{"id":78730,"date":"2026-05-07T18:11:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T18:11:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/78730\/"},"modified":"2026-05-07T18:11:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T18:11:22","slug":"decimace-ruskych-korvet-karakurt-nezachranilo-je-ani-uklizeni-na-balt-a-do-kaspickeho-more","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/78730\/","title":{"rendered":"Decimace rusk\u00fdch korvet Karakurt – nezachr\u00e1nilo je ani uklizen\u00ed na Balt a\u00a0do Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Korveta je nejmen\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou lod\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed korvety jsou plavidla s\u00a0v\u00fdtlakem 800\u00a0a\u017e 3000\u00a0t. Hojn\u011b je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlenit\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, operuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch a\u00a0z\u00e1livech. Zdaleka nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm u\u017eivatelem korvet v\u00a0pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed bylo sov\u011btsk\u00e9 a\u00a0rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo VMF (Vojenno Morskoj Flot).<\/p>\n

Sov\u011bti (Rusov\u00e9) term\u00edn korveta nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. V\u00a0jejich klasifikaci se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0mal\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 MRK (Malyj Raketnyj Korab\u013e) nebo mal\u00e9 protiponorkov\u00e9 plavidlo MPK (Malyj Protivolodo\u010dnyj Korab\u013e). V\u00fdvoj MRK byl zah\u00e1jen na konci 50.\u00a0let, na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyhodnocen\u00ed provozu raketov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f Projekt 183R Komar, Projekt 205\u00a0Moskit a\u00a0Projekt 206MP Vichr.<\/p>\n

VMF vydal po\u017eadavek na v\u00fdvoj v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch jednotek s\u00a0protiletadlovou a\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleckou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed, schopn\u00fdch operovat ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Nav\u00edc m\u011bly b\u00fdt tyto lod\u011b dod\u00e1van\u00e9 flot\u00e1m men\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 si nemohly dovolit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fregaty nebo torp\u00e9doborce. V\u00fdsledkem v\u00fdvoje byla po\u010detn\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda Projekt 1234\u00a0Ovod. Ovody se stav\u011bly v\u00a0letech 1967\u00a0a\u017e 1992.\u00a0Celkem bylo dokon\u010deno 47\u00a0jednotek, ve \u010dty\u0159ech subvariant\u00e1ch (v NATO k\u00f3du Nanuchka I\u00a0a\u017e IV). <\/p>\n

Foto: Black Leon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.<\/p>\n

MRK Projekt 1234 (Nanuchka) <\/p>\n

Na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed modernizace p\u016fvodn\u00ed koncepce Ovodu ji\u017e nem\u00e1 smysl a\u00a0bude nutn\u00e9 navrhnout zcela nov\u00e1 plavidla. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se za\u010d\u00ednaly objevovat lod\u011b s\u00a0prvky obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zjistitelnosti. To zahrnovalo mimo jin\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017e vertik\u00e1ln\u00edch odpalovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VLS (Vertical Launching System), kter\u00e1 \u201enetr\u010d\u00ed\u201c z\u00a0trupu, jsou mnohem univerz\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pru\u017en\u011b m\u011bnit sestavu v\u00fdzbroje podle pln\u011bn\u00e9 mise. K\u00a0pohonu se za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat m\u00edsto \u0161roub\u016f vodn\u00ed trysky (pump-jet), v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed, dosa\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00fdch rychlost\u00ed a\u00a0plavbu v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch. Oto\u010dn\u00e9 \u201ematrace\u201c radar\u016f nahradily ploch\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny s\u00a0vychylov\u00e1n\u00edm paprsku plo\u0161nou zm\u011bnou f\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

