![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1778138678_934_historie.jpeg\")
Foto: Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd\/wikimedia commons creative commons attribution 4.0<\/p>\nNa za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna 1945\u00a0se Evropa nach\u00e1zela v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dnech v\u00e1lky. Berl\u00edn byl dobyt Rudou arm\u00e1dou a\u00a0Adolf Hitler byl po smrti. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fazem\u00ed Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a\u00a0Morava z\u016fst\u00e1vala pod kontrolou N\u011bmc\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010cechy u\u017e obsazovala americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da gener\u00e1la George S. Pattona, zat\u00edmco od v\u00fdchodu postupovala Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Praha v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1vala v\u00a0rukou nacist\u016f, a\u00a0nav\u00edc se k\u00a0n\u00ed stahovala siln\u00e1 Skupina arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed pod velen\u00edm Ferdinanda Sch\u00f6rnera, kter\u00e1 se zoufale sna\u017eila prob\u00edt na z\u00e1pad do americk\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed. M\u011bsto tak st\u00e1lo na prahu chaosu.<\/p>\n
Okam\u017eik, kter\u00fd v\u0161echno spustil<\/p>\n
Povst\u00e1n\u00ed neza\u010dalo v\u00fdst\u0159elem, ale slovem. Kdy\u017e \u010cesk\u00fd rozhlas za\u010dal vys\u00edlat v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b, bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se n\u011bco m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1tce po poledni, ve 12:33, zazn\u011bla prvn\u00ed zoufal\u00e1 v\u00fdzva:<\/p>\n
\u201eVol\u00e1me \u010deskou policii do rozhlasu! St\u0159\u00edl\u00ed se zde!\u201c O\u00a0minutu pozd\u011bji n\u00e1sledovala dal\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n
\u201eVol\u00e1me \u010deskou policii, \u010desk\u00e9 \u010detnictvo, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed vojsko, ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dobr\u00e9ho \u010cecha na pomoc \u010desk\u00e9mu rozhlasu! Eses\u00e1ci n\u00e1s cht\u011bj\u00ed vyvra\u017edit! P\u0159ije\u010fte ihned!\u201c Praha se b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin prom\u011bnila v\u00a0boji\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n
S\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se st\u0159etly<\/p>\n
Na stran\u011b povstalc\u016f st\u00e1lo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30\u00a0000\u00a0ozbrojen\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 podporovalo asi 100\u00a0000\u00a0civilist\u016f. Ti stav\u011bli barik\u00e1dy, nosili munici, o\u0161et\u0159ovali ran\u011bn\u00e9 a\u00a0zaji\u0161\u0165ovali z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji se do boj\u016f zapojilo tak\u00e9 asi 18\u00a0000\u00a0voj\u00e1k\u016f Rusk\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (Vlasovc\u016f).<\/p>\n
Proti nim st\u00e1lo zhruba 40\u00a0000\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b jednotek SS, kter\u00e9 byly \u010dasto fanatick\u00e9 a\u00a0odm\u00edtaly kapitulaci.<\/p>\n
Vojensk\u00fdm velitelem povst\u00e1n\u00ed byl gener\u00e1l Karel Kutlva\u0161r, zku\u0161en\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00fd m\u011bl za sebou u\u017e prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku. Bojoval v\u00a0legi\u00edch v\u00a0Rusku, kde z\u00edskal cenn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti z\u00a0velk\u00fdch bojov\u00fdch operac\u00ed i\u00a0velen\u00ed v\u00a0krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch. Po vzniku \u010ceskoslovenska z\u016fstal v\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u011b a\u00a0pat\u0159il k\u00a0jej\u00edm respektovan\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm. Do kv\u011btna 1945\u00a0tak nevstupoval jako improvizovan\u00fd velitel, ale jako voj\u00e1k, kter\u00fd u\u017e jednou za\u017eil rozpad fronty i\u00a0boj o\u00a0p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed st\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto zku\u0161enosti se sna\u017eil vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i organizaci obrany Prahy a\u00a0koordinaci \u010dasto chaotick\u00e9ho odporu.<\/p>\n
