{"id":79555,"date":"2026-05-08T15:17:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T15:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/79555\/"},"modified":"2026-05-08T15:17:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T15:17:11","slug":"kdyz-prisli-osvoboditele-ruda-armada-rabovala-a-znasilnovala-vojaci-neusetrili-ani-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/79555\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li osvoboditel\u00e9: Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da rabovala a\u00a0zn\u00e1sil\u0148ovala, voj\u00e1ci neu\u0161et\u0159ili ani d\u011bti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e se v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1945\u00a0za\u010dala hroutit nacistick\u00e1 moc v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatel \u010ceskoslovenska pro\u017e\u00edvala obrovskou \u00falevu. Po \u0161esti letech okupace, teroru a\u00a0strachu p\u0159ich\u00e1zel konec v\u00e1lky. Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da postupovala \u010desk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a\u00a0ve m\u011bstech ji v\u00edtaly tis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Ulice byly pln\u00e9 emoc\u00ed, \u0161e\u0159\u00edk\u016f, improvizovan\u00fdch oslav a\u00a0pocitu, \u017ee jedna z\u00a0nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kapitol \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin definitivn\u011b skon\u010dila.<\/p>\n

Komunist\u00e9 o\u00a0hr\u016fz\u00e1ch ml\u010deli<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0t\u011bchto dnech za\u010dal vznikat i\u00a0jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Mnohem temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0dlouh\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyt\u011bsn\u011bn\u00fd z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debaty. Vedle skute\u010dn\u00e9ho osvobozen\u00ed toti\u017e doch\u00e1zelo tak\u00e9 k\u00a0n\u00e1sil\u00ed, rabov\u00e1n\u00ed, vra\u017ed\u00e1m, \u00fanos\u016fm nebo sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm p\u00e1chan\u00fdm n\u011bkter\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Ne\u0161lo o\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 incidenty, ale o\u00a0fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00fd zas\u00e1hl r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010ceskoslovenska a\u00a0kter\u00fd komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim po roce 1948\u00a0prakticky vymazal z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n

Dnes je toto t\u00e9ma st\u00e1le citliv\u00e9. Jakmile se mluv\u00ed o\u00a0zlo\u010dinech voj\u00e1k\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, velmi rychle vznik\u00e1 obava, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 debata relativizuje pod\u00edl Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu na por\u00e1\u017ece nacismu. Jen\u017ee historie b\u00fdv\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e propaganda. Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da skute\u010dn\u011b nesla hlavn\u00ed t\u00edhu boj\u016f na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b a\u00a0bez jej\u00edho postupu by nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nepadlo v\u00a0podob\u011b, jakou zn\u00e1me z\u00a0historie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f se po vstupu do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy dopou\u0161t\u011bla z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. Ttato dvojzna\u010dnost je pro pochopen\u00ed roku 1945\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Foto: Wikimedia Commons\/PDM 1.0\/Deed<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edjezd Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy do Lys\u00e9 nad Labem<\/p>\n

V \u010desk\u00e9 kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti dlouho existoval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b obraz Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jako heroick\u00e9 osvoboditelsk\u00e9 s\u00edly. Tento obraz nebyl \u00fapln\u011b nepravdiv\u00fd, ale byl siln\u011b idealizovan\u00fd. Po \u00fanoru 1948\u00a0se nav\u00edc stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed ideologie. Komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim budoval kult sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho osvobozen\u00ed a\u00a0jak\u00e1koliv kritick\u00e1 debata o\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f byla prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e1. Historie se zm\u011bnila v\u00a0politick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj. Proto se o\u00a0mnoha ud\u00e1lostech dlouh\u00e9 roky ml\u010delo.<\/p>\n

Kradli, rabovali a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili strach<\/p>\n

\u0158ada sv\u011bdectv\u00ed za\u010dala b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u011b publikov\u00e1na a\u017e po roce 1989.\u00a0Historici, pam\u011btn\u00edci i\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u00ed badatel\u00e9 postupn\u011b za\u010dali skl\u00e1dat obraz reality, kter\u00e1 byla mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed komunistick\u00e1 verze d\u011bjin. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee vedle osvobozen\u00ed existovala i\u00a0druh\u00e1 str\u00e1nka p\u0159\u00edchodu Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, tedy chaos posledn\u00edch dn\u016f v\u00e1lky, rozpad discipl\u00edny n\u011bkter\u00fdch jednotek a\u00a0brutalita, kterou si civiln\u00ed obyvatelstvo \u010dasto neslo jako trauma po cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m stavu se sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nach\u00e1zela. Voj\u00e1ci Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy pro\u0161li nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed frontou druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Miliony z\u00a0nich za\u017eily vyp\u00e1len\u00e9 vesnice, masov\u00e9 vra\u017edy civilist\u016f, hlad i\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed nacistick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na v\u00fdchod\u011b. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 propaganda nav\u00edc systematicky podporovala nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di N\u011bmc\u016fm a\u00a0\u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159ela atmosf\u00e9ru kolektivn\u00ed pomsty.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se pak voj\u00e1ci dostali do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy, p\u0159inesli si s\u00a0sebou nejen zku\u0161enost v\u00e1lky, ale i\u00a0pocit v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo br\u00e1t si od pora\u017een\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cokoliv. A\u00a0v t\u00e9to atmosf\u00e9\u0159e za\u010dalo doch\u00e1zet k\u00a0rabov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1sil\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fatok\u016fm na civilisty. Velmi \u010dast\u00e9 byly kr\u00e1de\u017ee hodinek, j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol, \u0161perk\u016f nebo potravin. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 jednotky zabavovaly automobily, alkohol nebo hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. V\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u0161lo o\u00a0spont\u00e1nn\u00ed rabov\u00e1n\u00ed, jinde o\u00a0organizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ko\u0159isti\u201c. <\/p>\n