Foto: Anton Blinov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/p>\n

MRK Project 21630\u00a0Buyan <\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda MRK Projekt 21630\u00a0Bujan, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla tyto prvky zahrnut\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9 konstrukci, se stav\u011bla od roku 2005.\u00a0Od roku 2013\u00a0n\u00e1sledoval upraven\u00fd Projekt 21631\u00a0Bujan-M. Celkem bylo postaveno 3\u00a0plus 10\u00a0jednotek a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b jsou p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b MRK Bujan (M) byl projektovan\u00fd pro provoz v\u00a0pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech, respektive v\u00a0\u00fast\u00edch velk\u00fdch \u0159ek. Tomu odpov\u00eddal ponor 2,6\u00a0m.<\/p>\n

Foto: LeAZ-1977, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/p>\n

Model MRK Projekt 22800\u00a0na v\u00fdstav\u011b Armija 2016 <\/p>\n

V roce 2015\u00a0byl na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm vojensk\u00e9m veletrhu Armija v\u00a0Kubince, na st\u00e1nku n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e CMKB Almaz (Centralnoje morskoje konstruktorskoje bjuro), p\u0159edstaven nov\u00fd MRK Projekt 12300.\u00a0Lo\u010f m\u011bla ponor zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd na 4\u00a0m, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo lep\u0161\u00ed plavebn\u00ed vlastnosti na otev\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Po n\u011bkolika \u00faprav\u00e1ch bylo ozna\u010den\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011bno na Projekt 22800\u00a0Karakurt a\u00a0CMKB Almaz ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee dostala p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edslib na stavbu 18\u00a0plavidel.<\/p>\n

Velen\u00ed VMF vid\u011blo v\u00a0nov\u00fdch lod\u00edch levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1hradu fregat Projekt 11356R Burevestnik, jejich\u017e stavba se t\u00e1hla, kv\u016fli opo\u017e\u010fuj\u00edc\u00edm se dod\u00e1vk\u00e1m plynov\u00fdch turb\u00edn DT-59\u00a0a\u00a0DS-71\u00a0z\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu Zorja Ma\u0161projekt. MRK sice maj\u00ed slab\u0161\u00ed protiletadlovou a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dnou protiponorkovou v\u00fdzbroj, ale hlavn\u00ed \u00fadern\u00e1 s\u00edla, p\u0159edstavovan\u00e1 osmin\u00e1sobn\u00fdm VLS je stejn\u00e1 jako u\u00a0fregat.<\/p>\n

Foto: Okras, CC BY-SA 4.0<\/p>\n

MRK Uragan Projekt 22800\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b s\u00a0dvojic\u00ed AK-630M <\/p>\n

K\u00fdl prvn\u00ed jednotky, pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00e9 Uragan s\u00a0trupov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem (Bort No. 567), byl zalo\u017een 24.\u00a0prosince 2015\u00a0v\u00a0leningradsk\u00e9 lod\u011bnici Pella. Ta byla vybavena nov\u00fdmi skluzy a\u00a0manipula\u010dn\u00ed technikou, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed dostrojit prakticky celou lo\u010f \u201ena suchu\u201c, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje organizaci prac\u00ed a\u00a0celou logistiku. Do slu\u017eby v\u00a0Baltsk\u00e9 flot\u011b byla za\u0159azena v\u00a0prosinci 2018.\u00a0V\u00a0druh\u00e9m doku byl stejn\u00fd den zalo\u017een k\u00fdl sestersk\u00e9ho MRK Tajfun (577), p\u0159edan\u00e9ho o\u00a0necel\u00fd rok pozd\u011bji. Tyto dv\u011b \u201eprototypov\u00e9\u201c jednotky se od \u201es\u00e9riov\u00fdch\u201c li\u0161ily (viz d\u00e1le). Pozd\u011bji byla prvn\u00ed lo\u010f p\u0159ejmenovan\u00e1 na Miti\u0161\u010di, druh\u00e1 na Sov\u011btsk. T\u0159et\u00ed jednotkou za\u0159azenou do Baltsk\u00e9 floty byl MRK Odincovo (584).<\/p>\n

