, co jsme tady pro\u017eili.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Putov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u010desk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladnami<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">P\u0159ijeli jsme kr\u00e1tce potom, kdy ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci SFOR zatkli bosensko-srbsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la Radislava Krsti\u010de. V\u00a0\u010dervenci 1995\u00a0velel operaci dobyt\u00ed muslimsk\u00e9 enkl\u00e1vy Srebrenica ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Bosn\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se mu odpov\u011bdnost za n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 masakry tis\u00edc\u016f muslim\u016f. Jeho zat\u010den\u00ed pr\u00fd vyvolalo nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti, kde p\u016fsob\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd prapor. K\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm incident\u016fm v\u0161ak podle na\u0161ich voj\u00e1k\u016f nedo\u0161lo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Projeli jsme se kolem \u0159eky Sany a\u00a0s\u00e1dkov\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 odd\u011bluj\u00ed Srby od Bos\u0148\u00e1k\u016f. Ti z\u00a0devades\u00e1ti procent vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed isl\u00e1m, proto se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 Muslimov\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201em\u011bn\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0n\u00e1rodnost. Srbsko-muslimsk\u00e1 polarita je tady patrn\u00e1 snad ze v\u0161eho. Major n\u00e1m pov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdcviku opravila \u017eenijn\u00ed rota n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f rozbit\u00e9 silnice na srbsk\u00e9 stran\u011b a\u00a0stejn\u00fd po\u010det kilometr\u016f museli vyspravit i\u00a0na stran\u011b muslimsk\u00e9. Ze \u0161tosu \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o\u00a0pomoc vybrali nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00faseky, kudy se sv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed d\u011bti do \u0161kol.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Nechali jsme si vypr\u00e1v\u011bt, co se zde ud\u00e1lo za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u00e9to mise \u010desk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Dohl\u00ed\u017eeli na hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh voleb, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1zely ur\u010dit\u00e9 provokace. Zaji\u0161\u0165ovali klid p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch uprchl\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jejich p\u016fvodn\u00edch domovech. Jezd\u00ed tam \u010distit zbo\u0159eni\u0161t\u011b sv\u00fdch dom\u016f a\u00a0hroby bl\u00edzk\u00fdch. Ani to se pr\u00fd neobe\u0161lo bez incident\u016f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na podzim se exhumovaly hromadn\u00e9 hroby. Maj\u00ed jich tady b\u00fdt stovky a\u00a0dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se tu za v\u00e1lky d\u011bla zv\u011brstva z\u00a0obou stran. Nedlouho p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjezdem byl objeven hromadn\u00fd hrob v\u00a0multietnick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00fd pat\u0159il k\u00a0t\u011bm velk\u00fdm, proto\u017ee skr\u00fdval na sto pades\u00e1t ob\u011bt\u00ed. Objevili ho v\u00a0lese ve t\u0159icet metr\u016f hlubok\u00e9 \u0161acht\u011b ve tvaru zvonu a\u00a0exhumace t\u011bl prob\u00edhala bez \u00fa\u010dasti zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vojsk.