Foto: Wikimedia Commons\/CC-BY-3.0\/Aktron <\/p>\n

Pam\u011btn\u00ed deska Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na Vysok\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b v\u00a0Rakovn\u00edku<\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1silnili \u017eenu i\u00a0desetiletou dceru<\/p>\n

Obyvatel\u00e9 mnoha m\u011bst a\u00a0vesnic si po v\u00e1lce \u0161eptem p\u0159ed\u00e1vali historky o\u00a0voj\u00e1c\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0opilosti st\u0159\u00edleli do vzduchu, vnikali do dom\u016f nebo vyhro\u017eovali civilist\u016fm. Nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm t\u00e9matem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Historici dnes potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee k\u00a0zn\u00e1sil\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een doch\u00e1zelo prakticky v\u00a0cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, kam Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vstoupila. \u010ceskoslovensko nebylo v\u00fdjimkou. P\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla neexistuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee mnoho ob\u011bt\u00ed o\u00a0sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech nikdy ve\u0159ejn\u011b nemluvilo. \u201eV \u010cesku po\u0159\u00e1d neradi sly\u0161\u00edte, \u017ee to nebylo jen osvobozen\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161lo z\u00e1rove\u0148 i\u00a0o n\u00e1silnou okupaci,\u201c podivuje se nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd historik Adrian von Arbur. Stud a\u00a0pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra \u010dasto vedly k\u00a0celo\u017eivotn\u00edmu ml\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Situaci nav\u00edc pozd\u011bji komplikoval komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim, kter\u00fd jakoukoliv kritiku Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy pova\u017eoval za nep\u0159\u00e1telskou propagandu. \u201eDvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho sedm\u00e9ho dubna potk\u00e1v\u00e1m v\u00a0Brn\u011b sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Strhan\u00e9 rysy obli\u010deje, uplakan\u00e9 o\u010di. V\u00a0noci vtrhlo k\u00a0n\u011bmu n\u011bkolik voj\u00e1k\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a\u00a0cht\u011bli zn\u00e1silnit jeho \u017eenu. Jeho sta\u0159i\u010dk\u00fd otec klekl na kolena a\u00a0\u0159\u00edkal jim, \u017ee po \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9m \u017eal\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se vr\u00e1til z\u00a0koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora, a\u00a0prosil, aby u\u0161et\u0159ili rodinu. Byl pu\u0161kou surov\u011b odstr\u010den. Voj\u00e1ky byla pak zn\u00e1siln\u011bna nejen \u017eena l\u00e9ka\u0159e, ale i\u00a0desetilet\u00e1 dceru\u0161ka,\u201c vzpom\u00ednal t\u0159eba jeden z\u00a0pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f. Voj\u00e1ci tak neu\u0161et\u0159ili ani d\u011bti. Ostatn\u011b, podobn\u00e9 hr\u016fzy se d\u011bj\u00ed i\u00a0v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b, rusov\u00e9 p\u0159evzali prakticky sov\u011btsk\u00fdch \u201eosvoboditel\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou roli hr\u00e1l i\u00a0alkohol<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 regiony byly zasa\u017eeny v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e jin\u00e9. Ukazovalo se, \u017ee situace \u010dasto z\u00e1visela na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jednotce, veliteli nebo discipl\u00edn\u011b voj\u00e1k\u016f. Existovaly sov\u011btsk\u00e9 odd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se v\u016f\u010di civiln\u00edmu obyvatelstvu chovaly relativn\u011b korektn\u011b. Jin\u00e9 naopak za sebou zanech\u00e1valy atmosf\u00e9ru strachu. D\u016fle\u017eitou roli hr\u00e1l tak\u00e9 alkohol. Mnoho lid\u00ed popisovalo opil\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed po osvobozen\u00ed m\u011bst ztr\u00e1celi kontrolu a\u00a0dopou\u0161t\u011bli se n\u00e1silnost\u00ed. Chaos posledn\u00edch dn\u016f v\u00e1lky nav\u00edc znamenal, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc prakticky nefungovala a\u00a0mo\u017enost trestat podobn\u00e9 \u010diny byla minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. A\u00a0beztrestnost byla jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed sice form\u00e1ln\u011b zakazovalo rabov\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0n\u00e1sil\u00ed v\u016f\u010di civilist\u016fm, ale realita byla mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech nebyly incidenty vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1ny nebo kon\u010dily bez v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch trest\u016f. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady nav\u00edc m\u011bly jen omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak proti sov\u011btsk\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm zasahovat. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla v\u00a0pozici v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 mocnosti a\u00a0jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed bylo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00e9. Zde za\u010d\u00ednal vznikat nov\u00fd mocensk\u00fd vztah mezi \u010ceskoslovenskem a\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem.<\/p>\n

