{"id":81624,"date":"2026-05-10T23:47:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T23:47:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/81624\/"},"modified":"2026-05-10T23:47:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T23:47:17","slug":"syr-je-doslova-zlato-italska-banka-ho-ma-ulozeny-v-trezorech-jako-zastavu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/81624\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fdr je doslova zlato. Italsk\u00e1 banka ho m\u00e1 ulo\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0trezorech jako z\u00e1stavu"},"content":{"rendered":"

V regionu Emilia-Romagna na severu It\u00e1lie skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 sklady s\u00a0\u0159\u00edzenou teplotou jeden z\u00a0poklad\u016f zem\u011b. Na vysok\u00fdch reg\u00e1lech le\u017e\u00ed stovky tis\u00edc bochn\u00edk\u016f s\u00fdra Parmigiano Reggiano, kter\u00e9 tu zraj\u00ed a\u00a0s ka\u017ed\u00fdm m\u011bs\u00edcem nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed na hodnot\u011b. Pro cizince to vypad\u00e1 jako katedr\u00e1la s\u00fdra. Pro italsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobce ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f je to v\u0161ak z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 lano.<\/p>\n

Parmigiano Reggiano je jednou z\u00a0potravin s\u00a0nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy na sv\u011bt\u011b. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bt se sm\u00ed pouze v\u00a0mal\u00e9, vymezen\u00e9 oblasti za pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed surovin\u00a0\u2013 ml\u00e9ka, soli a\u00a0sy\u0159idla\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0p\u0159ed prodejem mus\u00ed zr\u00e1t nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Mnoho bochn\u00edk\u016f zraje 24, 36\u00a0nebo dokonce 40\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Toto dlouh\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed ale zp\u016fsobuje finan\u010dn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vypl\u00e1cena mzda ka\u017ed\u00fdch 30\u00a0dn\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1klady na zam\u011bstnance, krmivo a\u00a0energii se hromad\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den. P\u0159\u00edjmy v\u0161ak p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed a\u017e po roce \u010di i\u00a0d\u00e9le. Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let pom\u00e1h\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed Credem Bank tuto mezeru p\u0159eklenout\u00a0a\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 s\u00fdr jako z\u00e1ruku.<\/p>\n

\u201eV It\u00e1lii se vyrob\u00ed asi 4\u00a0miliony bochn\u00edk\u016f s\u00fdra Parmigiano Reggiano,\u00a0my jich skladujeme 500\u00a0tis\u00edc a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148ujeme z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edt tyto bochn\u00edky jako z\u00e1ruku k\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl webu CNN Giancarlo Ravanetti, \u0161\u00e9f bankovn\u00edho skladu s\u00fdr\u016f. Sklad zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 asi 2,3\u00a0milionu\u00a0bochn\u00edk\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Uvnit\u0159 t\u011bchto trezor\u016f je Parmigiano Reggiano v\u00a0hodnot\u011b asi 325\u00a0milion\u016f eur (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 8\u00a0miliard korun).<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e bochn\u00edk Parmigiano Reggiano doraz\u00ed do skladu, vstupuje do p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl zdokonalov\u00e1n po generace. Ka\u017ed\u00fd bochn\u00edk je naskenov\u00e1n a\u00a0zaznamen\u00e1n do digit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e je jak\u00fdsi pas, kter\u00fd zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 datum v\u00fdroby, ml\u00e9k\u00e1rnu p\u016fvodu a\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav. Teprve pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vstoupit do trezoru.<\/p>\n

S\u00fdry jsou ulo\u017eeny na dlouh\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch polic\u00edch. Teplota, vlhkost a\u00a0proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu jsou pe\u010dliv\u011b regulov\u00e1ny. Zam\u011bstnanci skladu denn\u011b proch\u00e1zej\u00ed uli\u010dkami a\u00a0kontroluj\u00ed s\u00fdry, zda nevykazuj\u00ed praskliny, nabobtn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zn\u00e1mky vlhkosti. Jak\u00e1koli nesrovnalost je zaznamen\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Pe\u010de\u0165 kvality<\/p>\n

