Jedna rovina je jej\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed, jak to surovinov\u00e9, kde zdaleka nejde jen o\u00a0ropu a\u00a0drah\u00e9 kovy \u010di diamanty, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0prvky, bez kter\u00fdch na\u0161e dne\u0161n\u00ed spole\u010dnost nen\u00ed schopn\u00e1 fungovat. Probl\u00e9m je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee toto bohatstv\u00ed velmi \u010dasto p\u0159itahuje lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed, diplomaticky \u0159e\u010deno, \u201ety nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed \u00famysly\u201c. Jde o\u00a0lidi, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me z\u00a0\u0159ady dobrodru\u017en\u00fdch film\u016f jako padouchy v\u00a0oblec\u00edch sed\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0luxusn\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch koncern\u016f v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, Americe \u010di Asii, ale velmi \u010dasto tak\u00e9 o\u00a0lidi, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed filmov\u00e9 produkci neuvid\u00edme, toti\u017e samotn\u00e9 Afri\u010dany, jejich\u017e men\u0161ina bez jak\u00fdchkoliv skrupul\u00ed okr\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inu Afri\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n
Druh\u00e1 rovina je historick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed a\u00a0historick\u00e9 k\u0159ivdy. Ty re\u00e1ln\u00e9 i\u00a0ty nafouknut\u00e9 a\u00a0um\u011ble udr\u017eovan\u00e9. Ta re\u00e1ln\u00e1 jde jednozna\u010dn\u011b za n\u00e1mi Evropany a\u00a0jmenuje se Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 konference. Tuto konferenci svolal do Berl\u00edna tehdej\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159 Otto von Bismarck a\u00a0v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 1884\u00a0a\u017e 1885\u00a0tam do\u0161lo k\u00a0rozparcelov\u00e1n\u00ed Afriky ve prosp\u011bch jednotliv\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, krom\u011b dvou v\u00fdjimek, toti\u017e Etiopie a\u00a0Lib\u00e9rie. Mimochodem, jak to dopadlo s\u00a0Lib\u00e9ri\u00ed a\u00a0jej\u00edm snem o\u00a0vzorov\u00e9 zemi, kde b\u00fdval\u00ed \u010dern\u00ed otroci osvobozen\u00ed z\u00a0okov\u016f v\u00a0USA povedou Afriku k\u00a0rozkv\u011btu, je na samostatn\u00e9 pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u00a0nebylo by to moc hezk\u00e9 pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed, ale sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem to ilustruje, jak naivn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0Africe m\u011bli v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli Africe s\u00a0t\u011bmi nejlep\u0161\u00edmi \u00famysly pom\u00e1hat. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by st\u00e1lo za to tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159ipom\u00ednat t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed bez minim\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek pom\u00e1hat dnes.<\/p>\n
Ale zp\u011bt k\u00a0berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 konferenci. To z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, co se tam odehr\u00e1lo, a\u00a0to, co dodnes ni\u010d\u00ed Afriku, bylo to, \u017ee tehdy se na evropsk\u00fdch stolech nakreslily \u010d\u00e1ry do map, ze kter\u00fdch vznikly dne\u0161n\u00ed hranice bez ohledu na kmenov\u00e9, etnick\u00e9, jazykov\u00e9 nebo historick\u00e9 vazby. A\u00a0to je to, co dodnes znemo\u017e\u0148uje jak dobr\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, tak i\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u0159ec\u00edch ploch. A\u00a0v z\u00e1sad\u011b samo o\u00a0sob\u011b neust\u00e1le za\u017eeh\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 a\u00a0nov\u00e9 konflikty.<\/p>\n
T\u0159et\u00ed rovinou je p\u0159\u00edstup Evropy, ale i\u00a0naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny americk\u00fdch administrativ k\u00a0Africe. Kdy\u017e se p\u0159eneseme do obdob\u00ed po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy oba soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00ed bloky velmi \u010dasto nejen p\u0159iv\u00edraly o\u010di, ale mnohem \u010dast\u011bji si krom\u011b o\u010d\u00ed zakr\u00fdvaly i\u00a0u\u0161i a\u00a0nos, aby re\u017eimy, kter\u00e9 zrovna m\u011bly na sv\u00e9 stran\u011b, udr\u017eely i\u00a0nad\u00e1le u\u00a0sebe, uvid\u00edme jeden z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m ve vztahu Z\u00e1padu k\u00a0Africe. T\u00edm je absurdn\u00ed pocit viny a\u00a0z toho plynouc\u00ed mindr\u00e1k \u201estar\u0161\u00edho sourozence\u201c.<\/p>\n
Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nahlas to nikdo ne\u0159ekne, to by bylo rasistick\u00e9, ale realita takov\u00e1 je. To, co by kdekoliv jinde bylo p\u0159edm\u011btem kritiky, sankc\u00ed a\u00a0medi\u00e1ln\u00edho pran\u00fd\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, je v\u00a0Africe p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeno. Proto\u017ee rasismus, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 kolektivn\u00ed vina Z\u00e1padu za\u2026 za co? \u017de tam n\u011bkter\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b v\u00a0generac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u00e1vno ne\u017eij\u00ed, nevl\u00e1dly hezky?<\/p>\n
Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, jak vyt\u011bs\u0148ujeme nap\u0159\u00edklad arabskou expanzi do Afriky n\u011bkdy od sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b tureckou kolonizaci Afriky, kterou ukon\u010dila a\u017e por\u00e1\u017eka Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Optikou historick\u00fdch k\u0159ivd bychom ani my Evropan\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemohli mluvit se zbytkem sv\u011bta a\u00a0zbytek sv\u011bta s\u00a0n\u00e1mi. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ten syndrom neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho omlouv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0syp\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz do bezedn\u00fdch jam korupce si sv\u011bt zjevn\u011b vyhradil jen pro Afriku.<\/p>\n
T\u011bch rovin, pro\u010d je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 Afrika zaklet\u00e1 ve v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m koloto\u010di nad\u011bje a\u00a0beznad\u011bje, je mnohem v\u00edc a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich by si zaslou\u017eila minim\u00e1ln\u011b knihu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tohle je koment\u00e1\u0159, tak budu stru\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
V posledn\u00edch dnech se do z\u00e1jmu m\u00e9di\u00ed ob\u010das prokou\u0161e d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Mali. A\u00a0op\u011bt, d\u011bje se tam tolik v\u011bc\u00ed, \u017ee je jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 si naj\u00edt n\u011bkoho, komu fandit, a\u00a0n\u011bco, z\u00a0\u010deho m\u00edt radost. Proto\u017ee dosavadn\u00ed stav byl tragick\u00fd a\u00a0to, k\u00a0\u010demu se schyluje, bude sice zm\u011bna, ale k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu zjevn\u011b nikoliv.<\/p>\n
Sou\u010dasn\u00fdm vl\u00e1dc\u016fm Mali, toti\u017e vojensk\u00e9 junt\u011b pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Assimi Go\u00efta, asi nikdo norm\u00e1ln\u00ed fandit nem\u016f\u017ee, tak\u017ee mu tak\u00e9 fand\u00ed jen Vladimir Putin. Mimochodem, dal\u0161\u00ed ze \u010dtve\u0159ice vrcholn\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f junty a\u00a0architekt jej\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0Ruskem, ministr obrany Mali Sadio Camara, byl ned\u00e1vno zabit povstalci p\u0159i \u00fatoku v\u00a0Kati, kde ho jeho ru\u0161t\u00ed \u201ekamar\u00e1di\u201c z\u00a0Afrika Corps nechali napospas jen proto, aby mohli sami ut\u00e9ct.<\/p>\n
Takov\u00e1 hezk\u00e1 uk\u00e1zka rusk\u00e9ho nerozborn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e uk\u00e1zali i\u00a0jin\u00fdm dikt\u00e1tor\u016fm. Zm\u00edn\u00edm t\u0159eba Ba\u0161\u00e1ra al-Asada. Kdy\u017e u\u017e zmi\u0148ujeme Rusy a\u00a0jejich \u201evojensk\u00e9 jednotky\u201c, kter\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e boj vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed masakrov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0okr\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed civilist\u016f, stoj\u00ed za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed jejich neutuchaj\u00edc\u00ed obdiv k\u00a0nacistick\u00e9mu N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n
Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka Rus\u016f by \u010dlov\u011bka mohla pot\u011b\u0161it, kdyby v\u00a0n\u00ed krom\u011b bojovn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0Azawadu nem\u011bli prsty tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9 z\u00a0Jama’at Nusrat al-Islamwal-Muslimin, tedy jedna z\u00a0mnoha africk\u00fdch afiliac\u00ed Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n
A tady se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k\u00a0tomu, pro\u010d Mali v\u00a0t\u011bchto dnech v\u011bnovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost. Jak\u00e9koliv dal\u0161\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed islamist\u016f v\u00a0Sahelu znamen\u00e1 pro Evropu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hrozby, po\u010d\u00ednaje zv\u00fd\u0161enou migrac\u00ed, p\u0159es mo\u017enou humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofu a\u00a0kon\u010de t\u0159eba p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm dod\u00e1vek d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n
O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee evropsk\u00e1 reakce, a\u017e se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm jednoho dne p\u0159ijde, se omez\u00ed na n\u011bjakou tu konferenci, mo\u017en\u00e1 i\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u201eostr\u00e9\u201c prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, a\u00a0kdy\u017e dojde na nejhor\u0161\u00ed, tak i\u00a0pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 si p\u016fj\u010d\u00edme na \u00fakor na\u0161ich d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Mo\u017en\u00e1 by st\u00e1lo za to rozetnout ten gordick\u00fd uzel a\u00a0umo\u017enit Tuareg\u016fm vznik jejich st\u00e1tu, stejn\u011b tak jako dal\u0161\u00edm etnick\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m v\u00a0Africe, a\u00a0to i\u00a0za cenu ozbrojen\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f. Ony tam toti\u017e bez toho budou st\u00e1le, ale bez nad\u011bje na uklidn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by jednoho dne mohlo p\u0159ij\u00edt, pokud zmiz\u00ed jedna z\u00a0mnoha jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, toti\u017e rozd\u011blen\u00ed kontinentu na \u00fazemn\u00ed celky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed konflikt ve sv\u00fdch genech.<\/p>\n
Milan Mikuleck\u00fd m\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti z\u00a0mana\u017eersk\u00fdch pozic v\u00a0byznysu i\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b jak v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, tak v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Se sv\u00fdmi hosty diskutuje p\u0159ed kamerou a\u00a0mikrofonem bez ohledu na dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Hlas volaj\u00edc\u00edho na pou\u0161ti je historicky vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm toho, kdy n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 hlasit\u011b upozor\u0148ovali ostatn\u00ed na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, do kter\u00e9ho se jejich spole\u010denstv\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1, a\u00a0nebyli v\u010das vysly\u0161eni. Ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden otev\u00edr\u00e1me nov\u00e9 t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n
Odeb\u00edrejte Hlas na pou\u0161ti tak\u00e9 v\u00a0podcastov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch a\u00a0nov\u00fd d\u00edl v\u00e1m neute\u010de: <\/p>\n
Poslechn\u011bte si tak\u00e9 na\u0161e dal\u0161\u00ed podcasty: <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jedna rovina je jej\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed, jak to surovinov\u00e9, kde zdaleka nejde jen o\u00a0ropu a\u00a0drah\u00e9 kovy \u010di diamanty,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16932,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[926,8825,54,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-74888","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-afrika","9":"tag-podcast-hlas-na-pousti","10":"tag-svet","11":"tag-world","12":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116515095614448752","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74888"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74888\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}