Trup MRK Karakurt vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu nerealizovan\u00fdch rychl\u00fdch raketov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f Projekt 12300\u00a0Skorpion. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pro MRK Karakurt bylo pot\u0159eba celou konstrukci v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159epracovat. Zm\u011bny se t\u00fdkaly hlavn\u011b v\u00fdzbroje a\u00a0elektronick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, co\u017e ovlivnilo celkov\u00fd tvar n\u00e1staveb. V\u00fdsledkem jsou mal\u00e1 rychl\u00e1 plavidla s\u00a0pln\u00fdm v\u00fdtlakem 870\u00a0t, d\u00e9lkou 67\u00a0m a\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed 30\u00a0uzl\u016f. Objem palivov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje dosah 4000\u00a0km p\u0159i plavb\u011b ekonomickou rychlost\u00ed 12\u00a0uzl\u016f. Z\u00e1soby sta\u010d\u00ed pos\u00e1dce 39\u00a0mu\u017e\u016f k\u00a0patn\u00e1ctidenn\u00edmu pobytu na mo\u0159i. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee lo\u010f m\u00e1 p\u016fsobit na otev\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i a\u00a0tak\u00e9 s\u00a0ohledem na cenu, se konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i vzdali vodn\u00edch trysek a\u00a0vr\u00e1tili se k\u00a0pohonu lodn\u00edmi \u0161rouby.<\/p>\n

Foto: Ivan Zajac, se svolen\u00edm autora<\/p>\n

MRK Odincovo (584) t\u0159\u00eddy Karakurt s\u00a0popisem<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu ponoru MRK Karakurt byl pro dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti 30\u00a0uzl\u016f nutn\u00fd mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, ne\u017e u\u00a0korvet ur\u010den\u00fdch jen pro pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti. Proto konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i zvolili t\u0159\u00ed\u0161roubov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0kombinovan\u00fdm pohonem diesel a\u00a0diesel CODAD (Combined Diesel and Diesel), kde v\u017edy dva dieselov\u00e9 motory poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159es spole\u010dnou p\u0159evodovku jeden \u0161roub. Pomoc\u00ed spojek je mo\u017en\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 plavba na jeden motor nebo plavba maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed na oba motory. Na odstaven\u00e9m motoru je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9mem bylo, kde vz\u00edt modern\u00ed motory s\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem. P\u016fvodn\u011b se po\u010d\u00edtalo s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f n\u011bmeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti MTU (Motoren und Turbinen Union) zalo\u017een\u00e9 ve Friedrichshafeu slouvutn\u00fdm panem Wilhelmem Maybachem. Alternativou byly plynov\u00e9 turb\u00edny spole\u010dnosti Rolls Royce Power Systems. Ob\u011b mo\u017enosti v\u0161ak padly po anexi Krymu a\u00a0uvalen\u00ed sankc\u00ed EU.<\/p>\n

Foto: Mil.ru, Public Domain<\/p>\n

Zdvojen\u00fd osmihv\u011bzdicov\u00fd motor celkem se 112\u00a0v\u00e1lci, jeden motor je v\u00fd\u0161e, proto\u017ee pod n\u00edm proch\u00e1z\u00ed hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel <\/p>\n

Nakonec konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i zvolili t\u0159i jednotky M507D-1\u00a0leningradsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Zvezda s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem 5884\u00a0kW ka\u017ed\u00e1. Jedn\u00e1 se dvojici vzn\u011btov\u00fdch osmihv\u011bzdicov\u00fdch, kapalinou chlazen\u00fdch 56-v\u00e1lc\u016f se zdvihov\u00fdm objemem 191,4\u00a0l, p\u0159epl\u0148ovan\u00fdch turbodmychadlem a\u00a0spojen\u00fdch spole\u010dnou p\u0159evodovkou. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 pohonn\u00e1 jednotka m\u00e1 tedy 112\u00a0v\u00e1lc\u016f (!) a\u00a0zdvihov\u00fd objem 383,8\u00a0l.<\/p>\n