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Ani na jin\u00fdch exhumac\u00edch se voj\u00e1ci SFOR p\u0159\u00edmo nepod\u00edlej\u00ed. Patroly a\u00a0komise jen doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed voj\u00e1ky a\u00a0policisty, kte\u0159\u00ed ostatky z\u00a0hrob\u016f vyzved\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u00a0pak odv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed k\u00a0expert\u00edz\u00e1m, je\u017e maj\u00ed ur\u010dit, pokud to jde, toto\u017enost mrtv\u00fdch. Nakonec se uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 hromadn\u00fd poh\u0159eb tam, odkud ob\u011bti poch\u00e1zely. V\u00ed se o\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b masov\u00fdch hrob\u016f, ale dr\u017e\u00ed se v\u00a0tajnosti kv\u016fli bezpe\u010dnosti lid\u00ed, jich\u017e se n\u011bjak dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Ter\u00e9nn\u00ed Land Rover ti\u0161e bublal zasn\u011b\u017een\u00fdm zvln\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm poset\u00fdm stromy a\u00a0troskami obydl\u00ed, kam se \u010dlov\u011bk pod\u00edval. M\u00ed\u0159ili jsme do Hambarine, co\u017e je oblast \u0161esti vesnic mezi Prijedorem a\u00a0Donjou Lubij\u00ed. Cestou jsme se dov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee tu p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou \u017eili z\u00a0devades\u00e1ti procent p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0bohat\u0161\u00ed muslimov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Te\u010f je Hambarine lidupr\u00e1zdn\u00e9. V\u0161echny domy byly za jedinou noc podminov\u00e1ny a\u00a0vyhozeny do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed, kdy\u017e se Srbov\u00e9 dov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee se sem maj\u00ed muslimov\u00e9 vr\u00e1tit. P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 utekli v\u011bt\u0161inou do Sanskiho Mostu a\u00a0sem jezd\u00ed pouze o\u00a0v\u00edkendech odkl\u00edzet ruiny a\u00a0upravovat okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Sledoval jsem \u017ealostn\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edceniny a\u00a0bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161nou pustinu a\u00a0\u0159\u00edkal si, \u017ee to d\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b fu\u0161ku v\u0161echno odklidit a\u00a0znovu postavit. D\u00fdchal z\u00a0toho smutek t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fvaby okoln\u00ed krajiny nedok\u00e1zal schovat ani sn\u00edh. Tady jsme v\u0161ichni museli m\u00edt na hlav\u011b kovov\u00e9 helmy a\u00a0na t\u011blech nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty, i\u00a0kdy\u017e to nebylo nic p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"666\"   width=\"970\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/navrsi.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">B\u00fdval\u00e1 \u0161kola v\u00a0Hambarine<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">D\u00edvali jsme se pak na Hambarine ze \u0161koly na n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed. Nikdo ji sice nerozst\u0159\u00edlel ani nevyhodil do vzduchu, zato byla zcela vyrabovan\u00e1. Ze strop\u016f a\u00a0z\u00e1rubn\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed visely rampouchy, vlhkost a\u00a0pl\u00edse\u0148 roze\u017erala zdi m\u00edsty pomalovan\u00e9 nemravn\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky. Paradoxn\u011b dokazovaly, \u017ee \u017eivot ani zde p\u0159ece jenom neskon\u010dil. Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vzorce slou\u010denin a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st periodick\u00e9 soustavy prvk\u016f na zbytc\u00edch oml\u00e1cen\u00e9 om\u00edtky v\u00a0chemick\u00e9 u\u010debn\u011b p\u016fsobily v\u0161ak p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fdm dojmem.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Vr\u00e1tili jsme se na z\u00e1kladnu v\u00a0Donji Lubiji a\u00a0ne\u017e jsme op\u011bt vyrazili Land Roverem na prohl\u00eddku Kozarce, p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili n\u00e1m voj\u00e1ci situaci v\u00a0tomto m\u011bst\u011b na srbsk\u00e9 stran\u011b od z\u00f3ny separace. St\u0159elba proti n\u011bmeck\u00e9 firm\u011b, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0Kozarci spolu s\u00a0norskou firmou opravovala domy pro n\u00e1vrat muslimsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f ze Sanskiho Mostu, byla d\u00e1v\u00e1na o\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0ud\u00e1lostmi v\u00a0Kosovu. Kr\u00e1tce na to tam asi terorist\u00e9 vyhodili do vzduchu opravovan\u00fd d\u016fm t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b muslimsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"674\"   width=\"974\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/strileni.