Kritika Sov\u011bt\u016f byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1<\/p>\n

Rok 1945\u00a0nebyl jen koncem nacistick\u00e9 okupace, ale tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tkem sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho vlivu ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. P\u0159\u00edtomnost Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy m\u011bla nejen vojensk\u00fd, ale i\u00a0psychologick\u00fd a\u00a0politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Sov\u011bti byli vn\u00edm\u00e1ni jako osvoboditel\u00e9 a\u00a0tento status jim poskytoval obrovsk\u00fd vliv na pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b. Kritizovat chov\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f tak bylo st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: Wikimedia Commons\/C-BY-SA-4.0\/Self-published work\/Ji\u0159\u00ed Kom\u00e1rek<\/p>\n

Pam\u00e1tn\u00edk osvobozen\u00ed Rudou arm\u00e1dou, Hamry, Plumlov, okres Prost\u011bjov<\/p>\n

Po roce 1948\u00a0se situace zm\u011bnila definitivn\u011b. Komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim vytvo\u0159il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 posv\u00e1tn\u00fd obraz Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, filmech i\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch byli sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci zobrazov\u00e1ni v\u00fdhradn\u011b jako hrdinov\u00e9. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 debata o\u00a0zlo\u010dinech nebo n\u00e1sil\u00ed prakticky neexistovala. Pam\u011btn\u00edci \u010dasto ml\u010deli ze strachu nebo pocitu, \u017ee jejich zku\u0161enost nikdo nechce sly\u0161et. To m\u011blo dlouhodob\u00e9 d\u016fsledky i\u00a0po p\u00e1du komunismu.<\/p>\n

Po roce 1989\u00a0se toti\u017e \u010desk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost ocitla mezi dv\u011bma extr\u00e9my. Jedna \u010d\u00e1st ve\u0159ejnosti cht\u011bla zachovat tradi\u010dn\u00ed obraz osvoboditel\u016f a\u00a0zd\u016fraz\u0148ovala rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu p\u0159i por\u00e1\u017ece nacismu. Druh\u00e1 naopak za\u010dala poukazovat na n\u00e1sil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci p\u00e1chali. Debata se \u010dasto m\u011bnila v\u00a0ideologick\u00fd st\u0159et m\u00edsto snahy pochopit historickou realitu v\u00a0cel\u00e9 jej\u00ed slo\u017eitosti. Proto je toto t\u00e9ma dodnes tak citliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Osvoboditel\u00e9? Ano, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1siln\u00edci a\u00a0okupanti<\/p>\n

Historie toti\u017e nen\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e1. Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da skute\u010dn\u011b osvobodila \u010ceskoslovensko od nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f se dopou\u0161t\u011bla \u010din\u016f, kter\u00e9 zanechaly hlubok\u00e1 traumata. Oboj\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pravda sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b schopnost p\u0159ijmout tuto slo\u017eitost je dnes nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ne proto, abychom p\u0159episovali d\u011bjiny, ale abychom jim kone\u010dn\u011b rozum\u011bli bez propagandy, idealizace i\u00a0jednoduch\u00fdch slogan\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zdroje: autorsk\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e se v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1945\u00a0za\u010dala hroutit nacistick\u00e1 moc v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatel \u010ceskoslovenska pro\u017e\u00edvala obrovskou \u00falevu. Po \u0161esti letech okupace,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78338,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[8886,2209,4355,12296,21516,2213,54,645,53,52,828],"class_list":{"0":"post-79555","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-ceskoslovensko","9":"tag-druha-svetova-valka","10":"tag-nasili","11":"tag-osvobozeni","12":"tag-ruda-armada","13":"tag-sovetsky-svaz","14":"tag-svet","15":"tag-valka","16":"tag-world","17":"tag-world-news","18":"tag-zakon"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116539624399239880","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79555\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}