![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/samosel.jpeg\")
Foto: Scott\/Wikimedia Commons\/Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0<\/p>\nDne 26.\u00a0dubna 1986\u00a0ot\u0159\u00e1sla sv\u011btem hav\u00e1rie jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny \u010cernobyl. <\/p>\n
S\u00e9rie fat\u00e1ln\u00edch chyb vedla k\u00a0mohutn\u00e9 explozi, kter\u00e1 naplnila vzduch radioaktivn\u00edm spadem a\u00a0b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch p\u00e1r t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ipravila o\u00a0\u017eivot des\u00edtky a\u017e stovky osob. Po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch rozpac\u00edch a\u00a0a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9m rozva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nechala sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da evakuovat asi 350\u00a0tis\u00edc obyvatel z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Pripja\u0165, m\u011bst a\u00a0vesnic na severn\u00edm ukrajinsk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed B\u011bloruska, kter\u00e9 bylo paradoxn\u011b spadem zasa\u017eeno nejv\u00edce. Pro obyvatele Pripjati bylo na zelen\u00e9 louce postaveno nov\u00e9 m\u011bsto Slavuty\u010d (financovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 provozovala \u010dernobylskou elektr\u00e1rnu), zbytek byl p\u0159es\u00eddlen do odlehlej\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ukrajiny, B\u011bloruska a\u00a0Ruska. <\/p>\n
Evakuaci prov\u00e1zely velk\u00e9 emoce, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b vyost\u0159ovalo ml\u017een\u00ed ze strany \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. Lidem bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee v\u00a0elektr\u00e1rn\u011b do\u0161lo k\u00a0nehod\u011b, kter\u00e1 je pln\u011b pod kontrolou, \u017ee je evakuace pouze do\u010dasn\u00e1 a\u00a0\u017ee potrv\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u00e1r dn\u00ed. \u00da\u0159ady p\u0159itom u\u017e tehdy v\u011bd\u011bly, \u017ee vys\u00eddlenci u\u017e se dom\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. Evakuovan\u00ed dostali jen p\u00e1r hodin na to, aby si sbalili nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zavazadla, a\u00a0rozlou\u010dili se se v\u0161\u00edm, co muselo z\u016fstat na m\u00edst\u011b – v\u010detn\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00edch mazl\u00ed\u010dk\u016f a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, na kter\u00e1 nezb\u00fdval \u010das ani prostor v\u00a0autobusech. Jejich majitel\u00e9 netu\u0161ili, \u017ee kv\u016fli obav\u011b z\u00a0kontaminace u\u017e se na n\u011b chyst\u00e1 poprav\u010d\u00ed \u010deta v\u00a0podob\u011b sov\u011btsk\u00fdch jednotek s\u00a0kala\u0161nikovy. O\u00a0radiaci, skute\u010dn\u00e9m rozsahu hav\u00e1rie nebo mo\u017en\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch se lid\u00e9 nedozv\u011bd\u011bli v\u016fbec nic. <\/p>\n
Vojensky p\u0159esnou organizaci evakuace naru\u0161ovali lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtali odej\u00edt. V\u00a0Pripjati, kterou v\u00fdbuch zas\u00e1hl na vzd\u00e1lenost t\u0159\u00ed kilometr\u016f, v\u00a0podstat\u011b nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u016fstat – cel\u00e1 oblast byla uzav\u0159ena polici\u00ed a\u00a0arm\u00e1dou, kter\u00e1 \u201ene\u201c nebrala jako odpov\u011b\u010f, m\u011bsto bylo zape\u010det\u011bno a\u00a0pe\u010dliv\u011b hl\u00edd\u00e1no. V\u00a0okruhu t\u0159iceti kilometr\u016f od elektr\u00e1rny byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 z\u00f3na. Proti vys\u00eddlen\u00ed z\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti se bou\u0159ili zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed vesni\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli se sv\u00fdmi domovy obvykle mnohem v\u00edce spjati ne\u017e lid\u00e9 z\u00a0m\u011bst, a\u00a0kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0tak\u00e9 podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b v\u011b\u0159ili tvrzen\u00edm o\u00a0brzk\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu dom\u016f. Voj\u00e1ci se je k\u00a0odchodu sna\u017eili p\u0159im\u011bt v\u0161emi mo\u017en\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky – opakovan\u011b na n\u011b nal\u00e9hali, nech\u00e1vali je se vzd\u00e1lit a\u00a0pak jim zabr\u00e1nili v\u00a0n\u00e1vratu, od\u0159\u00edzli je od elekt\u0159iny, vody a\u00a0dod\u00e1vky potravin. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich sice povolila, nakonec se ale v\u00a0prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch po evakuaci do zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00f3ny neleg\u00e1ln\u011b vr\u00e1tilo asi 1200\u00a0osob. <\/p>\n
Vzduch v\u00a0z\u00f3n\u011b je pr\u00fd zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jinde<\/p>\n