Na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stran\u011b velel v\u00a0Praze gener\u00e1l Rudolf Toussaint, kari\u00e9rn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk Wehrmachtu. B\u011bhem v\u00e1lky p\u016fsobil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch a\u00a0velitelsk\u00fdch pozic\u00edch na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b, kde byl sv\u011bdkem tvrd\u00fdch boj\u016f proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu. Pozd\u011bji byl p\u0159evelen do Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a\u00a0Morava jako vojensk\u00fd velitel v\u00a0Praze. Na ja\u0159e 1945\u00a0se ocitl v\u00a0bezv\u00fdchodn\u00e9 situaci\u00a0\u2013 mezi rozkazy nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed po\u017eadovali boj do posledn\u00edho mu\u017ee, a\u00a0realitou hrout\u00edc\u00ed se T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Na rozd\u00edl od fanatick\u00fdch jednotek SS se nakonec rozhodl jednat a\u00a0p\u0159istoupil na p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0povstalci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zabr\u00e1nil je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu zni\u010den\u00ed m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n
Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0prvn\u00edch a\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f byl boj o\u00a0budovu rozhlasu. N\u011bmci se sna\u017eili vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed uml\u010det, proto\u017ee ch\u00e1pali jeho v\u00fdznam. Povstalci naopak v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b rozhlas dr\u017e\u00ed cel\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed pohromad\u011b.<\/p>\n
Ve\u010der 5.\u00a0kv\u011btna vyzvala \u010cesk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada obyvatele k\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed barik\u00e1d. B\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby jich po cel\u00e9 Praze vyrostly tis\u00edce. Ulice se prom\u011bnily v\u00a0pevnosti, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zastavit n\u011bmeck\u00e9 tanky.<\/p>\n
Foto: Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd\/wikimedia commons creative commons attribution 4.0<\/p>\n
V noci na 6.\u00a0kv\u011btna vstoupily do boj\u016f jednotky Vlasovc\u016f pod velen\u00edm Sergeje Bu\u0148a\u010denka. Pomohly povstalc\u016fm ovl\u00e1dnout velkou \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1padn\u00ed Prahy a\u00a0zablokovat n\u011bmeck\u00fd postup. Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak N\u011bmci za\u010dali nasazovat posily, v\u010detn\u011b tank\u016f, a\u00a0m\u011bsto bombardovalo i\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 letectvo. Boje byly chaotick\u00e9, brut\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dasto bez pravidel.<\/p>\n
S postupem boj\u016f rostla i\u00a0brutalita. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jednotky p\u00e1chaly masakry civilist\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblastech Pankr\u00e1ce, Kr\u010de a\u00a0Michle, kde bylo b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f zavra\u017ed\u011bno p\u0159es 170\u00a0lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Lid\u00e9 byli popravov\u00e1ni, mu\u010deni nebo odv\u00e1\u017eeni a\u00a0jejich t\u011bla kon\u010dila ve Vltav\u011b. Praha se zm\u011bnila v\u00a0m\u00edsto, kde vedle odvahy existoval i\u00a0strach a\u00a0krutost.<\/p>\n
Vol\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0pomoc a\u00a0velk\u00e1 politika<\/p>\n
Rozhlas vys\u00edlal v\u00fdzvy o\u00a0pomoc nejen \u010desky, ale i\u00a0anglicky, francouzsky a\u00a0rusky. Zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0povst\u00e1n\u00ed se tak dostala do sv\u011bta. Gener\u00e1l George S. Patton cht\u011bl okam\u017eit\u011b vyrazit na pomoc Praze, ale jeho nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd Omar Bradley to odm\u00edtl a\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed ponechal na Dwightovi D. Eisenhowerovi. Spojenci nakonec nezas\u00e1hli.<\/p>\n
Praha tak z\u016fstala odk\u00e1zan\u00e1 sama na sebe.<\/p>\n
V noci ze 7.\u00a0na 8.\u00a0kv\u011btna podepsal Alfred Jodl v\u00a0Reme\u0161i kapitulaci N\u011bmecka. V\u00a0Praze se mezit\u00edm situace vyv\u00edjela d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1778138678_666_historie.jpeg\")
Foto: Purnoch\/wikimedia commons creative attribution 4.0<\/p>\n
