{"id":79484,"date":"2026-05-08T13:46:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T13:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/79484\/"},"modified":"2026-05-08T13:46:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T13:46:08","slug":"nemci-vyvijeji-osmivalec-ktery-nevypousti-emise-co%e2%82%82-pracuje-na-principu-znamem-desitky-let-vtm-cz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/79484\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bmci vyv\u00edjej\u00ed osmiv\u00e1lec, kter\u00fd nevypou\u0161t\u00ed emise CO\u2082. Pracuje na principu zn\u00e1m\u00e9m des\u00edtky let \u2013 VTM.cz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spalovac\u00ed motor bez emis\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho? To zn\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 jak recept na \u0161patn\u00e9 sci-fi. V tomhle p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to ale pravda a dokonce se jedn\u00e1 o plnotu\u010dn\u00fd osmiv\u00e1lec.<\/p>\n

Fraunhoferova institutu pro mikrotechnologie a\u00a0mikrosyst\u00e9my IMM v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Mainzu (Mohu\u010di) pln\u00ed jeden automobilov\u00fd sen. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Ameri\u010dany jeho odborn\u00edci postavili osmiv\u00e1lec o\u00a0objemu 6,6 litru, kter\u00fd neprodukuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 emise CO2. M\u00edsto fosiln\u00edho paliva, jak\u00fdm je benzin nebo nafta, spaluje motor \u010dpavek (amoniak), tedy slou\u010deninu vod\u00edku a\u00a0dus\u00edku.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod cel\u00e9ho projektu je v\u00a0po\u017eadavku spole\u010dnosti First Ammonia Motors (FAM) z\u00a0americk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edna. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 jej hodlaj\u00ed brzy uv\u00e9st na trh v\u00a0roli alternativn\u00edho pohonu vozidel. Technicky nejde o\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dnou horkou novinku, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0opr\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0hlavn\u011b vylep\u0161en\u00ed star\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Motory spaluj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dpavek existovaly ji\u017e p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let. Nav\u00edc princip spalov\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u010deniny dus\u00edku a\u00a0vod\u00edku v\u00a0roli pohonu je zn\u00e1m ji\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed. Za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky poh\u00e1n\u011bl \u010dpavek v\u00a0Belgii nap\u0159\u00edklad autobusy.<\/p>\n


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V\u00a0letectv\u00ed se vyu\u017eil jako palivo do raketov\u00fdch motor\u016f experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje North American X-15. Takov\u00fd p\u0159edch\u016fdce raketopl\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00fd v\u00a060. letech dos\u00e1hl rychlosti 6 Mach\u016f, tedy \u0161estin\u00e1sobku rychlosti zvuku p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 na st\u0159edn\u00ed hladinu mo\u0159e. \u010cpavek m\u00e1 obecn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdh\u0159evnost ne\u017e jin\u00e1 paliva, p\u0159i jeho spalov\u00e1n\u00ed ale nevznikaj\u00ed saze, a\u00a0tud\u00ed\u017e nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed motoru. Probl\u00e9m ale po l\u00e9ta p\u0159edstavovala pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba amoniaku.<\/p>\n

\u010cpavek se sice vyskytuje tak\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed se v\u0161ak vyr\u00e1b\u00ed, a\u00a0to p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vysokotlakou synt\u00e9zou plynn\u00e9ho vod\u00edku a\u00a0dus\u00edku (tzv. Haber\u016fv\u2013Bosch\u016fv proces). \u010cpavek je nav\u00edc toxick\u00fd, bezbarv\u00fd a\u00a0leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba je obecn\u011b vzato energeticky dost n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Do budoucna se ale po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee by zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 energie pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b poch\u00e1zela z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. To by produkci zlevnilo a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 by ji u\u010dinilo mnohem ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji by se tak\u00e9 vod\u00edk mohl z\u00edsk\u00e1vat elektrol\u00fdzou za pomoci energie z\u00edskan\u00e9 ze sol\u00e1r\u016f a\u00a0v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. Jde o\u00a0stejn\u00fd princip jako p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b e-paliv.<\/p>\n

\"imgi_4_9829958.jpeg\"<\/a>\"imgi_6_9829959.jpeg\"<\/a>
Motor V8 spaluj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dpavek.<\/p>\n

Pokud se \u010dpavek pou\u017eije jako alternativa k\u00a0fosiln\u00edm paliv\u016fm, v\u00fdh\u0159evnost amoniaku je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovi\u010dn\u00ed oproti naft\u011b. \u010cpavek m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zhruba t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotu bodu samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed. Proto se v\u00a0minulosti muselo do motor\u016f p\u0159i jeho spalov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vat fosiln\u00ed palivo, nap\u0159\u00edklad nafta nebo metanol.<\/p>\n

Motor, kter\u00fd vze\u0161el z\u00a0po\u017eadavk\u016f spole\u010dnosti FAM, \u0159e\u0161\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd probl\u00e9m procesem zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako krakov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159i n\u011bm se \u010d\u00e1st amoniaku rozlo\u017e\u00ed na mal\u00e9 molekuly. Energie pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 ke \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed amoniaku se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00a0odpadn\u00edho tepla motoru. P\u0159edt\u00edm je ov\u0161em t\u0159eba agreg\u00e1t oh\u0159\u00e1t na provozn\u00ed teplotu za pomoci elekt\u0159iny. Vod\u00edk, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i krakov\u00e1n\u00ed, se p\u0159i b\u011bhu motoru pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edsada. Z\u00a0v\u00fdfuku tak jde pouze vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra a\u00a0dus\u00edk. Spole\u010dnost IMM uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee zku\u0161ebn\u00ed motor, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159estav\u011bn na spalov\u00e1n\u00ed amoniaku, vy\u017eadoval jen minimum \u00faprav. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na syst\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpravy sm\u011bsi.<\/p>\n

IMM ji\u017e sv\u016fj osmiv\u00e1lec na nekonven\u010dn\u00ed palivo zkou\u0161\u00ed, a\u00a0sice ve star\u0161\u00edm pick-upu Chevrolet \u0159ady C, kter\u00fd je p\u0159edch\u016fdcem modelu Silverado. Dle spole\u010dnosti FAM trv\u00e1 tankov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dpavku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b dlouho jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b benzinu. A\u00a0tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee ceny amoniaku budou brzy na \u00farovni cen benzinu.<\/p>\n

Zdroje a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed informace:\u00a0Auto Bild, Wikipedia, Fraunhofer IMM<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Spalovac\u00ed motor bez emis\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho? To zn\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 jak recept na \u0161patn\u00e9 sci-fi. V tomhle p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79485,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68],"class_list":{"0":"post-79484","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-byznys","8":"tag-business","9":"tag-byznys"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116539266693998262","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79484\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}