Nejde o\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dnou novinku, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0m\u00edrn\u011b upraven\u00e9 pohonn\u00e9 jednotky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ji\u017e star\u00fdmi MRK Ovod (Nanuchka). P\u0159itom p\u016fvod tohoto dieselu se d\u00e1 vystopovat v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m leteck\u00e9m vzn\u011btov\u00e9m motoru Jumo, kter\u00fd Sov\u011bti uko\u0159istili v\u00a0roce 1945\u00a0ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm z\u00e1vod\u011b v\u00a0Dessau. Spole\u010dnost Zvezda se s\u00a0dod\u00e1vkami pro rusk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly dost pot\u00fdk\u00e1 a\u00a0dlouh\u00e9 dodac\u00ed doby jsou d\u016fvodem zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed stavby nov\u00fdch lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: Zvezda, Public Domain<\/p>\n

\u0158ez hv\u011bzdiciov\u00fdm motorem M507D-1 <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzbroj MRK t\u0159\u00eddy Karakurt tvo\u0159\u00ed osmin\u00e1sobn\u00e9 VLS typu 3S14, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u00e1stavb\u011b za sto\u017e\u00e1rem. Z\u00a0\u0161achet je mo\u017en\u00e9 odpalovat \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely s\u00a0plochou dr\u00e1hou letu typu 3M14\u00a0Kalibr NK (v NATO k\u00f3du SS-N-27\u00a0Sizzer), ur\u010den\u00e9 k\u00a0ni\u010den\u00ed pozemn\u00edch a\u00a0hladinov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. \u0158\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely maj\u00ed dolet 2000\u00a0km a\u00a0nesou tandemovou bojovou hlavici s\u00a0hmotnost\u00ed 450\u00a0kg. Jej\u00ed prekurzorov\u00e1 kumulativn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st prob\u00edj\u00ed panc\u00ed\u0159, zat\u00edmco trhav\u00e1 n\u00e1lo\u017e exploduje se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm uvnit\u0159 c\u00edle, aby byl zaji\u0161t\u011bn maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. Alternativn\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat nadzvukov\u00e9 P-800\u00a0Onyx (SS-N-26\u00a0Strobile) s\u00a0doletem 300\u00a0km.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleckou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed MRK Karakurt je na p\u0159\u00eddi um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e AK-176MA, co\u017e je modernizovan\u00e1 verze osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu AK-176.\u00a0V\u011b\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 obsluhovat na d\u00e1lku z\u00a0m\u016fstku dv\u011bma mu\u017ei nebo ru\u010dn\u011b, \u010dty\u0159\u010dlennou obsluhou p\u0159\u00edmo ve v\u011b\u017ei. Automatick\u00fd v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd kanon r\u00e1\u017ee 76\u00a0mm m\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kadenci 152\u00a0v\u00fdst\u0159el\u016f\/min. Kanon je vybaven omezova\u010dem na 30, 60\u00a0a\u00a0120\u00a0v\u00fdst\u0159el\u016f\/min, proto\u017ee p\u0159i maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kadenci je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyst\u0159\u00edlet jen 70\u00a0n\u00e1boj\u016f. Potom je nutn\u00e9 po\u010dkat 25\u00a0minut na ochlazen\u00ed hlavn\u011b. V\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edku pod v\u011b\u017e\u00ed je 152\u00a0n\u00e1boj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Foto: Mil.ru, Public Domain<\/p>\n

D\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e AK-176MA, pod hlavn\u00ed je hadice p\u0159\u00edvodu chlad\u00edc\u00ed kapaliny <\/p>\n

