Evropsk\u00e1 unie chce vr\u00e1tit v\u00fdrobu dom\u016f. \u010c\u00edna to pova\u017euje za \u00fatok na vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. A tak se z technick\u00fdch pravidel o tom, kolik procent elektromobilu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyrobeno v Evrop\u011b, st\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed kapitola glob\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u0159etu o to, kdo bude ur\u010dovat pravidla hry. Tentokr\u00e1t jde o v\u00edc ne\u017e cla \u2013 jde o to, zda m\u00e1 Evropa v\u016fbec pr\u00e1vo \u0159\u00eddit vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslovou budoucnost.<\/p>\n
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V centru sporu stoj\u00ed Industrial Acceleration Act, legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh Evropsk\u00e9 komise, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pos\u00edlit v\u00fdrobu v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch zelen\u00e9 transformace. Brusel si to p\u0159edstavuje jednodu\u0161e: kdo chce \u010derpat evropsk\u00e9 dotace nebo usp\u011bt ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zak\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, mus\u00ed splnit minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pod\u00edl d\u00edl\u016f evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. U elektromobil\u016f to znamen\u00e1 a\u017e 70 procent, u hlin\u00edku a cementu 25 procent.<\/p>\n
Peking reagoval nezvykle ost\u0159e. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 ministerstvo obchodu mluv\u00ed o skryt\u00e9m protekcionismu a diskriminaci zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investor\u016f, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee poru\u0161ovat pravidla mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. Brusel naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jde o legitimn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj k obnov\u011b pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny po letech, kdy evropsk\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny mizely \u2013 a s nimi i pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n
Evropa m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 d\u016fvody. Delokalizace v\u00fdroby, energetick\u00e1 krize, naru\u0161en\u00e9 dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce b\u011bhem pandemie \u2013 to v\u0161echno uk\u00e1zalo, jak k\u0159ehk\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ekonomika postaven\u00e1 na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1vislostech. Kdy\u017e v roce 2021 chyb\u011bly \u010dipy do aut, n\u011bmeck\u00e9 automobilky musely zastavit v\u00fdrobu. Kdy\u017e Rusko zav\u0159elo kohoutky s plynem, evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl se ocitl na pokraji kolapsu. Po\u017eadavek na m\u00edstn\u00ed obsah m\u00e1 proto dvoj\u00ed c\u00edl \u2013 udr\u017eet zam\u011bstnanost a sn\u00ed\u017eit zranitelnost v nestabiln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n
\u010c\u00edna ov\u0161em vid\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: pokus vytla\u010dit \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 firmy z lukrativn\u00edho evropsk\u00e9ho trhu pr\u00e1v\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy maj\u00ed technologick\u00fd n\u00e1skok v bateri\u00edch, sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panelech \u010di elektromobilech. A p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zavedly i Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Vrac\u00ed se sv\u011bt k \u00e9\u0159e pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch blok\u016f?<\/p>\n
Konflikt kolem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nen\u00ed izolovan\u00fd. Vztahy mezi EU a \u010c\u00ednou se v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch komplikuj\u00ed na v\u00edce front\u00e1ch. Brusel vy\u0161et\u0159uje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dotace pro v\u00fdrobce elektromobil\u016f, Peking zase spustil antidumpingov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proti evropsk\u00fdm ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdrobk\u016fm. EU schv\u00e1lila dvac\u00e1t\u00fd sank\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek proti Rusku, kter\u00fd poprv\u00e9 zahrnul i \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 subjekty. Obchodn\u00ed deficit Unie v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u0159es\u00e1hl v roce 2024 hranici 305 miliard eur.<\/p>\n
Ekonomick\u00e1 sout\u011b\u017e se m\u011bn\u00ed v syst\u00e9movou rivalitu. A pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 politika se st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1strojem geopolitiky.<\/p>\n
Peking form\u00e1ln\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed dve\u0159e dialogu otev\u0159en\u00e9, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 varuje p\u0159ed \u201enezbytn\u00fdmi protiopat\u0159en\u00edmi\u201c. Brusel odpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee je p\u0159ipraven jednat, ale od sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f neustoup\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee ob\u011b strany maj\u00ed co ztratit. Evropa pot\u0159ebuje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd trh, \u010c\u00edna zase evropsk\u00e9 technologie a investice. Eskalace by zas\u00e1hla pr\u00e1v\u011b ty sektory, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b ekonomiky pova\u017euj\u00ed za strategick\u00e9 \u2013 automotive, \u010dist\u00e9 technologie a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n
Evropa se pokou\u0161\u00ed o strategii \u201ede-riskingu\u201c \u2013 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik, nikoli \u00fapln\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed od \u010c\u00edny. Jen\u017ee v praxi je to tenk\u00e1 hranice. Kdy\u017e stanov\u00edte pravidla, kter\u00e1 fakticky zv\u00fdhod\u0148uj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobce, druh\u00e1 strana to vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako diskriminaci. A kdy\u017e druh\u00e1 strana reaguje protiopat\u0159en\u00edmi, vy to vn\u00edm\u00e1te jako nef\u00e9rovou hru.<\/p>\n
M\u00e1 Evropa pr\u00e1vo chr\u00e1nit sv\u016fj pr\u016fmysl? Bezpochyby. Dok\u00e1\u017ee naj\u00edt cestu, kter\u00e1 nepo\u0161kod\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ekonomiku v\u00edc, ne\u017e pom\u016f\u017ee? To je ot\u00e1zka, na kterou zat\u00edm nikdo nezn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f. A je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomika je\u0161t\u011b schopn\u00e1 fungovat podle spole\u010dn\u00fdch pravidel, nebo se rozpad\u00e1 na soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00ed bloky? Brusel a Peking si zat\u00edm vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed diplomatick\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Ale tov\u00e1rny, pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a investice \u2013 ty se p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed u\u017e te\u010f.<\/p>\n
Zdroj info: Corriere della Sera<\/p>\n
Autor: Marek H\u00e1jek <\/p>\n
Foto: Vytvo\u0159eno um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed v\u00a0ChatGPT<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evropsk\u00e1 unie chce vr\u00e1tit v\u00fdrobu dom\u016f. \u010c\u00edna to pova\u017euje za \u00fatok na vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. A tak se z…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69937,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[3678,202,109,108,106,592],"class_list":{"0":"post-69936","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-evropa","8":"tag-brusel","9":"tag-cina","10":"tag-europa","11":"tag-europe","12":"tag-evropa","13":"tag-prumysl"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116486677679464679","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69936"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69936\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}