{"id":78466,"date":"2026-05-07T12:52:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T12:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/78466\/"},"modified":"2026-05-07T12:52:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T12:52:10","slug":"aljassky-fjord-zpustosila-druha-nejvetsi-zaznamenana-megatsunami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/78466\/","title":{"rendered":"Alja\u0161sk\u00fd fjord zpusto\u0161ila druh\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e1 megatsunami"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bylo velmi brzy r\u00e1no, 13.\u00a0srpna lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Na \u00fapat\u00ed fjordu Tracy Arm na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Alja\u0161ky se z\u0159\u00edtilo masivn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed horniny. \u00dadol\u00edm se prohnalo 64\u00a0milion\u016f kubick\u00fdch metr\u016f sk\u00e1ly. Krom\u011b pol\u00e1man\u00fdch strom\u016f a\u00a0zpusto\u0161en\u00e9 krajiny vyvolal sesuv tak\u00e9 vznik t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 500\u00a0metr\u016f vysok\u00e9 megatsunami.<\/p>\n

Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: Eiffelova v\u011b\u017e dosahuje v\u00fd\u0161ky zhruba 330\u00a0metr\u016f. Jen n\u011bkolik hodin po ud\u00e1losti m\u011bly do fjordu vjet v\u00fdletn\u00ed lod\u011b, ka\u017ed\u00e1 s\u00a0kapacitou v\u00edce ne\u017e sto cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. Jen d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee k\u00a0sesuvu do\u0161lo v\u00a0tak \u010dasn\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch, nezem\u0159eli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n

A\u017e doned\u00e1vna nebyla p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina vzniku megatsunami zn\u00e1m\u00e1. Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 doktorem Stephenem Hicksem z\u00a0University College London a\u00a0jeho\u00a0t\u00fdmem v\u011bdc\u016f v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Science<\/a> nyn\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee na vin\u011b je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u0159\u00edve pom\u00e1hal kus sk\u00e1ly udr\u017eet ledovec, jakmile rozt\u00e1l a\u00a0odkryl spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00fatesu, do\u0161lo k\u00a0n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed horniny do fjordu,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Hicks pro britskou stanici BBC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci varuj\u00ed, \u017ee riziko vzniku megatsunami se ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem zvy\u0161uje. \u201eV tuto chv\u00edli jsem si docela jist\u00fd, \u017ee jich nebude p\u0159ib\u00fdvat m\u00edrn\u011b, ale \u017ee jejich po\u010det vzroste v\u00fdrazn\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1 budou a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu bylo p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dek\u00e1dami,\u201c citovala stanice dal\u0161\u00edho autora v\u00fdzkumu Bretwooda Higmana, alja\u0161sk\u00e9ho geologa.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed cestuje do odlehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, aby obdivovali p\u0159\u00edrodu a\u00a0dozv\u011bd\u011bli se v\u00edce o\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010casto jsou ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tato m\u00edsta pro turistick\u00e9 plavby nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Den p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e do\u0161lo k\u00a0sesuvu p\u016fdy na \u00fapat\u00ed fjordu Tracy Arm, proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli oblast\u00ed v\u00fdletn\u00ed lod\u011b s\u00a0tis\u00edci cestuj\u00edc\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Jak vznikaj\u00ed megatsunami<\/p>\n

Obrovsk\u00e9 vlny zvan\u00e9 megatsunami b\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00e1sledkem sesuvu p\u016fdy do vody, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm nebo p\u00e1dem ledovce. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed jevy. Historicky nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed megatsunami byla zaznamen\u00e1na v\u00a0alja\u0161sk\u00e9m fjordu Lituya Bay v\u00a0roce 1958\u00a0s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kou 524\u00a0metr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tsunami vyvolan\u00e9 sesuvem p\u016fdy mohou podle v\u011bdc\u016f dosahovat podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky ne\u017e vlny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm. D\u016fvodem jsou v\u00fdkyvy v\u00a0hloubce vody a\u00a0skute\u010dnost, \u017ee fjordy jsou \u010dasto velmi \u00fazk\u00e9 a\u00a0voda se tak nem\u00e1 kam rozprost\u0159\u00edt. Podobn\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost nastala tak\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 2024\u00a0v\u00a0Gr\u00f3nsku<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Li\u0161\u00ed se tak od tsunami vznikl\u00fdch na otev\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i, kter\u00e9 krom\u011b zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba erupce podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 sopky. Takov\u00e1 vlna m\u016f\u017ee urazit tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f a\u00a0ohrozit tak obydlen\u00e9 oblasti a\u00a0zp\u016fsobit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody i\u00a0ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem je tsunami, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2011\u00a0zas\u00e1hla severov\u00fdchod Japonska a\u00a0zp\u016fsobila i\u00a0hav\u00e1rii jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Fuku\u0161ima.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f na Alja\u0161ce<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna klimatu za posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolik let zp\u016fsobila rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9mu stoup\u00e1 hladina mo\u0159e a\u00a0ohro\u017euje \u017eivot n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n

Alja\u0161ka je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ohro\u017eenou oblast\u00ed kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm strm\u00fdm hor\u00e1m, \u00fazk\u00fdm fjord\u016fm a\u00a0\u010dast\u00fdm zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci ve studii poznamenali, \u017ee v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zrychlen\u00e9ho t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho klimatickou zm\u011bnou se v\u00a0cel\u00e9 oblasti Arktidy v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ilo riziko vzniku megatsunami. Pro obyvatele Arktidy to p\u0159edstavuje hrozbu v\u00a0podob\u011b ztr\u00e1t na \u017eivotech a\u00a0nutnosti p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed cel\u00fdch komunit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bylo velmi brzy r\u00e1no, 13.\u00a0srpna lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Na \u00fapat\u00ed fjordu Tracy Arm na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Alja\u0161ky se z\u0159\u00edtilo masivn\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78467,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[2193,17,21,13017,16,2994,18,19,22,20],"class_list":{"0":"post-78466","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zpravy","8":"tag-aljaska","9":"tag-headlines","10":"tag-hlavni-udalosti","11":"tag-ledovce","12":"tag-news","13":"tag-planeta-a-klima","14":"tag-top-news","15":"tag-top-stories","16":"tag-udalosti-dne","17":"tag-zpravy"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116533391969248462","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}