Mar\u0161\u00e1l Ferdinand Sch\u00f6rner na\u0159\u00eddil Prahu zni\u010dit, ale gener\u00e1l Rudolf Toussaint tento rozkaz odm\u00edtl. M\u00edsto toho za\u010dal jednat s\u00a0\u010ceskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou a\u00a0dohodl p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Ne v\u0161echny jednotky v\u0161ak p\u0159estaly bojovat. Zejm\u00e9na jednotky SS pokra\u010dovaly v\u00a0boj\u00edch je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
9.kv\u011btna brzy r\u00e1no dorazily do Prahy prvn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tanky. Jednotky gener\u00e1l\u016f Dmitrije Lelju\u0161enka a\u00a0Pavla Rybalka projely m\u011bstem, kde u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 s\u00edly prakticky nebyly. Z\u016fstali jen izolovan\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a\u00a0fanati\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci SS.<\/p>\n
Pra\u017esk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed trvalo pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, ale jeho cena byla vysok\u00e1. Padlo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3\u00a0000\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch povstalc\u016f a\u00a0civilist\u016f, zat\u00edmco n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty se odhaduj\u00ed na n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc mrtv\u00fdch a\u00a0des\u00edtky tis\u00edc zajat\u00fdch. Povst\u00e1n\u00ed urychlilo konec v\u00e1lky v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a\u00a0zabr\u00e1nilo v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu zni\u010den\u00ed Prahy.<\/p>\n
Ho\u0159k\u00e1 dohoda v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f a\u00a0pora\u017een\u00fdch<\/p>\n
Osud hlavn\u00edch postav m\u011bl trpkou dohru. Gener\u00e1l Karel Kutlva\u0161r, kter\u00fd velel obran\u011b Prahy, byl po v\u00e1lce komunistick\u00fdm re\u017eimem zat\u010den a\u00a0odsouzen. Str\u00e1vil roky ve v\u011bzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam se symbolicky setkal se sv\u00fdm n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edm protivn\u00edkem, n\u011bmeck\u00fdm velitelem Rudolfem Toussaintem.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1778138678_613_historie.jpeg\")
Foto: nezn\u00e1m\u00fd\/wikipedie commons Marek, Jind\u0159ich. 1. vyd. Cheb: Sv\u011bt k\u0159\u00eddel, 2005. ISBN 80-86808-16-5.<\/p>\n
Gener\u00e1l Karel Kutlva\u0161r<\/p>\n
Dva mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1li v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1945\u00a0proti sob\u011b na opa\u010dn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch barik\u00e1d, tak nakonec skon\u010dili na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b jako v\u011bzni.<\/p>\n
Pra\u017esk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo jen vojenskou operac\u00ed. Bylo to spont\u00e1nn\u00ed vystoupen\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e necht\u011bli \u010dekat na osvobozen\u00ed. Za\u010dalo n\u011bkolika v\u011btami v\u00a0rozhlase a\u00a0skon\u010dilo svobodou.<\/p>\n
A i\u00a0kdy\u017e trvalo jen p\u00e1r dn\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okam\u017eik\u016fm \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n
Ji\u0159\u00ed Padev\u011bt: Pr\u016fvodce protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed Prahou. Praha: Academia, 2013.Vojt\u011bch \u0160ustek: Pra\u017esk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed 1945. Praha: Scriptorium, 2015.Vojensk\u00fd historick\u00fd \u00fastav Praha. Dostupn\u00e9 online.\u00dastav pro studium totalitn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f. Dostupn\u00e9 online.Pra\u017esk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed (Wikipedie). Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A9_povst%C3%A1n%C3%AD<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna 1945\u00a0se Evropa nach\u00e1zela v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dnech v\u00e1lky. Berl\u00edn byl dobyt Rudou arm\u00e1dou a\u00a0Adolf Hitler byl po…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78188,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[8018,8886,2209,441,98,99,7967,23585],"class_list":{"0":"post-78187","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-praha","8":"tag-ceska-historie","9":"tag-ceskoslovensko","10":"tag-druha-svetova-valka","11":"tag-historie","12":"tag-prague","13":"tag-praha","14":"tag-prazske-povstani","15":"tag-wehrmacht"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116532102127735304","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78187"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78187\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}