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Stavba \u010din\u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kterou prov\u00e1d\u011bly firmy z\u00a0N\u011bmecka a\u00a0Norska v\u00a0Kozarci.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Pak se voj\u00e1ci pod\u00edleli na odkl\u00edzen\u00ed trosek a\u00a0vypro\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bl mrtv\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch letc\u016f z\u00a0havarovan\u00e9ho vrtuln\u00edku. Smutek z\u00a0trag\u00e9die, jak jsme se dov\u011bd\u011bli, na n\u011b padal u\u017e p\u0159i akc\u00edch po hav\u00e1rii a\u00a0pak p\u0159i rozlou\u010den\u00ed se zesnul\u00fdmi. To jsou n\u00e1sledky v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 nut\u00ed voj\u00e1ky o\u00a0v\u0161em p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let. Jsou pr\u00fd ale odoln\u00ed, tak\u017ee to zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed i\u00a0p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00edch s\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edmi. Ti maj\u00ed v\u00e1lku v\u00a0sob\u011b. Ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00a0n\u00ed ud\u011blal zku\u0161enost, ka\u017ed\u00e9ho poznamenala.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Kozarac je m\u011bsto, kde patroly \u010desk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f monitoruj\u00ed \u010dinnost uprchl\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0tak\u00e9 uprchlick\u00fd t\u00e1bor ve \u0161kole. Krajin\u0161t\u00ed Srbov\u00e9 tam u\u017e t\u0159i roky bydl\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011blocvi\u010dn\u011b, sp\u00ed vedle sebe na zemi na slamn\u00edc\u00edch, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 v\u011bci. Okny sleduj\u00ed, jak nedaleko roste nov\u00fd, na zdej\u0161\u00ed pom\u011bry luxusn\u00ed \u010din\u017e\u00e1k pro muslimy. Je podsklepen\u00fd, m\u00e1 rozveden\u00fd vodovod, koupelny a\u00a0splachovac\u00ed z\u00e1chody, co\u017e ten p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b nem\u011bl.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Proch\u00e1zeli jsme mezi lidmi na slamn\u00edc\u00edch a\u00a0jedin\u00e1 \u017eena mezi n\u00e1mi mi \u0159ekla, \u017ee jim ani nediv\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou na\u0161tvan\u00ed, \u017ee se tady opravuj\u00ed domy pro n\u00e1vrat muslim\u016f, zat\u00edmco oni \u017eij\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci v\u00a0b\u00eddn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Nam\u00edtl jsem, \u017ee nev\u00edme, jak moc si svou sou\u010dasnou situaci zavinili sami nen\u00e1vist\u00ed v\u016f\u010di muslim\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0asi tis\u00edcovky nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obyvatel Kozarce jsou Srbov\u00e9, muslim\u016f je tu te\u010f asi osm rodin, a\u010dkoli p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou tvo\u0159ili p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st obyvatelstva. Dnes jsou v\u00a0Sanskim Most\u011b, kter\u00fd byl d\u0159\u00edve zase srbsk\u00fd. Prov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed major n\u00e1m vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee se uprchl\u00edci mezi Kozarcem a\u00a0Sanskim Mostem vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed rodina za rodinu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">M\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1va ve m\u011bst\u011b je srbsk\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako policie, a\u010dkoli existuj\u00ed snahy o\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed multietnick\u00e9 policie. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edm se mi do mysli vkradla ot\u00e1zka, pro\u010d mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed usiluje o\u00a0op\u011btovn\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 prom\u00edsen\u00ed obyvatelstva, kdy\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed zem\u011b, jak se zd\u00e1, m\u00edstn\u00edm lidem celkem vyhovuje.