Po 12\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch prov\u00e1d\u00ed konsorcium Parmigiano Reggiano tradi\u010dn\u00ed test poklep\u00e1n\u00edm. Klepe kladivem na ka\u017ed\u00fd bochn\u00edk a\u00a0poslouch\u00e1, zda nevyd\u00e1v\u00e1 zvuky nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed vady. Pouze bochn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd, rovnom\u011brn\u00fd zvuk, z\u00edskaj\u00ed pe\u010de\u0165 vyp\u00e1lenou \u017ehav\u00fdm \u017eelezem. Sklad ro\u010dn\u011b zpracuje miliony bochn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 a\u00a0vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00e1m, zpracovatel\u016fm, v\u00fdvozc\u016fm a\u00a0firm\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 je nakupuj\u00ed pro strouh\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dlouh\u00e9 zr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jakmile jsou bochn\u00edky s\u00fdry zaregistrov\u00e1ny a\u00a0zraj\u00ed, lze je pou\u017e\u00edt jako z\u00e1stavu. Sklad se st\u00e1v\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 bance zaru\u010duje, \u017ee existuj\u00ed, jsou v\u00a0dobr\u00e9m stavu a\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed z\u00e1stavn\u00edmu rejst\u0159\u00edku. Ravanetti CNN \u0159ekl, \u017ee tento syst\u00e9m funguje ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let a\u00a0banka na t\u011bchto \u00fav\u011brech nikdy neztratila jedin\u00e9 euro.<\/p>\n

Konsorcium dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd sdru\u017euje zhruba 300\u00a0v\u00fdrobc\u016f a\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 2\u00a0tis\u00edce ml\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. Mluv\u010d\u00ed Fabrizio Raimondi jej popisuje jako organizaci zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50\u00a0tis\u00edc lid\u00ed a\u00a0odv\u011btv\u00ed s\u00a0obratem p\u0159es 4\u00a0miliardy eur (97\u00a0miliard korun). T\u00fdm odborn\u00edk\u016f propaguje zna\u010dku, bojuje proti pad\u011blk\u016fm a\u00a0certifikuje ka\u017ed\u00fd bochn\u00edk. \u201eTyto pe\u010det\u011b mohou spot\u0159ebiteli zaru\u010dit, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0origin\u00e1l a\u00a0\u017ee kvalita je dobr\u00e1,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Raimondi.<\/p>\n

Dodavatelsk\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec Parmigiano Reggiano je postaven na dru\u017estvech, co\u017e je podle Paola Ganzerliho ze spole\u010dnosti Granterre jak siln\u00e1 str\u00e1nka, tak slabina.<\/p>\n

Granterre, jedna z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch italsk\u00fdch ml\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch skupin, je technicky akciov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, ale vlastn\u00ed ji dru\u017estva producent\u016f ml\u00e9ka a\u00a0s\u00fdr\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010dnost mus\u00ed podporovat stovky mal\u00fdch farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed stabiln\u00ed platby za ml\u00e9ko.<\/p>\n