Navr\u00e1tilce neodradila ani varov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jim barvit\u011b vyl\u00ed\u010dili rizika spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0radiac\u00ed, ani v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eky ze strany sov\u011btsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. Mohli bychom je pova\u017eovat za bl\u00e1zny, ve skute\u010dnosti byla ale jejich logika velmi st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili Stalinem na\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd hladomor, p\u0159e\u017eili hr\u016fzy druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky i\u00a0\u0161ikanu vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed garnitury zkr\u00e1tka na star\u00e1 kolena odm\u00edtali opustit sv\u00e9 domovy kv\u016fli nep\u0159\u00edteli, kter\u00fd ani nebyl vid\u011bt. <\/p>\n
Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u00a0oblasti znovu usadili navzdory ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, se v\u017eilo ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201esamosely\u201c – samousedl\u00edci. Do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne jich zde p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 asi stovka. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz se s\u00a0jejich existenc\u00ed postupn\u011b sm\u00ed\u0159il a\u00a0tak\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost ml\u010dky toleruj\u00ed. Tato hrstka tvrdohlav\u00fdch senior\u016f vede v\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b prost\u00fd \u017eivot mimo syst\u00e9m, nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0drsn\u00fd jako Ukrajina sama. \u017dij\u00ed od\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed od modern\u00ed infrastruktury, daleko od \u017eiv\u00fdch komunit, pevn\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bni v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla u\u017e p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159iceti lety prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za neobyvatelnou. P\u011bstuj\u00ed zde zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 plodiny, chovaj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata na maso, ml\u00e9ko a\u00a0vlnu, sb\u00edraj\u00ed houby a\u00a0lesn\u00ed plody a\u00a0sb\u00edraj\u00ed d\u0159evo na otop. Samousedlick\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota se tak v\u00edce ne\u017e postapokalyptick\u00e9 vizi, kterou zn\u00e1me z\u00a0v\u011bdecko-fantastick\u00fdch film\u016f, bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edmu vesnick\u00e9mu \u017eivotu na sklonku p\u0159edminul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. <\/p>\n
A\u010dkoliv lze v\u00a0oblasti st\u00e1le nam\u011b\u0159it zv\u00fd\u0161enou radiaci, jej\u00ed hodnota u\u017e pochopiteln\u011b d\u00e1vno nen\u00ed tak vysok\u00e1 jako t\u011bsn\u011b po hav\u00e1rii. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed rizika plynou z\u00a0konzumace lok\u00e1ln\u00edch potravin – maso a\u00a0houby, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st zdej\u0161\u00edho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku, k\u00a0sob\u011b v\u00e1\u017eou radionuklidy, m\u00edstn\u00ed ale v\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakta neberou tak v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, jako osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enost. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich je velmi pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho v\u011bku, co\u017e si r\u00e1di vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed jako d\u016fkaz, \u017ee vzduch je zde \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jinde. <\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou samousedl\u00edci \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00ed, bez pomoci zvn\u011bj\u0161ka se u\u017e dnes neobejdou. N\u011bkter\u00e9 suroviny (jako nap\u0159. s\u016fl) nejsou schopni si vyp\u011bstovat sami a\u00a0jsou jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny v\u00a0bal\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch st\u00e1tem organizovan\u00e9 pomoci, pro provoz automobil\u016f a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed palivo, kter\u00e9 jim v\u00a0kanystrech dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edci. Rok od roku tak\u00e9 \u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pomoci zdravotn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed do oblasti doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed s\u00a0mobiln\u00ed nemocnic\u00ed. I\u00a0p\u0159es p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bk a\u00a0ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed samousedl\u00edci sv\u016fj \u017eivot jako dokonale \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edchod okupant\u016f otev\u0159el star\u00e9 r\u00e1ny<\/p>\n
Pro cizince je zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 z\u00f3na \u010cernobylu n\u011bco jako \u010dasov\u00e1 kapsle sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry, zmrazen\u00e1 onoho osudn\u00e9ho dne roku 1986, kdy jadern\u00fd reaktor \u010d. 4\u00a0vybouchl a\u00a0vychrlil do nebe mraky radioaktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. Pro m\u00edstn\u00ed je to ale domov pln\u00fd harmonie, splynut\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodou a\u00a0klidu. <\/p>\n