P\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed palby radarem \u041c\u0420-123\/176\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm na strop\u011b m\u016fstku je syst\u00e9m AK-176MA schopn\u00fd ni\u010dit letadla nebo \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely. \u00da\u010dinn\u00fd dost\u0159el je 12,5\u00a0km. \u00das\u0165ov\u00e1 rychlost t\u0159\u00ed\u0161tivo-trhav\u00fdch gran\u00e1t\u016f s\u00a0hmotnost\u00ed 5,9\u00a0kg dosahuje 860\u00a0m\/s. N\u00e1pl\u0148 trhaviny tvo\u0159\u00ed 400\u00a0g, zbytek p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na p\u0159edfragmentovan\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pos\u00edlen\u00ed protiletadlov\u00e9 v\u00fdzbroje<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed protiletadlovou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed prvn\u00edch dvou jednotek tvo\u0159il letit\u00fd syst\u00e9m AK-630M s\u00a0dv\u011bma v\u011b\u017eemi a\u00a0radioloka\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed palby MP-123-02\/03\u00a0Bagira. V\u011b\u017ee jsou vyzbrojen\u00e9 jedn\u00edm \u0161estihlav\u0148ov\u00fdm kapalinou chlazen\u00fdm kanonem G\u0160-6-30\u00a0r\u00e1\u017ee 30\u00a0mm, s\u00a0kadenc\u00ed 5000\u00a0v\u00fdst\u0159el\u016f\/min a\u00a0palebn\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem 3000\u00a0n\u00e1boj\u016f. Samotn\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e m\u00e1 8mm panc\u00ed\u0159, chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed st\u0159epinami. Obranu \u201evyztu\u017eovalo\u201c osm z\u00a0ramene odpalovan\u00fdch protiletadlov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el (PL\u0158S) 9K38\u00a0Igla-S nebo 9K333\u00a0Verba.<\/p>\n

Foto: mil.ru, Public Domain<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u017e PL syst\u00e9mu AK-630M s\u00a0\u0161etihlav\u0148ov\u00fdm rota\u010dn\u00edm kanonem <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed jednotky dostaly hybridn\u00ed protiletadlov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Pancir M, tvo\u0159en\u00fd dv\u011bma \u0161estihlav\u0148ov\u00fdmi kanony G\u0160-6-30\u00a0s\u00a0palebn\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem 1000\u00a0n\u00e1boj\u016f v\u00a0podpalubn\u00edch z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch. Celkem je na lod\u00edch 5000\u00a0n\u00e1boj\u016f pro ka\u017ed\u00fd kanon. Proto\u017ee efektivn\u00ed dost\u0159el nep\u0159evy\u0161uje 4\u00a0km je syst\u00e9m vybaven i\u00a0PL\u0158S.<\/p>\n

Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou \u010dty\u0159i kontejnery s\u00a0dvojstup\u0148ov\u00fdmi \u0158S 57E6E. Ty maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd dosah v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 1,2 – 20\u00a0km v\u00a0d\u00e1lce a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kov\u011b 15\u00a0m a\u017e 15\u00a0km. St\u0159ely dosahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti 1300\u00a0m\/s, kter\u00e1 kles\u00e1 vlivem odporu vzduchu na 800\u00a0m\/s ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 18\u00a0km. C\u00edl ni\u010d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed 20\u00a0kg t\u0159\u00ed\u0161tiv\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 hlavice, s\u00a05,5\u00a0kg trhaviny. Zbytek p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na st\u0159epiny. Iniciaci zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159ibli\u017eovac\u00ed zapalova\u010d ve vzd\u00e1lenosti kolem 7\u00a0m od c\u00edle. Na palub\u011b je dal\u0161\u00edch 32\u00a0raket v\u00a0jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch kontejnerech, skladovateln\u00fdch 15\u00a0let.<\/p>\n

