{"id":69217,"date":"2026-04-28T13:51:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T13:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/69217\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T13:51:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T13:51:07","slug":"vedci-muzi-zenam-neprinaseji-uzitek-at-je-vice-samozivitelek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/69217\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci: Mu\u017ei \u017een\u00e1m nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed u\u017eitek. A\u0165 je v\u00edce samo\u017eivitelek"},"content":{"rendered":"


\n\tV\u00fdzkumn\u00edci Mads Larsen, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair a Maryanne L. Fisherov\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je v podstat\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed fenom\u00e9n cel\u00e9ho vysp\u011bl\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Prvn\u00ed dva jsou v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci na Norsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b pro v\u011bdu a technologie, Maryanne L. Fisher pak p\u016fsob\u00ed na univerzit\u011b St. Mary\u2019s v kanadsk\u00e9m Halifaxu. Jejich studie vy\u0161la u Cambridge University Press.<\/a><\/p>\n


\n\tAuto\u0159i konstatuj\u00ed, \u017ee jin\u00ed v\u011bdci hledaj\u00ed ko\u0159eny tohoto fenom\u00e9nu v\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch n\u00e1kladech, ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch hodnot, instituc\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0rozlo\u017een\u00edm pracovn\u00edho a rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota a zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v\u00a0rol\u00edch pohlav\u00ed. A \u017ee se tolik nezam\u011b\u0159ovali na psychologick\u00e9 d\u016fvody a na vztahov\u00fd trh. A tak\u00e9 \u017ee zat\u00edm nena\u0161li \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed politick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n


\n\tN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee bychom se tomuto kolapsu m\u011bli p\u0159izp\u016fsobit a soust\u0159edit se na napln\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivota t\u011bch, kdo z\u016fstanou, zat\u00edmco jeden autor m\u00edn\u00ed, \u017ee bychom se m\u011bli p\u0159ipravit na n\u00e1stup budoucnosti kyborg\u016f (technologicky vylep\u0161en\u00fdch lid\u00ed \u2013 pozn. red.).<\/p>\n


\n\tExisten\u010dn\u00ed hrozba vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n


\n\tAuto\u0159i t\u00e9to studie tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee toto akademick\u00e9 t\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vede k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed tuto existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozbu ignoruje nebo nerozum\u00ed tomu, co k\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9 porodnosti vede. Dal\u0161\u00ed zkou\u0161ej\u00ed pronatalistick\u00e9 politiky, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 transfery pro rodiny nebo naopak omezuj\u00ed \u201ereproduk\u010dn\u00ed svobodu \u017een\u201c. Dle studi\u00ed bez \u00fasp\u011bchu. \u201eNorsko z\u0159\u00eddilo V\u00fdbor pro porodnost, av\u0161ak jeho n\u00e1vrhy a post\u0159ehy k diskusi o tom, jak pochopit a vy\u0159e\u0161it krizi porodnosti, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159isp\u011bly,\u201c poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed auto\u0159i ve sv\u00e9 studii.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Anketa<\/p>\n

Chcete, aby se EU zm\u011bnila ve Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty evropsk\u00e9, jak si p\u0159eje Petr Pavel?<\/p>\n

hlasovalo: 3326 lid\u00ed<\/p>\n

Podle nich je hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod toho, \u017ee porodnost kles\u00e1, fakt, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce sami a odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed vztahy. Odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed se na dal\u0161\u00ed studii, podle kter\u00e9 je hlavn\u00ed faktor porodnosti \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd ve vztahu\/man\u017eelstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n


\n\t\u201eNen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee kdy\u017e se m\u00e9n\u011b \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f p\u00e1ruje, je i m\u00e9n\u011b p\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed d\u011bti. U norsk\u00fdch \u017een ve v\u011bku 20\u201334 let se pod\u00edl t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 ne\u017eij\u00ed ve spole\u010dn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, mezi lety 1977 a 2022 zdvojn\u00e1sobil \u2013 z 23 % na 46 %. Podobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst lze pozorovat v zem\u00edch s n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento trend je\u0161t\u011b nedos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho vrcholu; podle jednoho odhadu bude v roce 2030 45 % americk\u00fdch \u017een ve v\u011bku 25\u201344 let svobodn\u00fdch,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed. I dal\u0161\u00ed studie pak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0dob\u00e1ch, kdy se mu\u017ei a \u017eeny d\u00e1vali v\u00edce dohromady, tak porodnost rostla.<\/p>\n


