Byl to akt solidarity\u2026 nebo promy\u0161len\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd tah?<\/p>\n
Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byla Evropa v\u00a0trosk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
M\u011bsta rozbombardovan\u00e1.
Pr\u016fmysl zni\u010den\u00fd.
Lid\u00e9 hladov\u011bli.
Ekonomiky kolabovaly.<\/p>\n
Ne\u0161lo jen o\u00a0v\u00e1lkou zni\u010den\u00e9 budovy.<\/p>\n
Hroutil se cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy p\u0159i\u0161el pl\u00e1n, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil d\u011bjiny.<\/p>\n
Co byl Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n<\/p>\n
Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b European Recovery Program) byl americk\u00fd program finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci evropsk\u00fdm zem\u00edm po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n
Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en byl v\u00a0roce 1947\u00a0americk\u00fdm ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed Georgem C. Marshallem. (britannica.com)<\/p>\n
Pomoci Evrop\u011b znovu fungovat.<\/p>\n
obnovit pr\u016fmyslnastartovat zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edstabilizovat ekonomikuzabr\u00e1nit chaosuPro\u010d to Amerika ud\u011blala? Jen dobrota?<\/p>\n
\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pomoc.
\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b strategie.<\/p>\n
USA si uv\u011bdomovaly, \u017ee chud\u00e1 a\u00a0rozvr\u00e1cen\u00e1 Evropa je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed komunismu, zejm\u00e9na pod vlivem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. <\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Marshall-Plan<\/p>\n
Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n nebyl jen humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc.<\/p>\n
Byl to i\u00a0politick\u00fd tah.<\/p>\n
Pomoc\u00ed dolar\u016f cht\u011bly USA stabilizovat z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropu\u2026
a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 ji udr\u017eet mimo sov\u011btsk\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n
Kolik pen\u011bz \u0161lo do hry?<\/p>\n
Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty poskytly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 13\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f (v dne\u0161n\u00ed hodnot\u011b stovky miliard). <\/p>\n
https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/marshall-plan<\/p>\n
Pen\u00edze sm\u011b\u0159ovaly nap\u0159\u00edklad do:<\/p>\n
Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nieFrancieZ\u00e1padn\u00edho N\u011bmeckaIt\u00e1lieNizozemska<\/p>\n
Ne\u0161lo ale jen o \u201erozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hotovosti\u201c.<\/p>\n
strojesurovinypotravinypalivotechnologickou podporuA co \u010ceskoslovensko?<\/p>\n
Tady se t\u00e9ma st\u00e1v\u00e1 pro \u010desk\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 siln\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Czechoslovakia p\u016fvodn\u011b o\u00a0\u00fa\u010dasti uva\u017eovalo.<\/p>\n
Jen\u017ee Joseph Stalin zas\u00e1hl.<\/p>\n
Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz \u00fa\u010dast zem\u00edm sv\u00e9ho vlivu zak\u00e1zal. \u010ceskoslovensko tak pod tlakem Moskvy nab\u00eddku odm\u00edtlo. <\/p>\n
https:\/\/1997-2001.state.gov\/regions\/eur\/marshall.html<\/p>\n
To byl jeden z\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch moment\u016f, kdy se za\u010dalo jasn\u011bji r\u00fdsovat rozd\u011blen\u00ed Evropy na V\u00fdchod a\u00a0Z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n
Fungovalo to?<\/p>\n
Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlil obnovu z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy. Produkce rostla, infrastruktura se obnovovala a\u00a0ekonomiky se stabilizovaly. <\/p>\n
Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nevy\u0159e\u0161il v\u0161e s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
Ale pomohl vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky, aby se Evropa mohla znovu nadechnout.<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd i\u00a0dnes?<\/p>\n
Proto\u017ee uk\u00e1zal z\u00e1sadn\u00ed princip:<\/p>\n
Ekonomick\u00e1 pomoc m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vojensk\u00e1 s\u00edla.<\/p>\n
M\u00edsto dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lky p\u0159i\u0161la investice.<\/p>\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto b\u00fdv\u00e1 Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z\u00a0nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch program\u016f zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky v\u00a0historii.<\/p>\n
Kritika: Nebyl to i\u00a0n\u00e1stroj americk\u00e9ho vlivu?<\/p>\n
Ano, i\u00a0to je f\u00e9r \u0159\u00edct.<\/p>\n
Pomoc pos\u00edlila americk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd a\u00a0politick\u00fd vliv v\u00a0Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed historici proto upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee ne\u0161lo jen o\u00a0altruismus, ale i\u00a0o budov\u00e1n\u00ed spojeneck\u00e9ho a\u00a0obchodn\u00edho prostoru. <\/p>\n
Pravda je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b oboj\u00ed:<\/p>\n
Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno:<\/p>\n
Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n byla rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 americk\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0materi\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kter\u00e1 pomohla obnovit zni\u010denou z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropu a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 pos\u00edlila vliv USA v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se rozhodovalo o\u00a0budouc\u00edm rozd\u011blen\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 i\u00a0dnes?<\/p>\n
Proto\u017ee Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n ukazuje, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pomoc \u010dasto nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou solidarity.<\/p>\n
M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 n\u00e1strojem vlivu, bezpe\u010dnosti a\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9 strategie.<\/p>\n
Ekonomick\u00e1 pomoc m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit nejen hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\u2026
ale i\u00a0politick\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n
Po velk\u00e9 krizi nebo v\u00e1lce se budoucnost \u010dasto nerozhoduje jen na boji\u0161ti.<\/p>\n
Rozhoduje se tak\u00e9 t\u00edm, kdo nab\u00eddne obnovu, stabilitu a\u00a0nad\u011bji.<\/p>\n
Marshall\u016fv pl\u00e1n uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt investice v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad ne\u017e arm\u00e1da.<\/p>\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch moment\u016f modern\u00edch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n
Odkazy \/ zdroje k\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku:Encyclopaedia Britannica \u2013 Marshall Plan:
www[.]britannica[.]com\/event\/Marshall-PlanU.S. Department of State \u2013 Marshall Plan overview:
history[.]state[.]gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/marshall-planHistory Channel \u2013 Marshall Plan facts:
www[.]history[.]com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/marshall-plan-1OECD \u2013 The Marshall Plan and European Recovery:
www[.]oecd[.]org\/general\/themarshallplan.htmGeorge C. Marshall Foundation:
www[.]marshallfoundation[.]org\/marshall\/the-marshall-plan\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Byl to akt solidarity\u2026 nebo promy\u0161len\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd tah? Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byla Evropa v\u00a0trosk\u00e1ch. M\u011bsta rozbombardovan\u00e1.Pr\u016fmysl zni\u010den\u00fd.Lid\u00e9…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":80997,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1720,2209,109,108,106,441,650,1714,1016,649,645,3515,1717],"class_list":{"0":"post-80996","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-evropa","8":"tag-dejiny","9":"tag-druha-svetova-valka","10":"tag-europa","11":"tag-europe","12":"tag-evropa","13":"tag-historie","14":"tag-lide","15":"tag-minulost","16":"tag-nazor","17":"tag-spolecnost","18":"tag-valka","19":"tag-vzdelani","20":"tag-vzdelavani"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116548982936654421","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}