{"id":73203,"date":"2026-05-02T09:59:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T09:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/73203\/"},"modified":"2026-05-02T09:59:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T09:59:16","slug":"nejstarsi-chobotnice-nebyla-chobotnici-fosilie-patri-pradavne-lodence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/73203\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u201echobotnice\u201c nebyla chobotnic\u00ed. Fosilie pat\u0159\u00ed prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 lod\u011bnce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fosilie nalezen\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2000\u00a0v\u00a0americk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Illinois byla po desetilet\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1mou chobotnici, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se dostala dokonce i\u00a0do Guinnessovy knihy rekord\u016f<\/a>. V\u011bdci ale nyn\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed zjistili, \u017ee \u0161lo o\u00a0omyl.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli ve v\u00fdzkumu publikovan\u00e9m v\u00a0dubnu v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/a> sehr\u00e1la synchrotronov\u00e1 rentgenov\u00e1 fluorescence. Tato metoda umo\u017enila detailn\u011b prozkoumat n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 anatomick\u00e9 znaky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1valy odborn\u00edk\u016fm dosud skryt\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Foto: T. Clements, I. A. Rahman, A. R. T. Spencer, C. Klug, D. Fuchs, I. Rouget, I. Kruta, S. Sch\u00f6der, J. Wittry, O. G. Bath Enright, P. Gueriau; Synchrotron data reveal nautiloid characters in Pohlsepia mazonensis, refuting a Palaeozoic origin for octobrachians. Proc Biol Sci 1 April 2026<\/p>\n

Um\u011bleck\u00e1 rekonstrukce rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho se prav\u011bk\u00e9ho \u017eivo\u010dicha, kter\u00fd byl dlouho myln\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za chobotnici. V\u00a0pozad\u00ed je vid\u011bt jeho odd\u011blen\u00e1 schr\u00e1nka.<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm objevem byly drobn\u00e9 \u201ezoubky\u201c na org\u00e1nu zvan\u00e9m radula, kter\u00fd u\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161\u016f slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmu a\u00a0rozm\u011bln\u011bn\u00ed potravy. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Jeho podoba ale v\u00a0tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neodpov\u00eddala chobotnic\u00edm. Ty maj\u00ed obvykle v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b sedm a\u017e dev\u011bt \u201ezoubk\u016f\u201c, zat\u00edmco analyzovan\u00e1 fosilie jich vykazovala nejm\u00e9n\u011b jeden\u00e1ct.<\/p>\n

Omyl, kter\u00fd p\u0159etrval \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed identifikace fosilie vych\u00e1zela z\u00a0omezen\u00fdch dat. V\u011bdci se tehdy op\u00edrali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0jej\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tvar a\u00a0znaky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly osm chapadel. Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed tak byla tato zkamen\u011blina pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd d\u016fkaz ve studi\u00edch o\u00a0evoluci chobotnic. <\/p>\n

Foto: T. Clements, I. A. Rahman, A. R. T. Spencer, C. Klug, D. Fuchs, I. Rouget, I. Kruta, S. Sch\u00f6der, J. Wittry, O. G. Bath Enright, P. Gueriau; Synchrotron data reveal nautiloid characters in Pohlsepia mazonensis, refuting a Palaeozoic origin for octobrachians. Proc Biol Sci 1 April 2026<\/p>\n

Detailn\u00ed pohled na radulu zkouman\u00e9 fosilie, kter\u00e1 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za hlavn\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee nejde o\u00a0chobotnici, ale o\u00a0lod\u011bnku.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00ed existence z\u00e1rove\u0148 posouvala prvn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt t\u011bchto \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f o\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 150\u00a0milion\u016f let hloub\u011bji do minulosti, ne\u017e se dnes jev\u00ed jako pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201eUk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fosilie chobotnice na sv\u011bt\u011b vlastn\u011b nikdy chobotnic\u00ed nebyla,\u201c uvedl pro port\u00e1l Phys<\/a> zoolog Thomas Clements z\u00a0Univerzity v\u00a0Readingu, kter\u00fd se na v\u00fdzkumu pod\u00edlel. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bj \u0161lo o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho dne\u0161n\u00edch lod\u011bnek, jeho\u017e t\u011blo se p\u0159ed zkamen\u011bn\u00edm rozlo\u017eilo natolik, \u017ee z\u00edskalo klamav\u00fd vzhled p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed chobotnici. To n\u00e1sledn\u011b vedlo k\u00a0myln\u00e9 interpretaci.<\/p>\n

Foto: T. Clements, I. A. Rahman, A. R. T. Spencer, C. Klug, D. Fuchs, I. Rouget, I. Kruta, S. Sch\u00f6der, J. Wittry, O. G. Bath Enright, P. Gueriau; Synchrotron data reveal nautiloid characters in Pohlsepia mazonensis, refuting a Palaeozoic origin for octobrachians. Proc Biol Sci 1 April 2026<\/p>\n

Anatomie a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed fosilie p\u016fvodn\u011b pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za nejstar\u0161\u00ed chobotnici na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna pohledu na evoluci hlavono\u017ec\u016f<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9to fosilie m\u00e1 podle agentury AP v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed evoluce hlavono\u017ec\u016f. Pokud toti\u017e nejde o\u00a0chobotnici, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee prvn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 chobotnice se vyvinuly pozd\u011bji, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b a\u017e v\u00a0ju\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Toto druhohorn\u00ed obdob\u00ed za\u010dalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 200\u00a0miliony lety a\u00a0skon\u010dilo asi p\u0159ed 145\u00a0miliony lety. Mo\u0159e tehdy pokr\u00fdvalo a\u017e 80\u00a0procent dne\u0161n\u00ed pevniny a\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159elo ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro rozvoj mnoha mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b d\u00e1vn\u00fdch hlavono\u017ec\u016f, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159il i\u00a0zkouman\u00fd organismus. <\/p>\n

Co jsou lod\u011bnky?<\/p>\n

Lod\u011bnky jsou mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed hlavono\u017eci, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed chobotnic, s\u00e9pi\u00ed a\u00a0olihn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si jako jedni z\u00a0m\u00e1la zachovali vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spir\u00e1lovitou ulitu. Ta je rozd\u011blena na kom\u016frky, d\u00edky nim\u017e mohou regulovat vztlak a\u00a0pohybovat se ve vodn\u00edm sloupci. Maj\u00ed des\u00edtky tenk\u00fdch chapadel bez p\u0159\u00edsavek a\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9 o\u010di.<\/p>\n

Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejstar\u0161\u00ed dosud \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy, jejich p\u0159edci ob\u00fdvali oce\u00e1ny ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 500\u00a0miliony lety, proto se jim \u010dasto p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 \u201e\u017eivouc\u00ed fosilie\u201c.<\/p>\n

Foto: small1, Shutterstock<\/p>\n

Dnes \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed lod\u011bnka hlubinn\u00e1<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed lod\u011bnky \u017eij\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0hlub\u0161\u00edch tropick\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Fosilie nalezen\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2000\u00a0v\u00a0americk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Illinois byla po desetilet\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1mou chobotnici, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se dostala…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":73204,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[23967,489,23966,487,486,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-73203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-chobotnice","tag-fosilie","tag-lodenkoviti","tag-paleontologie","tag-pravek","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116504399981420800","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73203\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}