![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/kinematika-vychodoafrickeho-riftu.png\")
Foto: „East Africa Rift System GPS and stresses“ by Mikenorton is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/p>\nPukliny v\u00a0pou\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159 kontinentu<\/p>\n
V Afarsk\u00e9 oblasti severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Etiopie se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed hned t\u0159i tektonick\u00e9 desky, kter\u00e9 se od sebe pomalu vzdaluj\u00ed. To, co geolog\u016fm na t\u00e9hle vyprahl\u00e9 krajin\u011b p\u0159ijde nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nele\u017e\u00ed na povrchu, ale stovky kilometr\u016f hluboko pod n\u00edm. Africk\u00e1 deska se podle v\u011bdc\u016f d\u011bl\u00ed na dva velk\u00e9 \u00falomky pojmenovan\u00e9 N\u00fabijsk\u00e1 deska a\u00a0Som\u00e1lsk\u00e1 deska.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdchodoafrick\u00fd riftov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se t\u00e1hne v\u00a0d\u00e9lce zhruba 3\u00a0500\u00a0kilometr\u016f a\u00a0prot\u00edn\u00e1 Etiopii, Ke\u0148u, Ugandu i\u00a0Malawi. Hlavn\u00ed rift se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 od Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a\u017e do Mosambiku v\u00a0d\u00e9lce 3\u00a0500\u00a0kilometr\u016f. Tahle trhlina je tak dlouh\u00e1, \u017ee na map\u011b Evropy by se s\u00a0n\u00ed pohodln\u011b p\u0159ejelo od Lisabonu a\u017e n\u011bkam k\u00a0Uralu.<\/p>\n
V Afaru le\u017e\u00ed jedno z\u00a0nejteplej\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0nejnehostinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst planety, kde teploty ve dne b\u011b\u017en\u011b atakuj\u00ed hranici 54\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Geofyzi\u010dka Cynthia Ebingerov\u00e1 z\u00a0Tulane University o\u00a0t\u00e9to krajin\u011b poznamenala, \u017ee b\u00fdv\u00e1 naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \u201eDanteho peklem\u201c.<\/p>\n
Foto: „East Africa Rift System GPS and stresses“ by Mikenorton is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/p>\n
Kinematika V\u00fdchodoafrick\u00e9ho riftu<\/p>\n
Drama z\u00a0roku 2005, kter\u00e9 trvalo deset dn\u00ed<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2005\u00a0se v\u00a0etiopsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti otev\u0159ela b\u011bhem deseti dn\u016f ob\u0159\u00ed trhlina dlouh\u00e1 60\u00a0kilometr\u016f. Spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti byla mohutn\u00e1 erupce sopky Dabbahu, kter\u00e1 zat\u0159\u00e1sla okol\u00edm s\u00e9ri\u00ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed. Trhlina dos\u00e1hla \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky a\u017e osmi metr\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e okoln\u00ed ter\u00e9n poklesl o\u00a0n\u011bkolik metr\u016f a\u00a0vytvo\u0159il propadlinu.<\/p>\n
Cynthia Ebingerov\u00e1 pohyb desek b\u011bhem t\u00e9to epizody p\u0159irovnala k\u00a0n\u011bkolika st\u016fm let tektonick\u00e9ho posunu zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm do n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed. Upozornila, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pevninsk\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hrozbu pro m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele ne\u017e s\u00e9rie men\u0161\u00edch ot\u0159es\u016f. Christopher Moore z\u00a0University of Leeds, kter\u00fd oblast pozoruje pomoc\u00ed satelitn\u00edho radaru, naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Afar jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem na Zemi, kde lze sledovat p\u0159echod od kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho riftu k\u00a0oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
T\u0159i desky se rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed, \u010dtvrt\u00fd oce\u00e1n se rod\u00ed<\/p>\n
Arabsk\u00e1 deska se podle m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzdaluje od Afriky tempem zhruba 2,5\u00a0cm ro\u010dn\u011b. N\u00fabijsk\u00e1 a\u00a0Som\u00e1lsk\u00e1 deska se rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed pomaleji, rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,5\u00a0a\u017e 1,3\u00a0cm za rok.<\/p>\n
V oblasti Turkany se africk\u00e1 a\u00a0som\u00e1lsk\u00e1 litosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 kra od sebe odsouvaj\u00ed rychlost\u00ed asi 4,7\u00a0milimetru za rok. Kdy\u017e se tyhle zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nepatrn\u00e9 posuny s\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed po dlouh\u00e9 miliony let, dok\u00e1\u017eou nakonec rozp\u016flit cel\u00fd kontinent a\u00a0otev\u0159\u00edt cestu nov\u00e9mu mo\u0159i. Ken Macdonald z\u00a0Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v\u00a0Santa Barba\u0159e tempo riftingu p\u0159irovnal k\u00a0rychlosti, jakou lidem rostou nehty na nohou.<\/p>\n