Ganzerli vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee ml\u00e9k\u00e1rny mus\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm platit okam\u017eit\u011b, i\u00a0kdy\u017e s\u00fdr, kter\u00fd vyprodukuj\u00ed, p\u0159inese v\u00fdnosy a\u017e za nejm\u00e9n\u011b rok. \u201eBez tohoto syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edfinancov\u00e1n\u00ed by sv\u011bt parmaz\u00e1nu Parmigiano Reggiano nemohl existovat,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobci obvykle obdr\u017e\u00ed 60\u00a0a\u017e 80\u00a0% hodnoty bochn\u00edku s\u00fdr\u016f p\u0159edem, pokud tento s\u00fdr pou\u017eij\u00ed jako z\u00e1ruku. Technologie blockchain nyn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje zastavit bochn\u00edky s\u00fdr\u016f i\u00a0v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou skladov\u00e1ny ve vlastn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zdvojn\u00e1sobila \u00fav\u011brov\u00e1 kapacita spole\u010dnosti Credem. Konsorcium rovn\u011b\u017e investuje do cestovn\u00edho ruchu s\u00a0c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00fdhradn\u011b na s\u00fdr Parmigiano z\u00a085\u00a0tis\u00edc na 300\u00a0tis\u00edc do roku 2029.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Tlak na n\u00e1klady<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je p\u0159itom extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd. Parmigiano Reggiano lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt pouze v\u00a0mal\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 oblasti a\u00a0kr\u00e1vy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt krmeny m\u00edstn\u011b produkovan\u00fdm krmivem. R\u016fzn\u00e1 mikroklimata, od horsk\u00fdch pastvin po farmy v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00edch, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vlastnosti ml\u00e9ka. N\u00e1klady na produkci tohoto ml\u00e9ka v\u0161ak v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech prudce vzrostly, a\u00a0to v\u00a0d\u016fsledku inflace a\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nestability, popsal sou\u010dasnou situaci americk\u00fd server.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1klady na krmen\u00ed krav, n\u00e1klady na v\u0161echno, se hodn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily. Energie, doprava, logistika\u00a0\u2013 v\u0161echno je te\u010f dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ganzerli. Tlak poci\u0165uj\u00ed i\u00a0velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Granterre, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst cen energie nebo krmiva se prom\u00edt\u00e1 do cel\u00e9ho dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\n

V roce 2025\u00a0p\u0159ekro\u010dila chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u016fvodu historickou hranici a\u00a0v\u00fdvoz poprv\u00e9 p\u0159es\u00e1hl polovinu celkov\u00e9ho prodeje a\u00a0dos\u00e1hl 50,5\u00a0% ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho s\u00fdru Parmigiano Reggiano prodan\u00e9ho po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed popt\u00e1vka vzrostla o\u00a02,7\u00a0%, i\u00a0kdy\u017e italsk\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed trh prudce poklesl. Mimo Evropu vzrostl trh ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech o\u00a02,3\u00a0%, v\u00a0Kanad\u011b o\u00a08,3\u00a0%, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Japonsko a\u00a0Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod vykazovaly men\u0161\u00ed, ale rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vku.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm trhem pro s\u00fdr Parmigiano Reggiano\u00a0\u2013 ale tak\u00e9 t\u00edm nejnestabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Na konci roku 2025\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161ila nov\u00e1 cla celkovou celn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na 25\u00a0% a\u00a0existuje mo\u017enost dal\u0161\u00edho zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\u201ePanuje nejistota ohledn\u011b regulace a\u00a0mnoho subjekt\u016f na trhu s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi objedn\u00e1vkami vy\u010dk\u00e1v\u00e1,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Raimondi. Za\u010d\u00e1tek roku 2026\u00a0tento trend potvrdil, kdy\u017e ameri\u010dt\u00ed dovozci pozastavili n\u00e1kupy, aby vyhodnotili dopad cel a\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9ho tlaku.<\/p>\n

Italov\u00e9 si Parmigiano Reggiano kupovali m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto a\u00a0v men\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch. Ceny toti\u017e prudce vzrostly. 12m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed bochn\u00edky dos\u00e1hly ceny 13,22\u00a0eur za kilogram (322\u00a0korun), co\u017e je zdra\u017een\u00ed o\u00a020,6\u00a0%, a\u00a024m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed bochn\u00edky zdra\u017eily o\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 25\u00a0% na 15,59\u00a0eur za kilogram (380\u00a0korun). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V regionu Emilia-Romagna na severu It\u00e1lie skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 sklady s\u00a0\u0159\u00edzenou teplotou jeden z\u00a0poklad\u016f zem\u011b. Na vysok\u00fdch reg\u00e1lech le\u017e\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81625,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[1985,607,54,22206,53,52,25894],"class_list":["post-81624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-banky","tag-italie","tag-svet","tag-syr","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zastava"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116552954287885904","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81624\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}