Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd re\u017eim na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku p\u0159i\u0161el o st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edho spojence. Venezuela pom\u00e1hala t\u011b\u017ece zkou\u0161en\u00fd karibsk\u00fd ostrov udr\u017eovat v chodu. Kuba za\u010dala ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm objemu dov\u00e1\u017eet ropu z Venezuely u\u017e na p\u0159elomu 90. let a nov\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, kdy se v Caracasu ujal moci levicov\u00fd prezident Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. Venezuelsk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky tehdy pomohly Havan\u011b p\u0159ekonat hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Kuba za surovinu \u010dasto platila nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdm\u011bnou za pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu kub\u00e1nsk\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a profesor\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Caracas Kub\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eel v pr\u016fm\u011bru 27 tis\u00edc barel\u016f denn\u011b, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zhruba 50 procent\u016fm pot\u0159eb ostrova. Havana sice \u010d\u00e1st energetick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 i dod\u00e1vkami z Mexika a Ruska, ztr\u00e1ta venezuelsk\u00e9 ropy je ale pro Kubu drtiv\u00e1, jeliko\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 nejen pro dopravu a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm energetiku, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Na Kub\u011b chyb\u00ed j\u00eddlo, l\u00e9ky i proud<\/p>\n
Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd re\u017eim se nyn\u00ed podle americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa nach\u00e1z\u00ed na pokraji kolapsu. Karibsk\u00fd st\u00e1t se v posledn\u00edch letech pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdpadky elekt\u0159iny, dod\u00e1vek vody, nedostatkem potravin a dal\u0161\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed i \u0159ady l\u00e9k\u016f. Z ostrova proto uprchly stovky tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Ponur\u00fd obr\u00e1zek ekonomick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 situace dramaticky zhor\u0161ila pandemie covidu-19, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila v\u00fdpadek p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z cestovn\u00edho ruchu. Byli to toti\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b turist\u00e9 a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investo\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed pomohli Kub\u011b p\u0159ekonat ekonomickou krizi po p\u00e1du Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v roce 1991.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Dlouhodob\u011b na Kubu dopad\u00e1 tak\u00e9 americk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed embargo, kter\u00e9 plat\u00ed u\u017e od \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Vztahy mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Kubou se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161ily pot\u00e9, co se v roce 1959 v Havan\u011b chopili moci komunist\u00e9 veden\u00ed Fidelem Castrem a za\u010dali na ostrov\u011b budovat takzvan\u00fd karibsk\u00fd socialismus. Ten zahrnoval i zest\u00e1tn\u011bn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159ady americk\u00fdch. V roce 1961 pak ob\u011b zem\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161ily diplomatick\u00e9 vztahy.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ostrov se nevzpamatoval z Fidela a karibsk\u00e9 krize<\/p>\n
Situace eskalovala karibskou kriz\u00ed v roce 1962, kdy se sv\u011bt ocitl na pokraji jadern\u00e9ho konfliktu. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyhl\u00e1sily b\u011bhem jednoho z nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch moment\u016f studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed blok\u00e1du Kuby pot\u00e9, co jejich pr\u016fzkumn\u00e1 letadla odhalila rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch raket jen n\u011bkolik stovek kilometr\u016f od americk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Moskva cht\u011bla t\u00edmto krokem vyrovnat strategickou p\u0159evahu USA a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ochr\u00e1nit re\u017eim Fidela Castra, kter\u00fd se po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 invazi exulant\u016f v Z\u00e1toce svin\u00ed ocitl pod siln\u00fdm tlakem Washingtonu. N\u00e1sledovalo n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed dramatick\u00e9ho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, vojensk\u00e9 pohotovosti a v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eek, b\u011bhem nich\u017e ob\u011b strany mobilizovaly sv\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 s\u00edly.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Krize skon\u010dila dohodou mezi prezidentem Johnem F. Kennedym a sov\u011btsk\u00fdm v\u016fdcem Nikitou Chru\u0161\u010dovem. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz st\u00e1hl rakety z Kuby, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se zav\u00e1zaly ostrov nenapadnout a tajn\u011b odstranily sv\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 st\u0159ely z Turecka. V\u00fdsledkem bylo zaveden\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed linky mezi Washingtonem a Moskvou a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed prvn\u00edch krok\u016f k omezen\u00ed jadern\u00e9ho zbrojen\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Nep\u0159\u00edze\u0148 Ameri\u010dan\u016f na Kubu tvrd\u011b dopad\u00e1<\/p>\n
Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 ale s Kubou znovu nav\u00e1zali diplomatick\u00e9 vztahy a\u017e v roce 2015 z iniciativy tehdej\u0161\u00edho americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Baracka Obamy. Obam\u016fv n\u00e1stupce Donald Trump, kter\u00fd se \u00fa\u0159adu ujal v lednu 2017, v\u0161ak m\u011bl ke kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu v\u00fdrazn\u011b rezervovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoj a \u010d\u00e1st vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fdch krok\u016f p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odvolal.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0Trump, kter\u00fd se do B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu vr\u00e1til loni v lednu po \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vce, hned po n\u00e1stupu do \u00fa\u0159adu v r\u00e1mci ru\u0161en\u00ed des\u00edtek dekret\u016f sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce vr\u00e1til Kubu na americk\u00fd seznam zem\u00ed sponzoruj\u00edc\u00edch terorismus. Trumpova administrativa nav\u00edc zaujala v\u016f\u010di Havan\u011b mnohem tvrd\u0161\u00ed postoj. USA nejprve v l\u00e9t\u011b uvalily nov\u00e9 sankce na kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Miguela D\u00edaze-Canela a dal\u0161\u00ed vysok\u00e9 p\u0159edstavitele zem\u011b za poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, a nyn\u00ed stup\u0148uj\u00ed tlak na karibsk\u00fd ostrov prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Venezuely. Trump naposledy varoval, \u017ee Kuba by m\u011bla co nejd\u0159\u00edve uzav\u0159\u00edt dohodu se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty s t\u00edm, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b u\u017e ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t nebude dost\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dnou ropu ani pen\u00edze od Caracasu.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udcf8\u00a0Prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte si p\u0159es 50 fotografi\u00ed zachycuj\u00edc\u00edch skute\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot na Kub\u011b:\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd re\u017eim na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku p\u0159i\u0161el o st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edho spojence. Venezuela pom\u00e1hala t\u011b\u017ece zkou\u0161en\u00fd karibsk\u00fd ostrov udr\u017eovat v chodu.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8004,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[5284,5278,5282,5276,5275,5281,17,21,5283,5280,679,1202,16,2180,205,5277,2213,18,19,5279,22,113,1204,20],"class_list":{"0":"post-8003","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zpravy","8":"tag-caracas","9":"tag-diktatura","10":"tag-fidel-castro","11":"tag-fotky","12":"tag-fotogalerie","13":"tag-havana","14":"tag-headlines","15":"tag-hlavni-udalosti","16":"tag-hugo-chavez","17":"tag-karibska-krize","18":"tag-krize","19":"tag-kuba","20":"tag-news","21":"tag-nicolas-maduro","22":"tag-ropa","23":"tag-snimky","24":"tag-sovetsky-svaz","25":"tag-top-news","26":"tag-top-stories","27":"tag-totalita","28":"tag-udalosti-dne","29":"tag-usa","30":"tag-venezuela","31":"tag-zpravy"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8003"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8003\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}