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Spole\u010denstv\u00ed pr\u00fd ale nechce, aby v\u00a0krvav\u00e9 v\u00e1lce vydobyt\u00e9 etnicky \u010dist\u00e9 bosensk\u00e9 Srbsko slou\u017eilo jin\u00fdm za p\u0159\u00edklad, jak dos\u00e1hnout n\u00e1sil\u00edm podobn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba v\u00a0Kosovu. Vysv\u011btlil mi to ve\u010der u\u00a0plechovkov\u00e9ho piva zase u\u017e na z\u00e1kladn\u011b jeden n\u00e1\u0161 kapit\u00e1n. Bavili jsme se pak o\u00a0v\u0161ech t\u011bchto probl\u00e9mech, a\u017e jsem m\u00e1lem zapomn\u011bl, \u017ee jsem se m\u011bl j\u00edt osprchovat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no n\u00e1s cestou do Batkovc\u016f zastavilo st\u00e1do prasat. Byla to dom\u00e1c\u00ed prasata, kter\u00e1 za v\u00e1lky utekla a\u00a0te\u010f \u017eila voln\u011b v\u00a0kopc\u00edch v\u00a0oblasti Star\u00e9 Rjeky. Batkovci jsou vesnice, kde p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou relativn\u011b svorn\u011b \u017eila t\u0159i etnika, po \u010dty\u0159iceti procentech muslim\u016f a\u00a0Srb\u016f a\u00a0dvacet procent Chorvat\u016f. Potom se tudy v\u0161ak t\u0159ikr\u00e1t prohnala fronta a\u00a0mnoz\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li o\u00a0\u017eivot, jin\u00ed z\u00a0domov\u016f prchli. Dnes se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed postupn\u011b vracej\u00ed. V\u00a0Batkovc\u00edch \u017eij\u00ed Srbov\u00e9 a\u00a0dva kilometry odtud v\u00a0obci za kopcem muslimov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"650\"   width=\"887\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/skola.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Slavica a\u00a0Mile s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edkem v\u00a0nov\u00e9 \u0161kole v\u00a0Batkovc\u00edch<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Krom\u011b dom\u016f jsme tady nic nevid\u011bli. Nezahl\u00e9dli jsme ani \u010dlov\u00ed\u010dka. Nebyl tu ani obchod, jen z\u00a0kom\u00edn\u016f stoupal kou\u0159 a\u00a0za chalup t\u00e1hla v\u016fn\u011b zab\u00edja\u010dek. Major n\u00e1m objasnil, \u017ee lid\u00e9 sice museli odevzdat zbran\u011b, ale stejn\u011b m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd doma kala\u0161nikova, a\u00a0kdy\u017e jim dojde maso, vyraz\u00ed do okoln\u00edch kopc\u016f, zast\u0159eli prase, kter\u00e1 tu voln\u011b pob\u00edhaj\u00ed, jak jsme mohli vid\u011bt, a\u00a0ud\u011blaj\u00ed zab\u00edja\u010dku. Krom\u011b toho p\u00e1l\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b rakiji a\u00a0jinak pr\u00fd jsou zalezl\u00ed a\u00a0ned\u011blaj\u00ed v\u016fbec nic.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Nem\u011bli tady ani \u0161kolu, a\u00a0tak i\u00a0mal\u00e9 d\u011bti musely v\u011bt\u0161inou doch\u00e1zet na vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed spoustu kilometr\u016f, proto\u017ee autobus sem zaj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl jen dvakr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b. V\u00a0muslimsk\u00e9 vsi za kopcem sice \u0161kola byla, ale tam by zdej\u0161\u00ed Srbov\u00e9 sv\u00e9 d\u011bti nedali. Tristn\u00ed situace se \u0161kolou se v\u0161ak m\u011bla brzy zm\u011bnit. Ostatn\u011b proto jsme sem p\u0159ijeli i\u00a0my.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Z\u00e1sluhu na tom, \u017ee zde v\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00e9m kr\u00e1mku vznikla jednot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed \u0161kola pro prv\u0148\u00e1ky a\u017e \u010dtvr\u0165\u00e1ky, je\u017e se dnes slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159e, m\u011bli hlavn\u011b srb\u0161t\u00ed man\u017eel\u00e9 Mile a\u00a0Slavica a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e skupina pro styk s\u00a0ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho kontingentu. Ta provozuje dva Cimic House, jejich\u017e \u00fakolem je za britsk\u00e9 pen\u00edze podporovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 