R\u00e1no 24.\u00a0\u00fanora 2022\u00a0se v\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b objevil vet\u0159elec, kter\u00fd tuto k\u0159ehkou idylu naru\u0161il. Toho dne zah\u00e1jilo Rusko bezprecedentn\u00ed \u00fatok na Ukrajinu a\u00a0jednotky postupuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0B\u011bloruska obsadily zak\u00e1zanou z\u00f3nu jako jednu z\u00a0prvn\u00edch. \u010cernobyl le\u017e\u00ed asi 130\u00a0kilometr\u016f od Kyjeva a\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 z\u00f3na p\u0159\u00edmo soused\u00ed s\u00a0B\u011bloruskem, spojencem Ruska, kter\u00fd povolil na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed vojenskou v\u00fdstavbu. Silnice spojuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010cernobyl a\u00a0Kyjev je dosud ve velmi dobr\u00e9m stavu, pro okupanty byla proto z\u00f3na strategicky v\u00fdhodn\u00fdm m\u00edstem p\u0159i pl\u00e1novan\u00e9m z\u00e1tahu na Kyjev. <\/p>\n
N\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f byla oblast pod vojenskou kontrolou, ne\u017e se na za\u010d\u00e1tku dubna rusk\u00e9 s\u00edly zase st\u00e1hly. Zanechaly za sebou spou\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0zv\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd prach radiace, kter\u00fd se zvedl p\u0159i kop\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kop\u016f a\u00a0pohybem t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky. Samousedl\u00edci se r\u00e1zem ocitli v\u00a0centru naprost\u00e9ho chaosu. Byli od\u0159\u00edznuti od pomoci zven\u010d\u00ed, od dod\u00e1vek paliva, potravin i\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de a\u00a0nav\u00edc se k\u00a0nim nedostaly prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace o\u00a0tom, co se d\u011bje. Mnoh\u00fdm z\u00a0nich se znovu o\u017eivila traumata a\u00a0nejistoty, kter\u00e9 naposledy za\u017eili v\u00a0roce 1986.\u00a0Tanky a\u00a0zbran\u011b byli pro samousedl\u00edky mnohem d\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e1koliv radiace.<\/p>\n
Po\u010det samousedl\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 oblasti rok od roku kles\u00e1. Jakmile zem\u0159e posledn\u00ed z\u00a0nich, tato kapitola d\u011bjin se nadobro uzav\u0159e. Oblast bude zape\u010det\u011bna a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu civilistovi u\u017e nebude umo\u017en\u011bn pobyt. Turist\u016fm, kter\u00fdch po masivn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchu seri\u00e1lu \u010cernobyl (2019) do zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00f3ny ro\u010dn\u011b dorazilo i\u00a0100\u00a0tis\u00edc, byl po za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky znemo\u017en\u011bn p\u0159\u00edstup. I\u00a0te\u010f ale do odstaven\u00e9 \u010dernobylsk\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed denn\u011b asi 600\u00a0lid\u00ed, aby tam pokra\u010dovali v\u00a0\u00faklidu, kter\u00fd trv\u00e1 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b u\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let. Podle nejskromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f potrv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u011b jednou tolik. <\/p>\n
To ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b nebude \u017eivo. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee zdej\u0161\u00ed flo\u0159e a\u00a0faun\u011b se po odchodu \u010dlov\u011bka mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b da\u0159\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Foto: Scott\/Wikimedia Commons\/Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0<\/p>\n
Samousedl\u00edci v\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b (2007)<\/p>\n
Baraniuk, Chris: \u201eSurviving in a\u00a0poisoned land: Chernobyl’s wildlife is different, but not in the ways you might think\u201c (26.4.2026). The Guardian. \u010cteno 28.4.2026<\/p>\n
Ostrovsky, Simon: \u201eInside Chernobyl\u2019s shadow community: what a\u00a0nuclear disaster looks like 40\u00a0years on\u201c (24.4.2026). nationalgeographic.com. \u010cteno 27.4.2026<\/p>\n
\u201eFourty-three years after meltdown in Chernobyl, social and economic resilience help drive recovery\u201c. globalresilience.northeastern.edu. \u010cteno 27.4.2026<\/p>\n
\u201eSamosely: People in the Zone\u201c. chernobyl.one. \u010cteno 27.4.2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dne 26.\u00a0dubna 1986\u00a0ot\u0159\u00e1sla sv\u011btem hav\u00e1rie jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny \u010cernobyl. S\u00e9rie fat\u00e1ln\u00edch chyb vedla k\u00a0mohutn\u00e9 explozi, kter\u00e1 naplnila vzduch radioaktivn\u00edm…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69108,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[10291,441,650,649,54,56,53,52,437],"class_list":{"0":"post-69107","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-cernobyl","9":"tag-historie","10":"tag-lide","11":"tag-spolecnost","12":"tag-svet","13":"tag-valka-rusko-ukrajina","14":"tag-world","15":"tag-world-news","16":"tag-zajimavosti"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116482305375956542","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69107\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}