\n\tAuto\u0159i p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed dov\u011btek, \u017ee faktor\u016f je v\u00edce, nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00fd pokles porodnosti v\u00a0Norsku byl pr\u00fd zp\u016fsoben poklesem porodnosti ve vztaz\u00edch, zat\u00edmco za poklesem v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii stoj\u00ed vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed osam\u011blost. \u201eNavzdory v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm kontextov\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl svobodn\u00fdch osob jednozna\u010dn\u011b spojen s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed porodnost\u00ed,\u201c konstatuj\u00ed auto\u0159i.<\/p>\n


\n\tCo naopak podle nich nezp\u016fsobuje n\u00edzkou porodnost, je odpor k tomu m\u00edt d\u011bti. \u201ePouze 3 % evropsk\u00fdch \u017een ve v\u011bku 18\u201340 let pova\u017euje nulov\u00fd po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed za ide\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost rodiny. V Norsku \u017eeny v pr\u016fm\u011bru uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee by si p\u0159\u00e1ly 2,4 d\u00edt\u011bte, ale maj\u00ed jich pouze 1,4. Takov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi po\u017eadovan\u00fdm a skute\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtem d\u011bt\u00ed jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v zem\u00edch s n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za ide\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost rodiny 2,7 d\u00edt\u011bte, ale jejich porodnost je 1,6. Testa zjistil, \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 \u017eeny si v pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ej\u00ed 2,2 d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u201aabsence vhodn\u00e9ho partnera\u2018 je nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d nedosahuj\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 porodnosti,\u201c argumentuj\u00ed. \u201eKdy\u017e se \u017een\u00e1m ve dvaceti letech neda\u0159\u00ed naj\u00edt si dlouhodob\u00e9ho partnera, zkracuje se jim reproduk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed a mnoho z nich nakonec z\u016fstane bezd\u011btn\u00fdch,\u201c p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br dal\u0161\u00ed studie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tFotogalerie: – Pochod pro \u017eivot<\/p>\n


\n\tCo s\u00a0t\u00edm?<\/p>\n


\n\tVyvozuj\u00ed z\u00a0toho z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed st\u00e1ty zv\u00fd\u0161it porodnost, mus\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161it procento t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se daj\u00ed dohromady. Jen\u017ee to m\u00e1 podle nich h\u00e1\u010dek. \u201eOdborn\u00edci si bohu\u017eel nejsou jisti ani psychologick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami oslaben\u00ed partnersk\u00fdch vazeb. Mezi faktory, kter\u00e9 podle nich vysv\u011btluj\u00ed \u00fapadek vztah\u016f, pat\u0159\u00ed seznamovac\u00ed aplikace, politick\u00e1 polarizace, preference svobodn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, individualismus, materialismus, probl\u00e9my s navazov\u00e1n\u00edm vztah\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, ekonomick\u00e1 nerovnost a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti flirtovat,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n


\n\tJen\u017ee dle jejich tvrzen\u00ed je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina hlub\u0161\u00ed, vyv\u011br\u00e1 z\u00a0m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch strategi\u00ed. \u201eNa z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto v\u00fdzkum\u016f tvrd\u00edme, \u017ee prost\u0159ed\u00ed modern\u00edho sv\u011bta, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duje mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm zdroj\u016f a rovnost\u00ed pohlav\u00ed, vyvolalo jev, kter\u00fd naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u201aposunem rovnov\u00e1hy v\u00a0p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed\u2018 \u2013 co\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina dne\u0161n\u00edho \u00fabytku pevn\u00fdch partnersk\u00fdch vazeb a klesaj\u00edc\u00ed porodnosti v mnoha zem\u00edch. Svoboda \u017een a materi\u00e1ln\u00ed prosperita z\u0159ejm\u011b motivuj\u00ed \u017eeny k tomu, aby kladly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 strategie (p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bez z\u00e1vazk\u016f), ale z hlediska reprodukce jsou tyto strategie kv\u016fli antikoncepci ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Spole\u010dnosti s n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed tak vstoupily do toho, co naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u201apast\u00ed plodnosti po rozpadu p\u00e1rov\u00fdch vazeb\u2018, v n\u00ed\u017e se tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo stabiln\u00edch p\u00e1r\u016f v\u010das a na dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouhou dobu, aby udr\u017eely porodnost na \u00farovni reprodukce. Tato past je d\u016fsledkem \u201aparadoxu plodnosti zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na volb\u011b \u017een\u2018: kdy\u017e se svobodn\u00e1 volba partnera u \u017een spoj\u00ed s ekonomickou nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinnou antikoncepc\u00ed, systematicky up\u0159ednost\u0148uje strategie p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u00e1rov\u00e9 vazby a t\u00edm i skute\u010dnou plodnost,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i studie.<\/p>\n