Foto: mil.ru, Public Domain<\/p>\n

PL syst\u00e9m Pancir M montovan\u00fd od t\u0159et\u00ed jednotky <\/p>\n

Pancir M pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f dvojp\u00e1smov\u00fd 3D radiolok\u00e1tor s\u00a0pevn\u00fdmi ant\u00e9nami a\u00a0aktivn\u00edm vychylov\u00e1n\u00edm paprsku plo\u0161nou zm\u011bnou f\u00e1ze AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array). Jako z\u00e1loha pro p\u0159\u00edpad intenzivn\u00edho ru\u0161en\u00ed nebo pro pr\u00e1ci bez vlastn\u00edho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pasivn\u00ed optoelektronick\u00fd syst\u00e9m se samostatn\u00fdmi kan\u00e1ly pro viditeln\u00e9 a\u00a0infra\u010derven\u00e9 spektrum.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed dv\u011b jednotky MRK Karakurt byly pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hladinov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f vybaveny radiolok\u00e1torem Pozitiv MK, n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed Mineral MK pod typickou kupol\u00ed na n\u00e1stavb\u011b a\u00a0naviga\u010dn\u00edm radarem MP-231\u00a0Trassa. Ochranu lodi zaji\u0161\u0165uje syst\u00e9m radioelektronick\u00e9ho boje MP-405-1\u00a0a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i vrha\u010de klamn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f KT-216.\u00a0Na druhou stranu MRK Karakurt nemaj\u00ed protiponorkov\u00e9 senzory, ani v\u00fdzbroj. Na palub\u011b jsou jen protidiverzantsk\u00e9 gran\u00e1tomety DP-64\u00a0a\u00a0kulomety NSV Ut\u011bs r\u00e1\u017ee 12,7\u00a0mm. Pro zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed diverzant\u016f slou\u017e\u00ed hydroakustick\u00e1 stanice Anapa ME.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 z\u00a0t\u0159\u00eddy<\/p>\n

Celkem bylo objedn\u00e1no 16\u00a0korvet Karakurt. Ze sedmi ur\u010den\u00fdch pro Baltskou flotu byly prvn\u00ed t\u0159i jednotky za\u0159azeny do slu\u017eby. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i jsou spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 na vodu, dostavuj\u00ed se nebo proch\u00e1zej\u00ed zkou\u0161kami. Ze \u010dty\u0159 korvet ur\u010den\u00fdch pro \u010cernomo\u0159skou flotu (\u010cMF) byla jedna potopena a\u00a0jedna po\u0161kozena, tak\u017ee ve slu\u017eb\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed MRK Tu\u010da (606) a\u00a0Tajfun (648). MRK Amur ur\u010den\u00e1 pro Kaspickou flotilu byla tak\u00e9 po\u0161kozena. Ze \u010dty\u0159 jednotek ur\u010den\u00fdch pro Tichomo\u0159skou flotu jsou dv\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 na vodu a\u00a0teoreticky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt letos za\u0159azen\u00e9 do slu\u017eby a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b v\u00a0roce 2027.\u00a0Z\u00a0korvet Karakurt za\u0159azen\u00fdch do slu\u017eby p\u0159i\u0161li Rusov\u00e9 zhruba o\u00a0t\u0159etinu. <\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 korvety byly od za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky celkem pochopiteln\u011b trnem v\u00a0oku ukrajinsk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m. Ty vynalo\u017eily zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na jejich zni\u010den\u00ed nebo alespo\u0148 po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Jako prvn\u00ed byla 4.\u00a0listopadu 2023\u00a0v\u00a0ker\u010dsk\u00e9 lod\u011bnici zasa\u017eena britsko-francouzskou st\u0159elou s\u00a0plochou dr\u00e1hou letu Storm Shadow\/SCALP EG korveta Askold. Jednalo se o\u00a0dev\u00e1tou jednotku t\u0159\u00eddy Karakurt a\u00a0druhou u\u010denou pro \u010cernomo\u0159skou flotu (\u010cMF). V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021\u00a0byla spu\u0161t\u011bna na vodu a\u00a0po\u0161kozena byla je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed za\u0159azen\u00edm do slu\u017eby. Ze satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f byly z\u0159ejm\u00e9 dva z\u00e1sahy na levoboku. Jeden v\u00a0prostoru n\u00e1stavby s\u00a0PL syst\u00e9mem Pancir M a\u00a0druh\u00fd na m\u016fstku. Viditeln\u00e9 bylo tak\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed doku po\u017e\u00e1rem, asi 10\u00a0m od lodi. Rusov\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed lodi p\u0159iznali.<\/p>\n

