{"id":80057,"date":"2026-05-09T06:27:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T06:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/80057\/"},"modified":"2026-05-09T06:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T06:27:08","slug":"zahadna-zlata-koule-z-hlubin-oceanu-ma-konecne-vysvetleni-je-to-pozustatek-morske-sasanky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/80057\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 \u201ezlat\u00e1 koule\u201c z\u00a0hlubin oce\u00e1nu m\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Je to poz\u016fstatek mo\u0159sk\u00e9 sasanky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na podivn\u00fd n\u00e1lez narazil v\u00a0roce 2023<\/a>\u00a0t\u00fdm programu NOAA Ocean Exploration b\u011bhem expedice v\u00a0Alja\u0161sk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. V\u00a0hloubce p\u0159es 3200\u00a0metr\u016f zaznamenalo d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 vozidlo zlatav\u00fd, hladk\u00fd \u00fatvar p\u0159ichycen\u00fd ke sk\u00e1le. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u011bl nav\u00edc v\u00fdrazn\u00fd otvor.<\/p>\n

\u201eCo to je? Vaj\u00ed\u010dko? Houba?\u201c zazn\u00edvalo tehdy b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu z\u00a0ponoru robotick\u00e9ho vozidla. Neobvykl\u00fd n\u00e1lez v\u011bdce zasko\u010dil a\u00a0jeho sn\u00edmky se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily i\u00a0mimo odbornou komunitu.<\/p>\n

Odb\u011br vzorku a\u00a0dlouh\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na odpov\u011b\u010f<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci proto objekt odebrali pomoc\u00ed sac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0poslali ho k\u00a0podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzorek n\u00e1sledn\u011b putoval do Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History<\/a>, kde se stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sb\u00edrek bezobratl\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f se ho v\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo rychle za\u0159adit. V\u011bdci u\u017e p\u0159i prvn\u00edm ohled\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u0161ili, \u017ee nejde o\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fd organismus, kter\u00fd by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e ur\u010dit podle vzhledu. Objekt nav\u00edc nep\u0159ipom\u00ednal \u017e\u00e1dnou zn\u00e1mou skupinu \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a\u00a0chyb\u011bly mu typick\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1vac\u00ed znaky.<\/p>\n

Identifikace se tak prot\u00e1hla na v\u00edce ne\u017e dva roky a\u00a0vy\u017e\u00e1dala si spolupr\u00e1ci specialist\u016f z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f\u00a0\u2013 od zoologie p\u0159es genetiku a\u017e po bioinformatiku. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci museli kombinovat klasick\u00e9 metody, jako je studium struktury vzorku, s\u00a0modern\u00edmi genetick\u00fdmi anal\u00fdzami, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ur\u010dit p\u016fvod i\u00a0u velmi neobvykl\u00fdch organism\u016f.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u00fatvar nem\u00e1 typickou stavbu t\u011bla zn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Tvo\u0159ila ho vl\u00e1knit\u00e1, vrstevnat\u00e1 hmota, kter\u00e1 ale obsahovala \u017eahav\u00e9 bu\u0148ky zvan\u00e9 knidocyty. Ty se vyskytuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u00a0kor\u00e1l\u016f nebo sasanek.<\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli sehr\u00e1la genetika<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010d k\u00a0vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed cel\u00e9 z\u00e1hady p\u0159inesla a\u017e podrobn\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ale byly v\u00fdsledky nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee vzorek obsahoval i\u00a0DNA jin\u00fdch mikroskopick\u00fdch organism\u016f. Teprve podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdza, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 DNA organismu, odhalila jasnou stopu.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci nakonec dosp\u011bli k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u201ezlat\u00e1 koule\u201c je poz\u016fstatkem \u010d\u00e1sti hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 sasanky druhu Relicanthus daphneae, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0nov\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 studie<\/a>. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jde o\u00a0tk\u00e1\u0148, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu a\u00a0slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159ichycen\u00ed ke skalnat\u00e9mu podkladu na dn\u011b oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 struktury mohou po odum\u0159en\u00ed organismu z\u016fstat zachovan\u00e9 a\u00a0sv\u00fdm vzhledem p\u0159ipom\u00ednat samostatn\u00fd objekt.<\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1n st\u00e1le skr\u00fdv\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad \u201ezlat\u00e9 koule\u201c ukazuje, jak omezen\u00e9 jsou na\u0161e znalosti hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. I\u00a0p\u0159i dne\u0161n\u00ed \u00farovni technologi\u00ed v\u011bdci pravideln\u011b nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na n\u00e1lezy, kter\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017eou okam\u017eit\u011b vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u011bkdy se podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1hady poda\u0159\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it rychle d\u00edky sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed mezi odborn\u00edky. Jindy jde ale o\u00a0slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje \u010das a\u00a0kombinaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod,\u201c uvedl zoolog Allen Collins, \u0159editel systematick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e NOAA<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hlubok\u00fd oce\u00e1n pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b prozkouman\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm na Zemi. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto zde v\u011bdci nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na neobvykl\u00e9 organismy i\u00a0struktury, kter\u00e9 na prvn\u00ed pohled ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed metody, jako je genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza nebo detailn\u00ed mapov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna, postupn\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tyto z\u00e1hady objas\u0148ovat. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u201ezlat\u00e9 koule\u201c tak nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e uk\u00e1zkou toho, jak pomalu a\u00a0postupn\u011b v\u011bda odhaluje sv\u011bt skryt\u00fd v\u00a0oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hlubin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na podivn\u00fd n\u00e1lez narazil v\u00a0roce 2023\u00a0t\u00fdm programu NOAA Ocean Exploration b\u011bhem expedice v\u00a0Alja\u0161sk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. V\u00a0hloubce p\u0159es 3200\u00a0metr\u016f zaznamenalo…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":80058,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,490,6146,25574,7121,25575,77,7124],"class_list":{"0":"post-80057","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-ceska-republika","9":"tag-cesko","10":"tag-czech-republic","11":"tag-czechia","12":"tag-dna","13":"tag-more","14":"tag-narodni-urad-pro-ocean-a-atmosferu-noaa","15":"tag-ocean","16":"tag-sasanky-zivocichove","17":"tag-veda","18":"tag-zivocichove"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116543202436109826","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80057"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80057\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}