\n\t\u010c\u00edm svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eeny, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed<\/p>\n


\n\tA argumentuj\u00ed d\u00e1le, \u017ee nejen svoboda ve v\u00fdb\u011bru partnera, ale tak\u00e9 pos\u00edlen\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een na pracovn\u00edm trhu sn\u00ed\u017eily u\u017eite\u010dnost mu\u017e\u016f pro \u017eeny, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee \u017eeny omezuj\u00ed okruh mu\u017e\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch jsou ochotny p\u0159ijmout partnera. Odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed se na dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy, dle kter\u00fdch p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti \u017een na zdroj\u00edch, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed mu\u017ei, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sp\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n


\n\t\u201eSvoboda \u017een p\u0159inesla spole\u010dnostem i ob\u011bma pohlav\u00edm v mnoha ohledech obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ale odborn\u00edci se \u010dasto zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat jej\u00ed souvislost s extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed antifeministick\u00e9 reakce, co\u017e je obava, kter\u00e1 mohla p\u0159isp\u011bt k vyh\u00fdbav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed strategii mezi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky v oblasti porodnosti. Jejich neochota n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b b\u00edt na poplach a zab\u00fdvat se i politicky nepohodln\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami krize porodnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou, ale v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu by to mohlo podkopat svobodu \u017een,\u201c varuj\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee korelace mezi rovnost\u00ed \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f a n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed je velice siln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tFotogalerie: – N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pochod pro \u017eivot<\/p>\n


\n\tA \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/p>\n


\n\t\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci navrhuj\u00ed, je ov\u0161em kuri\u00f3zn\u00ed. Podle nich se m\u00e1 reprodukce v\u00edce individualizovat. \u201ePokud se n\u00e1m pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nepoda\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it m\u00edru uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed partnersk\u00fdch svazk\u016f, m\u011bli by politici zv\u00e1\u017eit jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak \u017een\u00e1m pomoci m\u00edt tolik d\u011bt\u00ed, kolik si samy p\u0159ej\u00ed. To by znamenalo poskytnout \u017een\u00e1m prost\u0159edky nezbytn\u00e9 k tomu, aby dosp\u011bly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee m\u00edt d\u011bti i bez partnera je lep\u0161\u00ed volbou ne\u017e z\u016fstat bezd\u011btn\u00e1,\u201c \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed. V praxi to znamen\u00e1 dotovat a t\u00edm tvo\u0159it v\u00edce matek samo\u017eivitelek.<\/p>\n


\n\tAuto\u0159i uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee to je zat\u00edm jak fisk\u00e1ln\u011b, tak politicky nepr\u016fchodn\u00e9, ale stejn\u011b by pr\u00fd m\u011bly prob\u011bhnout experimenty, jak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 zdroje jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b motivuj\u00edc\u00ed pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed reprodukci. \u201eTakov\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed transfery by v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017eily u\u017eitek, kter\u00fd mu\u017ei \u017een\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, a t\u00edm i partnerskou hodnotu n\u011bkter\u00fdch skupin mu\u017e\u016f, co\u017e by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce prohloubilo marginalizaci mu\u017e\u016f. Existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky krize porodnosti by v\u0161ak mohly takov\u00e1 drastick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ospravedlnit,\u201c argumentuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n


\n\tA jako \u00fat\u011bchu uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee ve \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech by m\u011bla b\u00fdt dostupn\u00e1 technologie um\u011bl\u00fdch d\u011bloh, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla umo\u017enit \u201ev\u011bt\u0161\u00ed reproduk\u010dn\u00ed rovnost mezi pohlav\u00edmi\u201c.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Psali jsme:<\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/politics-and-the-life-sciences\/article\/toward-individualistic-reproduction-solving-the-fertility-crisis-could-require-a-further-marginalization-of-men\/F26A4750B666344157278B72CFC5D223<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci Mads Larsen, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair a Maryanne L. Fisherov\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00edzkou porodnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69218,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,444,9132,27,3065,4334,23119,77],"class_list":{"0":"post-69217","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-ceska-republika","9":"tag-cesko","10":"tag-czech-republic","11":"tag-czechia","12":"tag-deti","13":"tag-feminismus","14":"tag-kanada","15":"tag-norsko","16":"tag-porodnost","17":"tag-reprodukcni-prava","18":"tag-veda"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116482663016399129","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69217\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}