Foto: Kremlin.ru, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0.<\/p>\n

MRK Askold a\u00a0Cyklon b\u011bhem stavby<\/p>\n

Jako druh\u00e1 byla balistickou raketou syst\u00e9mu MGM-140\u00a0ATACMS (Army Tactical Missile System) 19.\u00a0kv\u011btna 2024\u00a0potopen MRK Cyklon (633). Jednalo se osmou jednotku t\u0159\u00eddy a\u00a0prvn\u00ed ur\u010denou pro \u010cMF. Lo\u010f byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nov\u00e1. Do slu\u017eby byla za\u0159azena 12.\u00a0\u010dervence 2023.\u00a0K\u00a0z\u00e1sahu do\u0161lo v\u00a0sevastopolsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavu. Na palub\u011b zahynulo \u0161est mu\u017e\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch 11\u00a0bylo zran\u011bno. Rusov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1tu potvrdili.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed zasa\u017eenou korvetou t\u0159\u00eddy Karakurt je MRK Amur (646), celkov\u011b des\u00e1t\u00e1 jednotka, prvn\u00ed a\u00a0jedin\u00e1 ur\u010den\u00e1 pro Kaspickou flotilu (KFl). K\u00fdl MRK s\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem 803\u00a0byl zalo\u017een v\u00a0lod\u011bnici Zaliv ve m\u011bst\u011b Ker\u010d 30.\u00a0\u010dervence 2017.\u00a0Lo\u010f byla spu\u0161t\u011bna na vodu a\u017e 26.\u00a0prosince 2022.\u00a0P\u0159ej\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky byly ukon\u010den\u00e9 26.\u00a0srpna 2024, kdy byla lo\u010f pod jm\u00e9nem Amur za\u0159azena do stavu KFl s\u00a0palubn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem 646.<\/p>\n

Foto: Mil.ru, Public Domain<\/p>\n

MRK Amur (646) v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edho mola<\/p>\n

MRK Amur byl p\u0159id\u011blen 106.\u00a0brig\u00e1d\u011b plavidel pro ochranu vodn\u00edho prostoru s\u00a0mate\u0159sk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavem v\u00a0Kaspijsku, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 250.\u00a0gardov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu hladinov\u00fdch plavidel (25.\u00a0GDNK – Gvard\u011bjskij Divizion Nadvodnych Korablej), kter\u00fd m\u011bl kr\u00fdt operace 242.\u00a0odd\u00edlu v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch plavidel. Do sestavy 25.\u00a0GDNK pat\u0159\u00ed fregaty Tatarstan (691) a\u00a0Dagestan (693) ob\u011b Projekt 11661\u00a0Gepard, korvety Grad Svija\u017esk (695), Ugli\u010d (653) a\u00a0Velikoj Ustjug (651), v\u0161echny Projekt 21631\u00a0Bujan-M a\u00a0\u0161est raketov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f.<\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu 2025\u00a0v\u0161ak byl Amur p\u0159evelen k\u00a0Baltsk\u00e9 flot\u011b. Proplul syst\u00e9mem vnitrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest a\u00a0p\u0159ipojil se ke skupin\u011b lod\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstavu Petrovskaja v\u00a0Kron\u0161tadtu. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byl dislokov\u00e1n v\u00a0Primorsku, co\u017e je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00fd ropn\u00fd termin\u00e1l v\u00a0cel\u00e9 oblasti. Jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem byla obrana termin\u00e1lu p\u0159ed \u00fatoky ukrajinsk\u00fdch dron\u016f. Podle kus\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdm velitelst\u00edm operac\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sil byl z\u00e1sah veden z\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed na vzd\u00e1lenost 900 – 1000\u00a0km. Amur m\u011bl \u00fadajn\u011b na palub\u011b pln\u00fd palebn\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br osmi \u0158S 3M14\u00a0Kalibr. <\/p>\n