aktivity, mal\u00e9 a\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury. Major vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee zdej\u0161\u00ed Srbov\u00e9 dodali objekt a\u00a0u\u010ditele, \u010de\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci pak \u0161kolu vybavili a\u00a0upravili. Obec podle n\u011bj nem\u00e1 v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Mile a\u00a0Slavica se t\u0159emi d\u011btmi emigrovali p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou do N\u011bmecka. Nyn\u00ed se vr\u00e1tili a\u00a0jako prvn\u00ed se postarali o\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161koly. Za \u010deskou pomoc jsou pr\u00fd vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed. Mile \u0159ekl, \u017ee v\u00e1lka byla politika, oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00ed nem\u011bli nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. \u201eKdy\u017e p\u0159ijedete z\u00a0m\u00edru do pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 doby, m\u00e1te z\u00a0toho chaos v\u00a0du\u0161i. T\u011b\u017eko se to popisuje. Lid\u00e9 jsou apati\u010dt\u00ed, jsou bez pr\u00e1ce, bez dom\u016f, ale douf\u00e1me, \u017ee se to zlep\u0161\u00ed. U\u017e te\u010f se d\u00edky v\u00e1m d\u011bje leccos pozitivn\u00edho. \u0160kola je za\u010d\u00e1tkem nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota,\u201c vyznal se. Slavica \u0159ekla, \u017ee je dob\u0159e, kdy\u017e se tu ob\u010das n\u011bkdo stav\u00ed a\u00a0vid\u00ed, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 jsou situaci.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na oslavu otev\u0159en\u00ed \u0161koly p\u0159inesla pak pan\u00ed Slavica l\u00e1hev rakiji a\u00a0t\u00e1c zab\u00edja\u010dkov\u00fdch dobrot. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ichni jedli a\u00a0pili, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel jsem, jestli m\u00e1 i\u00a0Mile doma kala\u0161nikova, b\u011bh\u00e1 s\u00a0n\u00edm po okoln\u00edch vr\u0161c\u00edch a\u00a0st\u0159\u00edl\u00ed neboh\u00e9 \u010dun\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na\u0161im dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem byl ten den Stari Majdan, kter\u00fd spad\u00e1 spr\u00e1vou tak\u00e9 do op\u0161tiny \u010dili okresu Sanski Most. \u017dij\u00ed tam muslimov\u00e9 a\u00a0obec vyhl\u00ed\u017eela v\u00fdrazn\u011b jinak ne\u017e srbsk\u00e9 Batkovci. Na hlavn\u00ed ulici lemovan\u00e9 \u0159adou obchod\u016f bylo dost \u017eivo. Muslim\u0161t\u00ed man\u017eel\u00e9 Fehim a\u00a0Sed\u017eida si tam postavili s\u00a0\u010deskou pomoc\u00ed u\u00a0sv\u00e9ho domu d\u00edlnu na v\u00fdrobu dek a\u00a0pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Major n\u00e1s informoval, \u017ee ji m\u011bli u\u017e p\u0159ed konfliktem, po v\u00e1lce ji obnovili, ale nyn\u00ed u\u017e p\u0159est\u00e1vala kapacitn\u011b sta\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Fehim a\u00a0Sed\u017eida uprchli p\u0159ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi hr\u016fzami do slovinsk\u00e9ho Mariboru, zalo\u017eili tam op\u011bt d\u00edlnu na deky a\u00a0pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159e, kterou te\u010f vede jejich ze\u0165 s\u00a0dcerou. Jejich d\u016fm v\u00a0Majdanu z\u016fstal jako z\u00e1zrakem st\u00e1t, a\u010d p\u0159i\u0161el o\u00a0okna a\u00a0p\u016fl roku byl bez elekt\u0159iny. Nyn\u00ed u\u017e vypadal velmi p\u011bkn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"662\"   width=\"976\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/fehim.