Geolog David Adede z\u00a0University of Nairobi popsal, \u017ee siln\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 2018\u00a0odhalily v\u00a0Keni dal\u0161\u00ed podobnou prasklinu, kter\u00e1 si vy\u017e\u00e1dala uzav\u0159en\u00ed silnic. V\u00a0Afarsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi nav\u00edc le\u017e\u00ed oblasti pod \u00farovn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladiny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mo\u0159e zat\u00edm odd\u011bluje pouze h\u0159eben v\u00a0Eritreji vysok\u00fd zhruba 20\u00a0metr\u016f. Kdyby se tahle bari\u00e9ra propadla, slan\u00e1 voda by se hrnula do kontinentu d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se vznik oce\u00e1nu dokon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Tep srdce hluboko pod povrchem<\/p>\n
T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00a0University of Southampton odhalil rytmick\u00e9 vzedmut\u00ed roztaven\u00fdch hornin, kter\u00e9 vystupuje z\u00a0hlubok\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pod Afarem.<\/p>\n
Emma Wattsov\u00e1 ze Swansea University popsala, \u017ee pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pod Afarem nen\u00ed stabiln\u00ed, ale chv\u011bje se v\u00a0rytmick\u00fdch pulzech s\u00a0odli\u0161n\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi podpisy<\/p>\n
V\u011bdci pro studii nasb\u00edrali p\u0159es 130\u00a0vzork\u016f sope\u010dn\u00fdch hornin z\u00a0Afaru a\u00a0hlavn\u00edho etiopsk\u00e9ho riftu. Profesor Tom Gernon z\u00a0University of Southampton chemick\u00e9 pruhy v\u00a0pl\u00e1\u0161ti p\u0159irovnal k\u00a0tlukotu srdce, kter\u00fd se pod rychleji rozev\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edmi se rifty \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jako pulz tepnou. Studie byla publikov\u00e1na v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature Geoscience a\u00a0zapojily se do n\u00ed instituce z\u00a0deseti zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Turkansk\u00e1 puklina<\/p>\n
T\u00fdm z\u00a0Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory zjistil, \u017ee k\u016fra pod Turkansk\u00fdm riftem je ten\u010d\u00ed, ne\u017e kdokoli dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal. Tahle informace z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed pohled na to, jak daleko ve sv\u00e9m rozpadu Afrika dosp\u011bla a\u00a0jak bl\u00edzko je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed zlom.<\/p>\n
Pod st\u0159edem trhliny dosahuje zemsk\u00e1 k\u016fra pouh\u00fdch 13\u00a0kilometr\u016f, zat\u00edmco po stran\u00e1ch p\u0159esahuje 35\u00a0kilometr\u016f. Christian Rowan z\u00a0Columbia University vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm ten\u010d\u00ed k\u016fra, t\u00edm je k\u0159eh\u010d\u00ed, co\u017e riftingu nahr\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Co bude d\u00e1l: oce\u00e1n za miliony let<\/p>\n
V\u011bdci se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fapln\u00e9 zaplaven\u00ed Afaru a\u00a0vznik nov\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu potrv\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 5\u00a0a\u017e 10\u00a0milion\u016f let. V\u00a0p\u0159epo\u010dtu na lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot je to nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, ale v\u00a0geologick\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u00edch se takov\u00e1 mez pova\u017euje za pouh\u00e9 mrknut\u00ed oka.<\/p>\n
Po f\u00e1zi t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi bude n\u00e1sledovat oceanizace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e magma prote\u010de skrze trhliny a\u00a0vytvo\u0159\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno, na kter\u00e9 se nahrne voda z\u00a0Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. A\u017e se dne\u0161n\u00ed Afarsk\u00e1 p\u00e1nev pono\u0159\u00ed, vznikne podle model\u016f z\u00a0men\u0161\u00edho africk\u00e9ho c\u00edpu samostatn\u00fd kontinent zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Som\u00e1lsko a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti Keni, Etiopie a\u00a0Tanzanie. Tahle nov\u00e1 pevnina se pak bude pomalu vzdalovat d\u00e1l a\u00a0d\u00e1l do nitra Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu jako gigantick\u00e1 ostrovn\u00ed karavela. Ken Macdonald dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m tempu by se za 20\u00a0a\u017e 30\u00a0milion\u016f let mohlo otev\u0159\u00edt mo\u0159e velikosti dne\u0161n\u00edho Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.zmescience.com\/science\/news-science\/africa-rift-valley-split-new-ocean\/<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/great-continental-rift-african-splitting-landmass-creating-ocean-basin\/<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2026\/04\/260424233204.htm<\/p>\n
https:\/\/earthlymission.com\/new-ocean-forming-africa-35-mile-crack-ethiopia-2005-dabbahu-fissure-afar-rift\/<\/p>\n
\n