Foto: mil.ru, Public Domain<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1\u010f MRK Amur (646) s\u00a0PL syst\u00e9memem Pancir M<\/p>\n

K \u00fatoku byla pou\u017eita bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikovan\u00e1 verze dronu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vzhledem ke vzd\u00e1lenosti c\u00edle p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0\u00favahu Fire Point FP-1\u00a0s\u00a0doletem 1600\u00a0km p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed 60kg bojov\u00e9 hlavice, Antonov An-196\u00a0Liutyi s\u00a0doletem a\u017e 2000\u00a0km p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed 50kg hlavice nebo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Sichen s\u00a0doletem 1400\u00a0km se 40kg hlavic\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle posledn\u00edch, zat\u00edm nepotvrzen\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, se ukrajinsk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m, v\u00a0noci 7.\u00a0kv\u011btna 2026, poda\u0159ilo zas\u00e1hnout dal\u0161\u00ed korvetu t\u0159\u00eddy Karakurt. Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed up\u0159esn\u011bno kterou, ani jak\u00e9 \u0161kody byly zp\u016fsobeny. V\u00a0\u00favahu p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed jen dv\u011b: MRK Tu\u010da (606), za\u0159azen\u00e1 do slu\u017eby 21.\u00a0prosince 2024\u00a0\u00a0nebo Tajfun (648), za\u0159azen\u00fd do slu\u017eby 28.\u00a08.\u00a02025, ob\u011b pa\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do stavu 41.\u00a0brig\u00e1dy raketov\u00fdch lod\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dlun\u016f s\u00a0velitelstv\u00edm v\u00a0Sevastopolu.<\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159edstavu, kolik v\u00e1lka stoj\u00ed. Cena MRK Karakurt je 34\u00a0mil USD. Cena jedn\u00e9 st\u0159ely Storm Shadow se ud\u00e1v\u00e1 na 2,5\u00a0mil USD. St\u0159ela syst\u00e9mu MGM-140\u00a0ATACMS p\u0159ijde zhruba na 1,7\u00a0mil USD. Drony FP1\u00a0stoj\u00ed 55\u00a0000\u00a0USD, Antonov An-196\u00a0se d\u00e1 po\u0159\u00eddit za 200\u00a0000\u00a0USD.<\/p>\n

Pokud se v\u00e1m \u010dl\u00e1nek l\u00edbil, vyu\u017eijte mo\u017enost sledovat autora, aby v\u00e1m neunikly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 novinky.<\/p>\n

Do\u010detli jste a\u017e sem? Podpo\u0159te autora libovolnou \u010d\u00e1stkou.<\/p>\n

Grotnik, Tomasz, Russian Navy: New Ships Milestones in December 2024<\/p>\n

Suciu, Peter, Russia’s New Karakurt-class Corvette: A ‚Cruise Missile Carrying Beast<\/p>\n

New Russian naval corvette damaged in Ukraine cruise missile attack on Crimea base“. The Independent. 2023-11-09.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043b\u044c-\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0414\u0413\u0410-100; \u0414\u0413\u0410-315; \u0414\u0413\u0410- 500-4.\u00a0\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0430-\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043b\u044c – \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n

Corvette Project 22800\u00a0Karakurt | Catalog Rosoboronexport<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Korveta je nejmen\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou lod\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed korvety jsou plavidla s\u00a0v\u00fdtlakem 800\u00a0a\u017e 3000\u00a0t. Hojn\u011b je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78731,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[1720,441,1132,1073,61,54,110,113,645,56,77,1717,53,52,437],"class_list":{"0":"post-78730","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-dejiny","9":"tag-historie","10":"tag-muzi","11":"tag-pribeh","12":"tag-rusko","13":"tag-svet","14":"tag-ukrajina","15":"tag-usa","16":"tag-valka","17":"tag-valka-rusko-ukrajina","18":"tag-veda","19":"tag-vzdelavani","20":"tag-world","21":"tag-world-news","22":"tag-zajimavosti"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116534646328625385","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78730\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}