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na\u0161e vojensko-novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fdprava na k\u00e1v\u011b u\u00a0Sed\u017eidy a\u00a0Fehima ve Starim Majdanu<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">\u201eM\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, ne politika. P\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou jsem ani nev\u011bd\u011bl, kdo je muslim, kdo pravoslavn\u00fd a\u00a0kdo katol\u00edk. Neb\u00fdt va\u0161ich voj\u00e1k\u016f, t\u011b\u017eko bychom v\u0161ak firmu znovu rozb\u011bhli,\u201c sv\u011b\u0159il se Fehim. \u201eVe Slovinsku jsem plakala a\u00a0cht\u011bla b\u00fdt pt\u00e1kem, abych se sem zalet\u011bla pod\u00edvat, jestli stoj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 d\u016fm. Byli jsme \u0161\u0165astni, \u017ee ho nezni\u010dili,\u201c p\u0159iznala Sed\u017eida, zat\u00edmco va\u0159ila arabskou k\u00e1vu. Sledoval jsem ji a\u00a0p\u0159ipadalo mi to jako alchymie. Potom n\u00e1m rozdala mr\u0148av\u00e9 \u0161\u00e1lky s\u00a0neskute\u010dn\u011b lahodn\u00fdm n\u00e1pojem<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">\u201eV\u00e1lka, mysl\u00edm, u\u017e nebude a\u00a0podnik\u00e1n\u00ed se rozb\u011bhne. Snad se do\u017eijeme i\u00a0toho, \u017ee se staneme zase svobodn\u00fdmi lidmi a\u00a0budeme jezdit voln\u011b do ciziny,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil u\u00a0k\u00e1vy Fehim. Major n\u00e1m prozradil, \u017ee man\u017eel\u00e9 byli ned\u00e1vno v\u00a0\u010cesku, aby si u\u00a0n\u00e1s dojednali dod\u00e1vky materi\u00e1lu pro v\u00fdrobu, a\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u010dera jim p\u0159ivezli prvn\u00ed z\u00e1silku. Fehim doufal, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky z\u00a0\u010ceska bez p\u0159ekupn\u00edk\u016f jejich zbo\u017e\u00ed zlevn\u00ed. Zat\u00edm dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen do Bosny a\u00a0cht\u011bj\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eet i\u00a0do Norska. Podle Fehima vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my a\u00a0s t\u00edmto jeho kr\u00e9dem jsme se s\u00a0man\u017eeli rozlou\u010dili.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">P\u0159i n\u00e1vratu na z\u00e1kladnu jsem vyj\u00e1d\u0159il m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee jsou muslimov\u00e9 daleko podnikav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Srbov\u00e9. Major to potvrdil, ostatn\u00ed ne\u0159\u00edkali nic a\u00a0j\u00e1 jsem se d\u00edval ze sl\u00eddov\u00e9ho ok\u00fdnka do zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 krajiny.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Na z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd den na\u0161\u00ed cesty jsme se p\u0159esunuli p\u0159es Otoku do z\u00e1kladny \u010desk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0Bosanske Krup\u011b na muslimsk\u00e9 stran\u011b od z\u00f3ny separace. Jak n\u00e1m prozradili velitel a\u00a0pyrotechnik zdej\u0161\u00ed \u017eenijn\u00ed \u010dety, pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0z\u00f3n\u011b separace je nach\u00e1z\u00ed nejv\u00edc min. Jejich po\u010det se odhadoval na deset milion\u016f v\u00a0p\u011bti tis\u00edc\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch minov\u00fdch pol\u00edch a\u00a0pr\u00fd se budou odstra\u0148ovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b sto let, co\u017e n\u00e1m p\u0159ipadalo neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed \u017eenist\u00e9 n\u00e1s sezn\u00e1mili s\u00a0des\u00edtkami typ\u016f min, klasick\u00fd i\u00a0dom\u00e1cky vyroben\u00fdch, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0gran\u00e1ty a\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010f\u00e1belsky d\u016fmysln\u00fdmi n\u00e1stra\u017en\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my. Tak t\u0159eba mina zvan\u00e1 \u201eananas\u201c je upevn\u011bna na kol\u00edku zara\u017een\u00e9m v\u00a0zemi. Odstran\u00ed-li pyrotechnik jej\u00ed rozn\u011bcova\u010d a\u00a0odpoj\u00ed sedm dr\u00e1t\u016f vedouc\u00edch od n\u00ed coby n\u00e1strahy, hotovo je\u0161t\u011b nem\u00e1. Kol\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u00a0\u0161pi\u010dky provrt\u00e1n a\u00a0d\u00edrou provle\u010den dr\u00e1t vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0rozn\u011btce gran\u00e1tu zakopan\u00e9ho v\u00a0zemi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pr\u00fd st\u00e1le hroz\u00ed i\u00a0mimo minov\u00e1 pole. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Starim Majdanu, kde jsme byli v\u010dera, mina p\u0159ed t\u00fddnem roztrhala m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatele. Okol\u00ed spousty dom\u016f v\u00a0zemi jejich obyvatel\u00e9 zaminovali, potom t\u0159eba museli ut\u00e9ct, pak se nevr\u00e1tili a\u00a0nikdo tedy nev\u00ed, kde se miny nach\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">P\u0159itom v\u011bt\u0161inu min nelze odhalit minohleda\u010dkou, nebo\u0165 miny jsou plastov\u00e9. Za v\u00e1lky p\u0159eorientovali na v\u00fdrobu min dokonce v\u00fdrobn\u00ed program tov\u00e1rny na plastov\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed pom\u016fcky. M\u00edsto injek\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek a\u00a0hadi\u010dek ke kapa\u010dk\u00e1m na infuzi tam produkovali miny zvan\u00e9 cihly, z\u00a0nich\u017e semtex p\u0159i iniciaci vyst\u0159el\u00ed v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u011b do okol\u00ed \u0161est stovek ocelov\u00fdch kuli\u010dek.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Min\u00e9\u0159i tady nyn\u00ed pracuj\u00ed tak, \u017ee bodaj\u00ed do zem\u011b minobodci ve vzd\u00e1lenosti dvou centimetr\u016f od sebe a\u00a0je jen na jejich zku\u0161enosti, zda poznaj\u00ed, \u017ee narazili na minu nebo jen na k\u00e1men \u010di na kus kovu. To ale vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, zat\u00edmco \u017eenist\u00e9 SFOR, tedy i\u00a0na\u0161i, jejich \u010dinnost monitoruj\u00ed. Ur\u010duj\u00ed tak\u00e9, zda byl den efektivn\u00ed nebo nikoli, nebo\u0165 jen za dny efektivn\u00ed jsou min\u00e9\u0159i placeni.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Bl\u00ed\u017eil se konec na\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy. Skoro jsme u\u017e nastupovali do auta, kdy\u017e k\u00a0vjezdu do z\u00e1kladny p\u0159ib\u011bhl asi desetilet\u00fd chlapec, \u017ee v\u00a0potoce pod mostkem le\u017e\u00ed gran\u00e1t. Pyrotechnici se ho vydali zlikvidovat, ale uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee \u0161lo pouze o\u00a0plastov\u00fd obal od Coca-coly ve tvaru gran\u00e1tu. Vtipn\u00e9 n\u00e1m to v\u00a0t\u00e9 chv\u00edli nep\u0159ipadalo. Zat\u00edmco ale voj\u00e1ci zne\u0161kod\u0148ovali domn\u011bl\u00fd gran\u00e1t, dozv\u011bd\u011bl jsem se od toho kluka, \u017ee zn\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd zabil jeho babi\u010dku. T\u011b\u0161\u00ed se pr\u00fd, \u017ee se mu pomst\u00ed, a\u017e vyroste\u2026<\/p>\n<p><img height=\"646\"   width=\"951\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/pokaceny.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: kvaj<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Pok\u00e1cen\u00fdch minaret\u016f jsme cestou vid\u011bli \u0159adu<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Potom u\u017e jsme se vydali na zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cestu. P\u0159es m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 se ze srbsk\u00e9 strany jmenovalo Novi Grad a\u00a0z muslimsk\u00e9 Bosanski Novi, co\u017e byla posledn\u00ed polarita, na n\u00ed\u017e jsme v\u00a0Bosn\u011b narazili, jsme vjeli do Chorvatska a\u00a0odtud dom\u016f. Za sebou jsme nechali obraz Bosny a\u00a0Hercegoviny t\u0159i roky po v\u00e1lce, kter\u00fd jsme m\u011bli mo\u017enost na okam\u017eik zhl\u00e9dnout.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Jak\u00fd byl? Tis\u00edce ruin dom\u016f, cel\u00e9 oblasti pust\u00fdch, vylidn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a0zni\u010den\u00fdch vesnic, deset milion\u016f min v\u00a0zemi, st\u00e1le nov\u011b odkr\u00fdvan\u00e9 hromadn\u00e9 hroby umu\u010den\u00fdch a\u00a0zabit\u00fdch lid\u00ed, b\u00edda, v\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161edes\u00e1tiprocentn\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou stoprocentn\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost, \u00fanava z\u00a0v\u00e1lky i\u00a0\u00fatrap, zmatek\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">V\u00e1lka p\u0159ipravila mnoh\u00e9 o\u00a0\u017eivoty a\u00a0lidi, co p\u0159e\u017eili, zase o\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9. Tis\u00edce jich vyhnala z\u00a0domov\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly rozst\u0159\u00edleny, ale \u010dast\u011bji vyhozeny do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0v\u0161echny tot\u00e1ln\u011b vyrabov\u00e1ny. V\u00e1lka rozvr\u00e1tila hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, dopravu, ve\u0159ejnou spr\u00e1vu i\u00a0z\u00e1kony t\u00e9to n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 zem\u011b. V\u00a0du\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed jen upevnila nen\u00e1vist i\u00a0touhu po pomst\u011b na t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zabili jejich p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a\u00a0n\u011bkdy vyvra\u017edili i\u00a0cel\u00e9 rodiny.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Nyn\u00ed je Bosna a\u00a0Hercegovina de facto konfederativn\u00ed republika, m\u00e1 dvoukomorov\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fd sbor a\u00a0t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00e9 p\u0159edsednictvo slo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0jednoho \u010dlena z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch etnick\u00fdch skupin. Moc centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy je v\u0161ak zna\u010dn\u011b omezen\u00e1, proto\u017ee zem\u011b je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry decentralizovan\u00e1. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze dvou autonomn\u00edch celk\u016f\u00a0\u2013 Federace Bosny a\u00a0Hercegoviny a\u00a0Republiky srbsk\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0t\u0159et\u00edho celku, distriktu Br\u010dko, kter\u00fd je \u0159\u00edzen vlastn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vou. Bosna a\u00a0Hercegovina je kandid\u00e1tskou zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie a\u00a0tak\u00e9 kandid\u00e1tem na \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0Severoatlantick\u00e9 alianci.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">V\u00e1lka v\u00a0nov\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 Bosn\u011b a\u00a0Hercegovin\u011b byla etnicko-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1. Tenkr\u00e1t jsme jen m\u00e1lo tu\u0161ili, co to znamen\u00e1 a\u00a0pro\u010d se na konci dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b kv\u016fli n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti a\u00a0v\u00ed\u0159e mezi sebou zab\u00edjej\u00ed lid\u00e9, co spolu dosud \u017eili v\u00a0m\u00edru. Ptali jsme se, kde se vzaly ty nesmi\u0159iteln\u00e9 animozity mezi nimi? Uplynulo v\u00edc ne\u017e t\u0159icet let a\u00a0najednou v\u011bci, kter\u00fdm jsme tehdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nerozum\u011bli, ch\u00e1peme docela dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cy\">Sv\u011bt kolem n\u00e1s se zm\u011bnil, a\u00a0p\u0159esto\u017ee my \u017eijeme st\u00e1le v\u00a0m\u00edru a\u00a0lze \u0159\u00edct i\u00a0v blahobytu, n\u00e1hle v\u00edme, co znamen\u00e1 nen\u00e1vist k\u00a0jin\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu nebo k\u00a0jin\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, a\u00a0nav\u00edc u\u017e p\u00e1t\u00fdm rokem zu\u0159\u00ed nedaleko n\u00e1s nov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b, kterou agresivn\u011b napadlo Rusko v\u00a0z\u00e1jmu sv\u00fdch velmocensk\u00fdch ambic\u00ed. Nov\u011b se op\u011bt v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0Ir\u00e1nu, proti kter\u00e9mu stoj\u00ed USA a\u00a0Izrael a\u00a0Izrael st\u00e1le bojuje pro teroristick\u00fdm organizac\u00edm Ham\u00e1s a\u00a0Hizball\u00e1h.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Byla to prvn\u00ed mise NATO, kter\u00e9 se na\u0161e arm\u00e1da \u00fa\u010dastnila, jej\u00edm mand\u00e1tem bylo silou prosadit m\u00edr ve v\u00e1lkou&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":68540,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[1141,54,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-68539","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-reportaz","9":"tag-svet","10":"tag-world","11":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116479065065176530","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68539\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68540"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}